• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Obesity increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as some cancers. To prevent the occurrence of these diseases and death, it is essential to manage obesity. Though there are several treatments for obesity, lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, and drug therapy are most widely used in clinical practice. Among the anti-obesity drugs available, the weight loss effect of naltrexone/bupropion has been well-proven. We present a case study in which naltrexone/bupropion, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor showed significant weight loss and improved metabolic parameters. Additionally, the management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension, which are common diseases in patients with obesity, was also included.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

날트렉손은 ${\mu}-opioid$ 수용체에 특이적이고 선택적으로 길항작용을 나타내어 마약이나 마약성 진통제의 강한 의존성 치료에 쓰일 뿐만 아니라, 알코올 의존성 치료에도 쓰이는 약물이다. 본 연구는 날트렉손 제제인 레비아 정 (50 mg tablet, 제일약품) 을 대조약으로 하여 시험약인 명인 제약의 트락손 50 mg정의 생물학적 동등성 평가를 하기 위해 22명의 건강한 지원자를 모집하였다. 지원자를 두 군으로 나누어 1정씩 투여하였고 $2{\times}2$ 교차시험을 실시하였다. 날트렉손의 혈장 중의 농도를 정량하기 위하여 발리데이션된 LC/MS/MS를 사용하였다. 채혈 시간은 투약 전 및 투약 후 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 시간에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 생물학적 동등성을 판정하기 위한 파라미터로 12시간까지의 혈장 중 농도 곡선 하 면적$(AUC_{12hr})$과 최고 혈중 농도 $(C_{max})$를 사용하였다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 평균은 $43.45ng{\cdot}hr/ml$ (시험약)과 $43.31ng{\cdot}hr/ml$ (대조약) 으로 관찰되었고, $C_{max}$의 경우 각각 12.01 ng/m1 (시험약)과 12.27 ng/ml (대조약)으로 관찰되었다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 경우 로그변환 한 평균치 차의 90%의 신뢰구간이 log0.95-log1.07이었고, $C_{max}$의 경우 log0.87-log1.14로 계산되어 두 항목 모두 log0.8-log1.25이어야 한다는 식품의약품 안전청과 FDA의 기준을 모두 만족시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 시험약 트락손 정 50mg 은 대조약 레비아 정 50 mg에 대하여 생물학적으로 동등한 것으로 판정되었다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 1998

We provide the reader with a brief introduction to the neurobiology of neuropeptides. Several comprehensive reviews of the distribution and neurochemical, neurophysiological, neuropharmacological and behavioral effects of the major neuropeptides have recently appeared. In reviews of the large number of neuropeptides in brain and their occurance in brain regions thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, investigators have sought to determine whether alternations in neuropeptide systems are associated with schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcoholism and neurodegenerative disease. There is no longer any doubt that neuropeptide-containing neurons are altered in several neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the factors that has hindered neuropeptide research to a considerable extent is the lack of pharmacological agents that specifically alter the synaptic availability of neuropeptides. With the exception of naloxone and naltrexone, the opiate-receptor antagonists, there are few available neuropeptide- receptor antagonists. Two independent classes of neuropeptide-receptor antagonists has been expected to be clinically useful. Naltrexone, a potent ${\mu}$-receptor antagonist, has been used successfully to reduce the need for alcohol consumption. And cholecycstokinin antagonists are now in development as a new class of anxiolytics, which would be expected to be free from tolerance and physical dependence and lack of sedation. In this review, we deal with these two kinds of neuropeptide system, the opioid system and cholesystokinins in the brain. The role of opioid systems in the reinforcement after alcohol consumtion and that of cholesystokinins in the pathogenesis of anxiety will be discussed briefly. As we know, the future for neuropeptides in psychiatry remains bright indeed.