• Journal of Science Education
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2023

Concerns related to diversity are important throughout society, especially in the context of expansive globalization. In education, diversity-related issues require careful consideration to ensure social groups that have historically been marginalized benefit from educational opportunities. In this study, we investigated a case from within the United States aimed at addressing diversity issues in schools and discuss the implications of this study in relation to diversity issues in Korea. More specifically, we examined the features of the professional development program designed and implemented by the Smithsonian Science Education Center, as well as survey results from teachers who participated between 2019-2020. Our findings revealed that the program provided participants context specific experiences, space and time to develop an in-depth understandings of the causes of diversity issues and supports to attend to the various perspectives needed to set specific goals and action plans and to examine, refine, and revise their plans. Further, features of the professional development program had meaningful effects on participants' learning experience as they were supported to identify useful proposals and take action to solve their specific diversity issues. The findings from this study offer important implications for designing professional development and organizing supports to address varied current and future diversity issues in Korean school contexts.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.387-415
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• 2010

This article examines Zhu Xi(朱熹)'s theory of I-Qing(易經) present in Yi Xue Qi Meng. Zhu Xi aims to establish a novel Confucian theory of I-Qing, examining the study of I-Qing in Han Dynasity and the Taoist theory of I-Qing. To this end, he embraces Shao Yong(邵雍)'s theory of Xian Tian. Adapting the notion of Xian Tian(先天) as developed by Shao, he completes the Image-Number(象數) Theory of Hetu-Luoshu(河圖洛書). While discussing Hetu Luoshu, Zhu Xi argues that the Image and Number are not merely a form of prognostication, but a medium that reveals the principles of the nature and the sagely ways of mind. In addition, by studing I-Zhuan(易傳) in authoring Yi Xue Qi Meng, Zhu Xi maintains that the notions of Image and Number as he understands were to be approved by Confucius. This leads to the unification of Sho Yong's Tai-Ji(太極), Zou Dun Yi(周 敦頤)'s Tai-Ji, and Tai-Ji in Hetu. Through this work, Zhu Xi attempts to construct a systematic philosophy that straddles ontology and value theory, while identifying Li (理) with Xiang (象) and Shu (數). The Image-Number Theory of Hetu-Luoshu has replaced numerous theories of Image and Number at the time of Zhu Xi. Based on this theory, he restores the method of divination as presented in Xi CI Zhuan(繫辭傳). By successfully applying his theory of Image and Number to interpreting a number of recorded examples of divination during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Zhu Xi demonstrates that his theory is not only an abstract metaphysical theory, but also can function as an adaptable method of divination.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.52-77
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• 2016

A spirit tablet of king Guan Yu is enshrined in Donggwanwangmyo shrine[East Shrine of King Guan Yu], which houses 51 hanging boards. The hanging boards were written by the kings of Joseon Dynasty and envoys and generals of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most studies on hanging boards have been focused on the collections of the palaces but not on those in Donggwanwangmyo shrine. In this regard, this study researches the hanging boards of the kings' writings in the late Joseon period and analyzes their forms and contents. In terms of contents, it examines who made the boards, when they made them, and what brought them to make them, etc. This study analyzes the forms of hanging boards by types, used materials, and periodic transition of forms. The findings are as follows. First, Donggwanwangmyo shrine houses 7 pieces of hanging boards inscribed with kings' handwriting: one piece of King Sukjong, 4 pieces of King Yeongjo, and 2 pieces of Emperor Gojong. They are divided into two types: one is the name of the buildings and the other is the poems that the kings wrote regarding what they felt when they visited the shrine. Especially, the latter were written by the kings who visited the shrine in spring and autumn. The kings intended to promote peace of royal family through a sense of royalty and fidelity of King Guan Yu. Second, the hanging boards of the kings are differentiated from those of the envoys and generals of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in materials and forms. The background of the board is colored by blue, deep red lacquer color, and black lacquer color, which are more expensive than black color or white color. The hanging boards are embossed with the kings' handwritings and then colored with gold. The frame-style four-side hanging board is held at a 45-degree angle and painted with floral patterns and seven-treasure patterns in Dancheong technique. The left and right sides and the top and bottom sides of the board are decorated with Dang-cho pattern(Korean arabesque pattern). This style is called "quadrilateral"and considered the most classy and top-class among the other three ones. In conclusion, this study confirms the status of Donggwanwangmyo shrine with hanging boards inscribed with kings' handwritings as a political space where kings had interest and demanded their soldiers' royalty and fidelity. Research into the boards inscribed with the handwritings of envoys of the Ming Dynasty and generals of the Qing Dynasty, and the comparison of the styles and periodic transition of forms will be reserved for another study.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.33
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• pp.31-72
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• 2010

