• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.78-87
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• 1994

생물학 및 의학등의 생명과학에서는 현미경을 이용하여 생체물질 즉, 생체조직을 관찰하고 이에 대한 조직의 검사 결과를 판정하고 발표한다. 이때 필히 고정과정(fixation process)을 거쳐야 한 다. 즉, 생체조직중 조직의 구조, 특정 세포나 바이러스 및 효소등을 관찰할 때 고정과정을 거쳐 조직을 절편하고 이를 염색하여 현미경으로 검사하게 된다. 고정과정이란 생체물질을 안정화시키고 자기분해 혹은 부패를 방지하여 보존이 가능하도록 변화시키 는 과정으로, 조직내의 용해성 물질을 불용성 물질로 변형시키는 과정이다. 고정과정을 거친 생체조직 은 구조를 보존하고 있기 때문에 조직의 훼손이 없는 상태에서 절편이 가능하고 또한 염색상태를 좋게 하며 관찰시 contrast를 증진시킨다. 만약 고정과정을 거치지 않으면 물질의 세포막이 파괴되고 단백질 등의 물질이 용해되어 조직의 변형을 일으켜 제대로 조직을 관찰할 수 없게 된다. 고정과정에는 크게 화학적 고정법과 물리적 고정법이 있다. 화학적 고정법은 생체조직을 화학용액에 처리하는 방법이며, 물리적 고정법은 직접적인 열 혹은 초음파등으로 물질을 고정시키는 방법이다. 표 면과 내부의 열전도가 달라져 고정이 균일하게 되지 않는 단점을 가지고 있기 때문에 보통 2~6일의 고 정시간을 요하는 화학적 고정법을 사용하고 있다. 따라서 조직에 대한 총 검사시간이 최소 6일에서 최 대 12일이 요구된다. 병원등에서 조직검사의 결과가 늦게 발표되는 사유는 바로 화학적 고정법을 사용 하여 생체조직을 관찰하고 그 결과를 판정하기 때문이다. 본 고에서는 마이크로파를 이용하여 약 3시간만에 조직의 상태를 관찰할 수 있는 고정법을 소개한다. 마이크로파를 이용하여 조직을 고정하는 고정방법을 기존의 고정법과 비교하여 이들의 장단점을 나타 낸다. 본 연구자에 의해 개발된 마이크로파 고정기를 소개하고, 이를 이용하여 생체물질을 고정한뒤 절 편, 염색하여 현미경 관찰결과를 발표하여 본 연구의 방법이 기존 방법보다 우수함을 나타낸다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 2010

Purpose: The authors used arthroscopy-assisted percutaneous reduction and cannulated screw fixation rather? than conventional arthrotomy for displaced glenoid fracture. Materials and Methods: We used arthroscopy assisted reduction and screw fixation for a 66 year old man who had a clavicle fracture, a displaced glenoid fracture and a scapula fracture. Results: At 9 months postoperatively, the patient had recovered full range of motion and was not inconvenienced by the surgery. Removal of the implant was done 12 months post-operatively under general anesthesia. Conclusion: The advantages of arthroscopy-assisted percutaneous screw fixation are less pain and less bleeding, shorter hospital stay and earlier rehabilitation. Arthroscopic percutaneous screw fixation for a displaced glenoid fracture seems to be a good alternative treatment method.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

