• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2001

In this work, the effect of NE plasma treatment generated by radio-frequency was investigated in acid-base surface values, ion adsorption characteristics, and surface free energies of carbon blacks. As the results, it was clearly found that the obvious improvement of the treatment is in the London dispersive component (${\gamma}s^L$) of surface free energy of carbon blacks. Also both electron-acceptor ( ${\gamma}s^+$) and -donor (${\gamma}s^-$) parameters for the specific component (${\gamma}s^{sp}$) were also increased with increasing the treatment time, resulting in increasing the surface functional groups of the carbon blacks studied, together with a consequence of the increases of acidic and basic surface functional groups, ion exchange, zeta potential, and ion mobility.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

Plasma treatment is frequently used to increase surface functionality and surface activity. It enables to improve various surface properties such as catalytic selectivity, printability, and interfacial adhesion between various materials. Surface or the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is exposed under an atmospheric pressure plasma torch (APPT), generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and the treated surfaces are systemically investigated. Argon, air, and oxygen are used as a processing gas. Properties of the treated EVA surfaces are investigated by the zeta-potential measurements and surface free energies. It is shown that the plasma treatment leads to a drastic increase of surface functional groups of EVA, as the increase of its adhesion energy ($G_{IC}$). Therefore, it is concluded that the APPT process is an effective means to improve adhesion of EVA and polyurethane (PU).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.620-626
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating the recognition and attitude of inpatients for the purpose of facilitating the implementation of the home health care program in relation to the opening of the Home Care Department in P University Hospital in Pusan. Method: Data were collected from the questionnaires returned by 293 patients, who were admitted at P University Hospital. from May 1 to May 15, 2001 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test. Results: In regard to the previous information about the home health care program, 55.6% of the inpatients heard about the name through the advertisement in the hospital. the mass communication, and from acquaintances. The percentage of right answers regarding the knowledge of home health care program was 43.9%. In regard to the acceptance of the home health care program, 97.1 % of patients agreed with the implementation of the home care program. The reasons for acceptance were: the maintenance of the continuity of care, the alleviation of the family burden of time. Conclusion: For the stabilization and successful implementation of a home health care system, it should be accompanied not only by advertisement but also education for patients about the home health care program, and a post-evaluative study after the implementation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.286-298
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to suggest the need for drug prevention program in primary school and to provide basic data for preventing the youth from their drug abuse. A total of 680 students of primary school in Pusan were selected to answer this questionnair. The data was collected from July 1 to July 15, 1994. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1) The attitude about drugs of primary school students was desirable. By groups, girl students showed more desirable attitude than boy students. 2) 5.9% of subjects had smoking experience, and for the motives of smoking 77.5% of them, the largest numbers, was with curiosity. 3) 39.8% of subjects had experienced alcohol use, and for the motives alcohol use 50.5% of them, the largest numbers, was with curiosity. 4) 1.8% of subjects had experienced inhalants (gas, butane gas), and for the motives of inhalants use 58.4% of them, the largest numbers, was also with curiosity. 5) The rates of smoking, alcohol use and inhalants use were higher in boy students than girl students. 6) The attitude points about drugs in case of smoking, alcohol use and inhalants use were lower than the points in case of not using them. 7) Knowledge level about .drugs of subjects was appeared poor. 8) For the need of drug education 65.9% of subjects responded 'necessary', and they responded most suitable educator as school nurse. 9) The students had received drug education from school in 38.2%, from their parents in 8% and from mass media in 63.5%.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the status of care-giving for the demented elderly and to find out the need of community in-house care services-day care services, short-term care services, home help services, and home care services. Method: It analyzed the data of 186 old people having dementia, and caregivers. Data were collected for five days, in September 2002. Results: The caregivers were mostly women and the burden for the care giving was high (87.5%). They used community care services, that is, day care services (26.5%), home care services (21.6%), home help services 00.8%), short-term care services (6.2%). Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for day care services. Caregivers' education level was a statistically significant factor in the demand for short-term care services and home help services. Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for home care services. Conclusions: It is necessary to expand the financial aid for the active implementation of daytime protection for dementia-patients under medical treatment at home and to promote patients' recovery. It is necessary to enhance home help services and home care services, and to establish many day care centers and short term care centers. Through this, it will prevent caregivers from becoming burnt out due to the burden of care giving.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-160
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of the lived experience by poor elderly people. The research question was 'What is the structure of the lived experience of life of a poor elderly people.' The sample consisted of 21 single poor elderly persons in Pusan. The unstructured interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using the Van Kaam method. This study was 368 responses which yielded of descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The result generated 74 common elements, 18 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 5 identifications of the structural definition. The structural definitions and hypothetical definitions were as follows; 1. physical discomfort ; complaints of severe pain ; dysfunction of physical organs 2. emotional cognition ; despair ; resignation ; attitude toward death 3. support system ; interaction with family ; thinking about God ; economical difficulties ; expectancy of social services ; opinions about health service ; leisure ; interaction with neighborhood ; dissatisfaction due to inadequate environment 4. past reminiscence ; negative reminiscence of one's past ; past regret ; positive reminiscence of one's past 5. desire ; desire of unrealization life ; self satisfaction The significance of this study for nursing are; Comprehension of the lived experience of client and identification' of nursing approach method concerning the lifestyle of client.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2002

