• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2016

According to the increment of urban buildings, the demand of eco-environment space will be also increased. Therefore, the artificial ground green system on a roof will be supplied gradually. In this study, the concept of simplification, unification and prefabrication was widely applied to supply green system. Consequently, the box unit system with a continuous soil layer was developed, and adhesive property, wind resistance and insulation property of this system were evaluated for site application. As a results of adhesive property and wind resistance test, comparing with design wind pressure and wind velocity, this system was safe at the height of 100m building located in urban. In addition, results of temperature measurement for 120 days showed 17% higher insulation property at daytime and 45% higher insulation property at night than normal box unit system owing to continuous soil layer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

This study compares the wind stability of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr., Pinus koraiensis Sie. & Zucc. and Abies holophylla Maxim. to understand and inform wind risk management of these plantation trees at Daegwallyeong, Korea. Temporary square plots of $20m{\times}20m$ ($400m^2$) were laid out, and DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and height for trees greater than 10 cm in DBH were measured by species. A total of 15 plots with 5 plots each in L. kaempferi, P. koraiensis and A. holophylla stands were sampled at random. Among the species, A. holophylla and P. koraiensis have comparatively lower h/d (Height/DBH) ratios than L. kaempferi. These results indicate that the former two species are more wind firm than the latter species. About 9% of the L. kaempferi trees have higher h/d ratios than the critical threshold limit 80. These trees are vulnerable to wind damage and should be removed in the next thinning regime. The analysis of variance detected a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the h/d ratios and Gini coefficient indicating species differences and DBH size variation, respectively. Gini coefficient was 16.4% in A. holophylla, 15.9% in P. koraiensis and 14% in L. kaempferi stands indicating limited DBH size variation. Lower h/d ratios are attributed to thinning in these stands and tree morphological differences. To increase wind firmness, low thinning should concentrate to remove trees with the h/d ratio above 80 coinciding at the time of stand distinction phase. Forest managers and practitioners should measure and maintain h/d ratios of trees below the critical threshold limit of 80 through stand density management. Variable density thinning approach should be tested to increase tree DBH sizes of the even-aged stands.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2011

This paper is to investigate the possibility of the elastic seismic design for highrise buildings through seismic performance evaluation for potential earthquakes that wind-designed highrise buildings located in strong wind zone and low seismicity can be experienced. Highrise steel diagrid frames which is the most loved structural system in recent years were wind-designed and the substantial system overstrength due to wind design procedure is verified, For the highrise steel diagrid frames, the response spectrum analysis and the seismic performance evaluation by various soil sites were conducted. It was showed that highrise steel diagrid frames with slenderness of greater than 5.2 under strong wind and low seismic zones such as Korea peninsula can resist elastically for the 500 year return period earthquake and have the possibility of seismic design for the 2400 year return period earthquake. In the member level, highrise steel diagrid frames with slenderness of greater than 5.2 all presented the immediate occupancy level regardless of soil sites for the 500 year return earthquake and excluding the $S_E$ soil site for the even 2400 year return period earthquake. In the system level, highrise steel diagrid frames with slenderness of greater than 5.2 showed the immediate occupancy level for $S_A$ and $S_B$ soil sites and the life safety for $S_C$ to $S_E$ soil site in the 500 year return period. The seismic performance level of highrise steel diagrid frames for the 2400 year return period earthquake displayed one step lower than the 500 year return period earthquake.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.387-394
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• 2006

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02b
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2009

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-147
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• 1994

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

金匮要略所论及的中风乃属张仲景之创见, 但因时代所限过于拘泥和忠实于所谓正气虚而感受外邪致病的"内经"基本思想, 提出半身不随等症状必需要有外部风邪的感受方可发病, 并以此作为中风硏究的指标, 如此则视外部风邪为最根本因素, 故经隋唐代以来, 许多因外部風邪发生的疾病都被称为中風, 以致造成十分复杂的状况. 金元四大家则从所谓由外部风邪之感受而发生中风的框框脱离出来, 提出了火, 氣, 濕等原因, 以想摆脱张仲景的理论, 但由于后代很多医家固执于中风症状的发生必以外部风邪为必要条件, 所以亦将金元四大家所论之中风归属于没有半身不随等中风症状的类中风范畴中. 自金元四大家以后, 对類中風的槪念就象隋唐时代中風的概念曾经复杂的那样, 一直表现为非常复杂, 但其要点就是要有口眼歪斜, 半身不遂等症状才可以按金元四大家的本意類中风归入類中風当中. 后来, 叶天士, 尤在泾等将中风的病因看做内风, 也就是肝风开始, 中风的病因完全转入内因阶段, 于是眞中風与類中風的争议便告一段落. 后随着西医的传入确认脑部确有病巢之后, 张伯龙, 张山雷等则则以此为基础认定中风的病因病机乃为肝风内动, 与大厥, 煎厥, 薄厥的机理一样, 乃是气血上衝, 而导致脑部病变的发生, 使中风理论更加成熟.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.4-9
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• 2023

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.60-67
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• 2004

The designer of a tall building even in moderate and low seismic regions should, in finalizing the desist consider the probable impact of the design basis earthquake on the selected structural system. In this study, seismic response analysis was conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of concentrically braced steel highrise buildings which were designed only for governing wind loading under moderate seismicity. The main purpose of this analysis was to see if the wind design would create a system whose elastic capacity clearly exceeds the probable demand as suggested by the design basis earthquake. The strength demand-to-capacity study revealed that the wind-designed steel highrise buildings with the aspect ratio of larger than five can withstand the design basis earthquake elastically by a sufficient margin due to the system over-strength resulting from the wind-serviceability criterion. The maximum story drift demand from the design basis earthquake was just 0.25% (or half the limit of Immediate Occupancy performance level in FEMA 273)

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

The gene analysis of resistance in rice cultivars, Daeanbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Naepungbyeo, Hwajinbyeo and Surabyeo to strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was studied. F$_1$ plants and F$_2$ populations from the crosses between six cultivars and near isogenic lines carrying the single bacterial blight(BB) resistance gene were analyzed using Korean and Japanese BB races. Daeanbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Naepungbyeo, Hwajinbyeo and Surabyeo are alleic with IRBB101 but are non-alleic with IRBB104 and IRBB105. The allelic tests indicated that Daeanbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Naepungbyeo, Hwajinbyeo and Surabyeo have the Xal gene for resistance.