• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2017

전 세계적으로 기후변화, 인구증가, 도시화에 따른 물, 에너지, 식량 등 필수 자원의 수요량 증가로 인한 수급 불균형으로 글로벌 자원안보 위기가 대두되고 있다. 특히, 국내의 경우 경제성장로 인한 중산층 증가와 도시 인구 팽창에 따른 물, 에너지, 식량 등 필수 자원에 대한 수요 증가로 인해 유한한 자원에 대한 대응책이 시급한 실정이다. 또한 국내 자원의 대외 의존성이 높아 국제 자원 시장에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 물-에너지-식량의 연계를 통한 자립적 자원확보가 필요하다. 국내에서도 수자원 자체만의 기존 기술 한계를 극복하기 위한 물-에너지, 물-식량 연계신기술 개발과 지속가능한 활용방안이 필요한 실정으로 현재 미국, 일본, 유럽 등 주요 선진국을 중심으로 물관리와 연계한 에너지의 효율화 및 수자원이 갖는 에너지의 회수와 적극적 활용이 추진되고 있다. 이를 반영하여, 국내의 경우 독립적으로 구분되는 이수, 치수, 물순환 건전화 등 주요 물관리 이슈에 대하여 에너지, 식량 분야를 연계한 통합적이고 효율적인 지속가능 방안제시가 필요하다. 이를 위해 자원안보의 선제적 대응을 위한 구체적이고 실질적인 물-에너지-식량의 연계 기술이 필요하며, 국내 실정에 적합한 기술의 도입이 필요하다. 즉 (1) WEF 데이터공유 및 범정부적 의사결정을 위한 다부처 협업체계 구축을 위한 Bigdata기반 부처간 데이터베이스 구축 및 공유 (2) 기후변화 적응 자원연계 솔루션 개발 및 넥서스 영향평가 툴 개발을 위한 자원 효율성 증대를 위한 연계 기술 고도화 (3) 국내(미래넥서스시티 versus 지자체자립형넥서스마을), 해외 on-demand형의 미래자원관리 패키지기술 실증을 위한 국내외 Testbed구축 및 운영 (4) 기술의 실현을 위한 제도, 정책의 개선 및 국민 공감대 형성을 위한 WEF 넥서스 거버넌스 수립 및 개선으로 구분할 수 있다. 이를 통해, 물-에너지-식량 분야 상호 연계를 통한 분야별 "생산-가공-유통처리" 효율 30% 개선, 20C SOC 시설산업기반에서 21C 사회 인프라 국민 서비스 산업으로 전환을 통한 국가 신산업기반 구축, 4차 산업혁명의 Data Technology 분야에서 세계 최초의 공공기반 WEF 연계 패키지 기술 개발 들이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

Housing issues such as mushrooming slums remain as chronic in most developing countries. Due to the state's restrained capacity, the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches have been increasingly inevitable and vital for addressing the housing issues. However, there are still two challenges: securing good quality with economic efficiency, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aims at doing an architectural experiment by developing and educating the production of eco-friendly interlocking stabilized soil bricks (ISSB) by employing vernacular materials and technologies for housing-vulnerable communities in Indonesia. In collaboration with a local architectural NGO, the study features a co-creation workshop in which 40 evicted households participate in the whole process. Soil analysis, mixed design, compression tests, and economic analysis are carried out. This paper illustrates that ISSB also has a high potential as an alternative to a burned brick or a cement block. The application of ISSB to self-help housing is expected to have socioeconomic and environmental effects, thereby facilitating the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches and contributing to addressing the housing challenges in Indonesia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 2018