At first, I extract materials on folk religion from four encyclopedic literatures of late Chosun dynasty-Lee, Ji-Bong-Ryu-Seol(『芝峯類說』) by Soo-Kwang(李晬光), San-Lim-Kyung-Jae(『山林經濟』) by Hong, Man-Sun(洪萬選), Sung-Ho-Sa-Seol(『星湖僿說』) by Lee-Ik(李瀷), O-Ju-Yeon-Moon-Jang-Jun-San-Go(『五洲衍文長箋散稿』) by Lee, Kyu-Kyung(李圭景), and present these materials by tables. Second, I examined the contents and characters of these materials on folk religion. The conclusions from this research are as follows. ① There are common features and points of difference between these four encyclopedic literatures. One of common features are that all these four are encyclopedic works, but San-Lim-Kyung-Jae is more practical than another three. ② These encyclopedic literatures regard folk religion as a negative culture, because these literatures based on Confucianism. But they did not deny miraculous virtues of folk religion. ③ These encyclopedic literatures give us many informations on gods and spirits of Korean folk religion, i.e. city gods(城隍神)·Yup-Sin(업신)·spirits of disease, god Kim-Bu(金傅大王神)·god Jung-Duk-Yang(鄭得揚)·god of King Kuan-u(關王神)·god Bu-keun(付根神) etc. So I review these gods and spirits referenced in encyclopedic literatures. ④ These encyclopedic literatures show much interest in ghost in common. The reason of interest is that authors of these encyclopedic literatures are all scholars of Sung Confucianism and Sung Confucian was concern about ghost. The Sung Confucianism denied the ghost as personal being whom Korean folk religion regards to a kind of spirits. Instead of beliefs in ghost of folk religion, they insist on the ghost as Ki(氣), a kind of cosmic principle. But these encyclopedic literatures acknowledge some parts of folk religion's beliefs in ghost, because they admit the miraculous virtues of these parts. ⑤ There are many items on divination in these encyclopedic literatures. But they show dual attitude on divinations. The one is negative attitude to divinations on individual destiny and the other one is positive attitude to divinations on agriculture. ⑥ There are also many items on witchcrafts in these encyclopedic literatures. Through these items, I assumed pervasiveness of beliefs on witchcraft at that time. ⑦ Shamans, as religious specialist, are stand on a central position of Korean folk religion. So it is a matter of course that these encyclopedic literatures concerned on Korean shaman. As Confucians, authors of these encyclopedic literatures did not regards shamans as positive one. But they did not deny miraculous virtues of shamans. In spite of these encyclopedic literatures have negative view points to, and include false informations Korean folk religion, I would like to emphasis on importance of these encyclopedic literatures to understand Korean folk religions, especially Korean folk religions of late Yi Dynasty.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.457-507
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the formal and content features of the material for the Changgeuk album , which was produced and released in 1971. Changgeuk album was produced and published as a headword for "Changgeuk". However, it differs from the style of Changgeuk which is treated as a stage drama in that the narrative is developed around the commentary and dialogue in the formal aspect and the Pansori is only partially used. The styles of Changgeuk, implemented through gramophone record, radio broadcasts and television broadcasts, varied widely, unlike those of Changgeuk established in the 1930s. Pansori music wasn't the only center, and traditional performers weren't even the main members of the play. The characteristic form of the Changgeuk album is an experiment of Changgeuk that emerged naturally with radio reading and the advent of radio dramas in the 1950s and 1960s. So it is necessary to pay attention to the Changgeuk album in that it shows diverse forms of experiments conducted by Changgeuk in the newly introduced culture and media in the middle and late 20th century As for the contents of the Changgeuk album , the work embraces Lee Jong ik 's novel (1957), but develops the narrative centering on the life of Saint Sa-myung(四溟大師). And it is faithfully portraying the life of a Buddhist monk and the national salvation hero who pursued the original work. This content composition can be understood in the will of singer Lee Yong bae, the soundman who produced the album, and in the flow of historical dramas that summon the historical hero of the old country of the time to the stage. Singer Lee Yong bae reflects on his life in the past when he was full of greed and conceit through his life as a monk of Saint Sa-myung(四溟大師) and is greatly impressed by the personal aspect of Saint Sa-myung(四溟大師), and these emotions encouraged his creative will. Also, the Changgeuk record is meaningful in that it is one of the specific materials that embodies the national hero as a record and a traditional play under the discourse of the people, the nation in the 1970s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.211-218
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• 2004

