• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 1994

Some Agaric fungi were collected from the area of Suwon, Mt. Taewha and Mt. Yongmoon in Kyonggi-do and Chongpyong temple in Kangwon-do. Among them, one genus and five taxa of Agaricales were confirmed new to Korea. In this paper we registered five texa of Agricales in detailed description such as Hygrocybe firma (Berk. & Br.) Sing. var. firma Sing.; Hohenbuehelia petalodes (Bull.: Fr.) Schulzer; Cystoagaricus strobilomyces (Mull.) Sing.; Coprinus domesticus (Bolt.: Fr.) S.F.Gray and Inocybe acutata T. Koba.& E.Naga.. The one genus new to Korea is Cystoagaricus Sing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.256-265
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• 2017

Seafood is attracting attention as a future food industry. In recent years, the demand for fishery equipment of mechanization, automation, and unmanned was increased due to the environment affected by seafood processing, stricter regulations on safety, decline and aging of fishery worker. Ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) was being produced in many steps in the production process. The process has been made such as collection-landing-washing-first sort (goods/non-goods)-transports-second sort (size). It was undergone first and second steps by delivering to the consumer. Here, the first step is to sort goods to collection and the second step is to sort by size. The fishery workers need ten people in first step and six people in second step. The workload of one hour per kg is 4,247 kg/h in first step and 2,213 kg/h in second step. In addition, the goods ratio by work process was 79% in first step and 98% in the second step. In this process, a lot of fishery worker and working time is needed. Therefore, this study developed elemental techniques for an automated size sorting system considering the working process problem, time and situation for washing and sorting of ark shell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2023

This study analyzed the flow inside floating seedling equipment for Scapharca subcrenata. Due to the aging society of fishing villages, it is impossible to continuously input the labor force. Therefore, it is necessary to improve efficiency. Scapharca subcrenata has high per capita consumption. It serves as an important aquatic food resource. Scapharca subcrenata culture tends to be highly dependent on the natural environment. Production of Scapharca subcrenata is difficult to predict with low stability. In the past, manpower directly installed bamboo nets in mudflats. The seedling equipment devised in this study is a floating type and can be freely moved on the sea according to the prediction of Scapharca subcrenata generation. The flow around the floating seedling equipment was analyzed by numerical analysis. The physical phenomena of the flow around the net inside the floating seedling equipment were visualized. As a result, the space between the floating seedling equipment and the bottom net and the space between the net groups showed a lower flow rate than the inlet flow rate. It is expected that the low flow rate of the floating seedling equipment will have a positive effect on the attachment of Scapharca subcrenata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of got mul-kimchi during storage by type of kimchi container using a plastic ark shell. The pH level, acidity, hardness, color, sensory evaluation, and microbiological activity were performed. Kimchi containers were prepared with 0%, 2%, and 3% plastic ark shell. The pH level of 2% container samples showed no significant difference compared with that of the control, whereas pH levels of 3% container samples were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the control and 2% sample. Acidity was not different among treatments up to 4 weeks, whereas acidity of 3% container samples was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the control and 2% samples after 8 weeks. Hardness significantly decreased (P<0.05) upon 0, 2, and 3% treatments with increasing storage time, but there was no significant difference among the treatments. Hunter color L values increased in the order of 0, 3, and 2% with increasing storage time. In sensory evaluation of crunchiness, 3% container samples had significantly (P<0.05) higher crunchiness than the control. Total viable cells in the 3% container with got mul-kimchi were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of other samples at 12 and 16 weeks of fermentation. Numbers of lactic acid bacteria in the 2% and 3% container samples were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the control samples after 16 weeks of fermentation. These results show that the plastic ark shell kimchi container extended storage compared with the control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.326-333
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• 2009

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic substances that are formed during the heating of protein-rich foods. HCAs are generally found at low amounts in a complex matrix, which requires sophisticated analysis. In this study, HCAs were extracted from lyophilized fish and shellfish samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The HCA recoveries in the fish and shellfish ranged from 15.7 to 74.7% with standard deviations from 0.2 to 7.63%. And HCA concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 1,117.7 $ng/g^{-1}$ in cooked food samples. 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Harman), 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Norharman), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) were the most abundant HCAs formed in the muscle of fried mackerel, at levels of 1,117.7, 926.6, and 133.7 ng/g, respectively. 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-aminodipiryrido[1,2-a:3,2-d]imidazole(Glu-P-2), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole(A${\alpha}$C), 2-amino-3methyl-9H-pyrido [1,2-a:3,2-d]imidazole(MeA${\alpha}$C), 2-amino-3,4,7,8-tetramethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (TriMeIQx), 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline(7,8-DiMeIQx), and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) were only detected by small quantities ranged from 1.5 to 98.6 ng/g. Overall, this study provides useful information on HCA levels in fish and shellfish products consumed in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2015