Purpose: To compare the stability and clinical result after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knee after graft fixation using Intrafix in tibial tunnel with or without additional tibial post fixation. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 37 cases which were treated with four-strand hamstring tendon autograft during the period from May 2002 to January 2003. The grafts were fixed with Rigidfix system (Mitek Product, Johnson and Johnson, USA) in femur tunnel and Intrafix system (Mitek Product, Johnson and Johnson, USA) in tibial tunnel. After tibial fixation, additional tibial post fixation was done, which was determined by the serial case number prospectively. Patients were followed for average of fourteen months(range, thirteen to twenty-five months) At the time of final follow-up, patients were evaluated in terms of Lachman test, pivot shift test, Lysholm scores, IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) assessment, side-to-side KT-1000 maximum-manual arthrometer differences. Results: At last follow-up, Lysholm score was average 93.1(range: 65 to 98), IKDC assessment revealed that 26 cases had score of A, 10 cases had score of B and 1 case had score of C. The average maximum-manual KT-1000 arthrometer side ?to-side difference was 2.5 mm$(0{\sim}6mm)$. There was one case in which the Lachman test was graded as 2+ and four cases in which the Lachman test was graded as 1+ and the remaining thirty-two cases were normal by Lachman test. One case had a 2+ pivot-shift, and 2 cases had a 11 pivot-shift. The remaining 34 knees were normal on pivot -shift testing. The average maximum-manual KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference was average 2.8 mm$(0{\sim}6mm)$ in Intrafix only group and average 2.2 mm$(0{\sim}4mm)$ in additional fixation group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Without additional tibial fixation, the stability of the anterior cruciate reconstructed knee with hamstring graft which was fixed with Intrafix was restored.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.515-518
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• 2014

A castrated male Yorkshire Terrier dog was presented for urinary incontinence and constipation. On physical examination, the dog showed difficult urination. There were no neurological abnormalities and no bacterial detection on urinalysis. Rectal examination revealed a regular, normal-sized prostate. Urethral catheterization was performed easily. Excretory urography and retrograde positive contrast urethrocystography showed displacement of the urinary bladder to the intrapelvic region. There was no evidence of an ectopic ureter. A tentative diagnosis of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence accompanied with a pelvic bladder was made. Cystopexy was decided to place the urinary bladder to its normal position. The neck of the urinary bladder was anchored to the body wall and prepubic tendon using mattress sutures. Additional sutures were placed to appose the lateral part of the urinary bladder and abdominal wall. A simple interrupted suture was placed to tack the apex of the urinary bladder on the abdominal incision line. A urinary catheter was placed in the urinary bladder to provide post-operative evacuation. The catheter was removed when the dog was able to urinate with minimal straining at 3 days post-operatively. The owner reported that the dogs showed normal urination without straining at 3 days after the catheter was removed. Excretory urography revealed that the urinary bladder was located on its normal position at 2 months post-operatively. Subsequent communication with the owner by telephone revealed that the dog was in good urination at 3 years 11 months post-operatively.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2009

불안정한 주관절이 동반된 전위된 구상돌기 골절들을 내측 접근법을 통한 금속판 고정으로 안정된 고정과 만족스러운 골유합을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2003

핵폐기물의 재처리과정에서 파생리는 액상의 고준위 폐기물 (sludges)은, 매우 위해한 핵종원소를 포함하고 있으므로 이들 핵종을 고정화시킬 수 있는 물질이 요구된다 핵폐기물을 구성하고 있는 방사성 원소를 일련의 광물조합 내에 고정화시키려는 시도는 Hatch (1953), McCarthy (1973, 1974), Mccarthy와 Davidson (1975), Roy (1975, 1977)에 의해 연구되었으며 현재는 borosilicate 및 aluminophosphate glass 등에 의한 고정화 방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.355-365
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• 2011