Objectives : To identify the risk factors of dementia among the elderly in a large city. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2001, with potential participants selected by stratified two stage cluster sampling of the elderly population of Keumgog dong, Busan. A total of 452 elderly people aged 65 years and over, underwent a two phase diagnostic procedure. Mini-mental State Examination-Korean (MMSE-K) and Samsung Dementia Questionnaire were used for the 1st stage, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), the Bartel ADL, and IADL Index, the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS), the Modified Hatchinski Ischemic Scale (MHIS), and other laboratory tests were used for the 2nd stage. Results : Of the 446 participants finally chosen, 45 were confirmed with dementia, and 363 as normal, with the rests not confirmed with dementia or as normal, were excluded from the analysis. According to the logistic regression analysis, the risk of dementia was significantly higher In: people aged 80 and above (OR=4.36, 95% CI=1.97-9.62), illiterate (OR=3.58, 95% CI=1.71-7.46), who had a history of strokes (OR=6.35, 95% CI=2.71-14.87), or who had 3 history of hyperlipidemia (OR=4.74, 95% CI=1.65-13.61), compared to their counterparts. Conclusions : These results suggest that efforts to prevent strokes and hyperlipidemia can significantly decrease the risk of dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1068-1076
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• 1997

This study was carried out to elucidate the utility of fusant for shortening the ripening time of imitation processed cheese. L. bulgaricus exhibited the highest protease and lactase activity and L. helveticus revealed the highest lipase activity. Fusant was shown to be high in the activity of protease and lactase. The total volatile free fatty acid produced by the cheese treated with L. helveticus was markedly increased after four ripening days and was gently increased after nine ripening days. However, L. bulgaricus significantly increased the total volatile free fatty acid between four and nine ripening days. In the case of fusant, the amount of total volatile free fatty acid was observed to increase at a constant rate relative to the ripening time. In free fatty acid production at different ripening times, L. bulfaricus generated caproic acid and caprilic acid abundantly while it produced a poor quantity of capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid. In the cheese sample treated with L. helveticus, the amount of caproic acid and capylic acid was on increase as the ripening time increased. The amount of caproic acid and caprylic acid produced by fusant was less than that produced by the other two starters. In the panel sensory evaluation, the flavor intensity and preference increased as the ripening time increased. The cheese sample treated with fusant showed the highest flavor intensity at 7 days, whereas cheese treated with L. helveticus exhibited the highest flavor intensity at 15 or 30 days. The cheese treated with L. helveticus showed the highest preference at 7 days, but cheese treated with fusant exhibited the highest preference at 30 days.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2021

In the power ultrasound fields, the flange position for fixing the transducer is an important factor influencing on electro-mechanical efficiency of the transducer. We suggested a practical method that can determine the installation position of the flange for different resonance modes of the bolt-clamped type Langevin ultrasonic transducer. A semicircular wedge-shaped jig was manufactured and moved along the lateral surface of the transducer. The vibration characteristics were examined after a constant pressure was applied to the semicircular wedge-shaped jig. By observing the change of the input admittance of the transducer depending on the position of the pressure application, the optimum position for the flange installation could be determined. The resonant modes of the transducer were calculated by a Mason's equivalent circuit, and the particle velocity distribution for each resonance mode was calculated by a transmission line model. Since the optimum positions determined from an experimental result show a good correspondence with the node positions of the vibration modes calculated by the transmission line model, the validity of the suggested method was verified.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2022

In order to overcome the limitation of conventional nanoparticle dispersion methods such as sonicator or homogenizer, a filtration method using an ultrasonic atomization effect and cyclones was proposed in this study. A 0.5 wt% suspension was made with Al₂O₃ powder with an average diameter of 250 nm. The suspension was filtered by the proposed method after pre-dispersing using a sonicator and a homogenizer, respectively. As the result, in the case of the suspension after pre-dispersing with a sonicator, the particle size distribution of the filtered suspension started showing up a single normal distribution indicating the mode of the average diameter only after the 3rd cyclone process. On the other hand, in the case of the suspension with the homogenizer pre-dispersion, similar results appeared from the 2nd cyclone process. Filtration of various types of nanoparticles is expected to be possible by adjusting ultrasonic atomization frequency and manipulating the design of the cyclone.