This study investigated spectroscopic characteristics of shell crystals of eight marine bivalve species using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis; moreover, the Family level relatedness of shellfish was investigated. In XRD analysis, the shells of Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix lusoria, Anadara granosa, and Fulvia mutica were found to have orthorhombic aragonite $CaCO_3$ crystals, while shells of Patinopecten yessoensis and Crassostrea gigas had trigonal-rhombohedral calcite crystals. The shells of Mytilus coruscus and Atrina pectinata were determined to have a mixture of aragonite and calcite crystals. XRD information revealed the Family level-specific characteristics of shellfish; the results agreed with the current taxonomic system. In conclusion, spectroscopic characteristics of shell crystals indicated Family-level characteristics of shellfish and suggested a more intense species-level investigation; this technology may be useful in identifying shellfish species using small quantities of shells.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.691-710
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the geochemical and benthic environment of three shellfish farms in Suncheon Bay during the period of September 2014 ~ April 2015. Three sampling stations were selected; St.1 is the shellfish farm of razor clam near Jangsan area. St.2 is the shellfish farm of small ark shell near Hwapo area and St.3 is the shellfish farm of razor clam near Yongdu area. Razor clam was the dominant species at St.1, small ark shell and granulated ark shell were dominant at St.2 and St.3, respectively. Granulated ark shell inhabited St.3, although it is not cultured at that station. This station's exposure to air during the ebb tide and sediment composition likely provides the appropriate habitat for granulated ark shell species. Analysis of the number of different species showed that 8 benthos species were found to be distributed at St.1, 18 species at St.2, and 13 species at St.3. Among three stations, the highest Ignition Loss (IL), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) values were obtained from the sediment at St.2. The analysis of pore water from St.2 also showed the highest values of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), ammonia ($NH_4^+$), Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$). These results are related to the fact that species dominance and richness is the highest in St.2.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.403-416
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• 2016

Mineral composition and content of 22 Korean Dancheong pigment products were obtained by Rietveld quantitative analysis. Jubosa, Hwang, Seokrok, Seokcheong and Hobun consist of pure cinnabar, orpiment, malachite, azurite and calcite (or aragonite), respectively. Whereas Seokganju, Hwangto, Noerok, Lapis lazuli, Baekto and Cockie hobun mainly consist of hematite, goethite, celadonite, lazurite, kaolin mineral and portlandite, respectively. And they all consist of soil minerals (quartz, feldspar, sericite and vermiculite) and filler minerals in the industry field (calcite, gypsum and anhydrite) at a different content. Quantitative XRD proved more useful method to determined exact mineral composition and content than chemical or microscopical data. If this method utilize for specification of natural pigment product, it is considered to be applicable in restoration technology and conservation science field.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 1997

Effect of water temperature, salt and $MgCl_2$ concentration on sand ejection characteristics of short neck clam, Luditapes philippinarum was investigated. Unlike other shell fish such as red shell, arkshell and surf clam, treatment of short neck clam with sea water was evaluated not effective as sand ejection conditions. Sand ejection activity of short neck clam was shown effective at $2.5\%$ NaCl (pH 8.0) at $25^{\circ}C$. This activity was enhanced about 1.57 times when 50 mM $MgCl_2$ were added to the above mentioned conditions. But the extent of sand ejection activity was shown higher in the order of sea water $(3.2\%\;salt)+20mM\;MgCl_2$, sea water $(3.2\%\;salt),\;2.5\%\;NaCl+50mM\;MgCl_2$, treatments. Therefore, it was suggested that habitat conditions and Mg ions could be responsible for biological activity and concominant sand ejection of short neck clam.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2013

In this research, cubic zirconia is synthesized with a refined CaO from shells as a stabilizer through Skull melting method. The proper process time and concentration are defined by Hydration reaction to produce the refined CaO after two different treatments using 0.1 mol% of HCl respectively with Cockle shell. The highest purity of CaO is reached when the shell is immersed in 1 mol% HCl. In Hydration reaction step, the pure $Ca(OH)_2$ is produced at $45^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The highest purity of CaO is measured when the $Ca(OH)_2$ is treated by heat at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The single crystals are grown through Skull melting method by adding the different contents of the refined CaO from 10 mol% to 30 mol% into $ZrO_2$. The frequency of High-frequency oscillator used for Skull melting method is 3.4 MHz. The descending speed of the single crystal is 3 mm/hour. The grown length of the single crystal is 4 cm. As a result of this study, 15 mol% of CaO has the best crystallinity.