This study investigated how dietary fat affects muscle atrophy and lipid metabolism in various muscles during hindlimb immobilization in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague?Dawley rats had their left hindlimb immobilized and were divided into four groups by dietary fat content and composition. The contralateral hindlimb (control) was compared with the immobilized limb in all dietary groups. Rats (n = 6/group) were fed a 4% corn oil diet (CO), 2.6% corn oil + 1.4% fish oil diet (FO), 30% corn oil diet (HCO), or a 30% beef tallow diet (HBT)after their hind limbs were immobilized for 10 days. Data were collected for the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles. Muscle atrophy was induced significantly after 10 days of hindlimb immobilization, resulting in significantly decreased muscle mass and total muscle protein content. The protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\delta}$ (PPAR${\delta}$) in the plantaris, gastrocnemius, and soleus increased following hindlimb immobilization irrespective of dietary fat intake. Interestingly, the PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA level in the plantaris decreased significantly in all groups and that in the FO group was lower than that in the other groups. The soleus PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA level decreased significantly following hindlimb immobilization in the FO group only. Muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (mCPT1) mRNA level was not affected by hindlimb immobilization. However, the mCPT1 mRNA level in the FO group was significantly lower in the plantaris but higher in the soleus than that in the other groups. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA level in the plantaris decreased significantly, whereas that in the soleus increased significantly following hindlimb immobilization. The plantaris, but not soleus, PDK4 mRNA level was significantly higher in the FO group than that in the CO group. The increased PPAR${\delta}$ protein level following hindlimb immobilization may have suppressed triglyceride accumulation in muscles and different types of dietary fat may have differentially affected muscle atrophy according to muscle type. Our results suggest that ${\omega}$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may suppress muscle atrophy and lipid accumulation by positively affecting the expression level and activity of PPAR${\delta}$ and PPAR${\delta}$-related enzymes, which are supposed to play an important role in muscle lipid metabolism.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1996

Based on fermentation data for cyclosporin A production, simple Monod kinetics was proposed for both immobilized and suspended cultures. Higher value of $\mu$mas and lower value of Km suggest better catalytic activity of the immobilized cells than the parallel suspended cells. Furthermore, lower Km value in the immobilized cell system indicates higher affinity of the immobilized cells for carbon substrate as compared with the suspended cells. For immobilized cell cultures, these parameters were also utilized for the estimation of effectiveness factor, an indicator for intraparticle mass transfer resistance. Based on simulation studies, optimum radius of celite beads was turned out $100 ~ 500{\mu}m$In this simulation work, we examined the influence of biosupport size and immobilized biomass density on diffusional resistance of substrate inside the bead matrix. In order to maintain uniformly distributed cell activities in biosupport, it was essential to determine optimum slze of particle, and then to estimate the most economic loaded biomass content.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

Despite the importance of chloride binding, it is very difficult to measure the binding capacity, in particular, for the concrete body in an existing structure: in fact, the measurement procedure for chloride binding is much influenced by the environmental condition such as temperature, fineness of sample and pore water extraction techniques. The present study concerns the quantification of the binding capacity of chloride ions in concrete using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Once the binding isotherm of chlorides was determined by the Langmuir isotherm, as a function of the W/C, curing age and binder type, the generation of bound chlorides (i.e. Friedel's salt) was simultaneously ensured by the XRD technique. The amount of bound chloride was then determined by analyzing the peak intensity for the bound chlorides in the XRD curve. It was found that an increase in the curing age and a decrease in the W/C resulted in an increase in the binding capacity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.335-342
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• 2000

The authors observed the long term effects of chlorhexidine varnish treatment on microbial change of dental plaque in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. The initial sample was 100 patients who were arranged to be treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. The final sample consisted of 21 patients who could be traced for 32 weeks after application of fixed orthodontic appliances. They were classified into the experimental group (12 patients) and the control group (9 patients). The experimental group was treated with chlorhexidine varnish once a week for 4 weeks before application of fixed orthodontic appliance. The control group was not treated with chlorhexidine varnish before application of fixed orthodontic appliance. The experimental group was treated once more after 20 weeks. The microbial changes of dental plaque were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence technique at pre-treatment, post-treatment 4, 8, 20, and 32 weeks. The results were as follows. 1. In the experimental group, streptococus mutans was significantly suppressed during experimental period. (p<0.01) But, in the control group, streptococcus mutans was significantly increased after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances during experiment period. (p<0.05) 2. Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, md Actinomyces naeslundii did not show significant change between the experimental and the control group during experiment period. So, if we treat the orthodontic patients with chlorhexidine varnish before application of fixed appliances, we may suppress the major cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, selectively for long period.