The WAM wave model has been widely used for wave hindcasting in the ocean by many domestic and foreign researchers due to its relative simplicity and high accuracy. As this model was originally developed for the condition cf deepwater and comparatively coarse grid size covering wide area, it might produce in a fault result mused by the improper distribution of directional spreading. We extensively investigated involved problems based on WAM Cycle 4 model and suggested the improved WAM model so that it is applicable to both shallow water sea and fine mesh wave simulation. The modified WAM model is verified here by comparing the computed result with and the observed data at Ieodo Ocean Research Station for September of 2003.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2009

As the cultural importance of local environment has been increasing, interests of local residents for city design has also increased. City design can inspire local residents' pride and redefine the city image to both local and outside world. Therefore, this study analyzes the city's(Pohang city) status, environmental characteristics, and local residents' design image preference; and based on the analysis, this study suggests standard design for public facilities that constitute "streets", that can realize the city image identity. For the suggestion, scenery image and public facilities status of the twenty-four areas in the city were analyzed. Also, to decide the design direction of public facilities that can constitute the city's consistent ideology, thoughts, and image, design preference factors for public facilities by local residents were surveyed and analyzed. The design guidelines and a standard design were established for total of thirty-one public facilities based on the analysis. The outcome will enable provision of communication media to express the charming city image and also of material that can be reflected in the integrated city scenery project in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

It is increasingly recognized that the construction equipment play an important role as resources in construction process. The number of registered construction equipment in korea is over 320,000 according to the statistics. It is obvious that the machine-intensive construction method achieves productivity and quality improvement as well as safety. The main objective of this paper is to propose improvement plans for construction equipment management system in terms of scope, registration, inspection, rental business, operating licenses, and etc., which are the major issues described in the Construction Equipment Management Law. In order to satisfy the objective, this research conduct survey and interview with experts, and literature review on domestic and overseas related laws and regulations. The results of the research are about 20 issues for improvement plans for the better management system, so the further in-depth study on each issue will be recommended for the practical application to the law.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.388-403
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• 2016

On July 5, 2016, offshore magnitude 5.0 earthquake, Ulsan, Republic of Korea can anxiety not safe in the earthquake. The gas smell that occurred in Busan on July 20, 2016 did not understand a cause and spread by the ghost story for the earthquake to a citizen. Thus correct information about the disaster is important to the smart city and the quick correspondence for damage inhabitants and the community has an influence on the disaster resilience. This study is targeted for damage inhabitants, and it clarifies the importance of the evocation model of anxiety about the disaster in the smart city with social technology. In the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake, consider the self-help contents of Kamaishi-city inhabitants deeply and find out a proper application method. As a means of disaster response and recovery, suggest that the inhabitants and community will be able to practice self-help measures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.303-313
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest the analysis of disaster conflict and strategies of Conflict Management based on Case of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Accident. For accomplishing the purpose, we analyzed process and features of conflict in area of Taean after disaster. When we overview literature study about conflict research of korea society, we know that we have no studying disaster conflict in spite of important cause of regional society conflict. Recently, we have been experienced major disaster every year. When disaster such as Case of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Accident occurred, it is accompanied with a conflict in disaster area. So, we argue that it is important to analyzed disaster conflict and propose strategies of Conflict Management.