This study aims to propose management strategies of ventilation paths for improving urban thermal environments. For this purpose, Gimhae-si in Gyeongsangnamdo was selected as a study area. We analyzed hot spots and cool spots in Gimhae by using Landsat 8 satellite image data and spatial statistical analysis, and finally derived the vulnerable areas to thermal environment. In addition, the characteristics of ventilation paths including wind direction and wind speed were analyzed by using data of the wind resource map provided by Korea Meteorological Administration. As a result, it was found that a lot of hot spots were similar to those with weak wind such as Jinyoung-eup, Jillye-myeon, Juchon-myeon and the downtown area. Based on the analysis, management strategies of ventilation paths in Gimhye were presented as follows. Jinyoung-eup and Jillye-myeon with hot spot areas and week wind areas have a strong possibility that hot spot areas will be extended and strengthened, because industrial areas are being built. Hence, climate-friendly urban and architectural plans considering ventilation paths is required in these areas. In Juchon-myeon, where industrial complexes and agricultural complexes are located, climate-friendly plans are also required because high-rise apartment complexes and an urban development zone are planned, which may induce worse thermal environment in the future. It is expected that a planning of securing and enlarging ventilation paths will be established for climate-friendly urban management. and further the results will be utilized in urban renewal and environmental planning as well as urban basic plans. In addition, we expect that the results can be applied as basic data for climate change adaptation plan and the evaluation system for climate-friendly urban development of Gimhye.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

Global warming becomes a serious issue that poses subsidiary issues like a sea level rise or a capricious climate over the world. Because of severe heat-wave of the summer in Korea in 2016, a big attention has been focused on urban heat island since then. Not just about heat-wave itself, many researches have been concentrated on how to adapt in this trendy warming climate and weather in a small scope. A big part of existing studies is mitigating "Urban Heat Island effect" and that is because of huge impervious surface in urban area where highly populated areas do diverse activities. It is a serious problem that this thermal context has a high possibility causing mortality by heat vulnerability. However, there have been many articles of a green infrastructures' cooling impact in summer. This research pays attention to measure cooling effect of a street planting considering urban canyon and type of green infrastructures in neighborhood scale. This quantitative approach was proceeded by ENVI-met simulation with a spatial scope of a commercial block in Seoul, Korea. We found the dense double-row planting is more sensitive to change in temperature than that of the single-row. Among the double-row planting scenarios, shrubs which have narrow space between the plant and the land surface were found to store heat inside during the daytime and prevent emitting heat so as to have a higher temperature at night. The quantifying an amount of vegetated spaces' cooling effect research is expected to contribute to a study of the cost and benefit for the planting scenarios' assessment in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-73
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• 2014

Cities in Korea have rapidly urbanized and they are not well prepared for natural disasters which have been increased by climate change. In particular, they often struggle with urban flooding. Recently, green infrastructure has been emphasized as a critical strategy for flood mitigation in developed countries due to its capability to infiltrate water into the ground, provide the ability to absorb and store rainfall, and contribute to mitigating floods. However, in Korea, green infrastructure planning only focuses on esthetic functions or accessibility, and does not think how other functions such as flood mitigation, can be effectively realized. Based on this, we address this critical gap by suggesting the new green infrastructure planning framework for improving urban water cycle and maximizing flood mitigation capacity. This framework includes flood vulnerability assessment for identifying flood risk area and deciding suitable locations for green infrastructure. We propose the use of the combination of frequency ratio model and GIS for flood vulnerability assessment. The framework also includes the selection process of green infrastructure practices under local conditions such as geography, flood experience and finance. Finally, we applied this planning framework to the case study area, namely YeonJe-gu an Nam-gu in Busan. We expect this framework will be incorporated into green infrastructure spatial planning to provide effective decision making process regarding location and design of green infrastructure.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_3
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• pp.1985-1999
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to apply urban heat island reduction techniques(green roof, cool roof, and cool pavements using heat insulation paint or blocks) recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to our study area and determine their actual effects through a comparative analysis between land cover objects. To this end, the area of Mugye-ri, Jangyu-myeon, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do was selected as a study area, and measurements were taken using a drone DJI Matrice 300 RTK, which was equipped with a thermal infrared sensor FLIR Vue Pro R and a visible spectrum sensor H20T 1/2.3" CMOS, 12 MP. A total of nine heat maps, land cover objects (711) as a control group, and heat island reduction technique-applied land covering objects (180) were extracted every 1 hour and 30 minutes from 7:15 am to 7:15 pm on July 27. After calculating the effect values for each of the 180 objects extracted, the effects of each technique were integrated. Through the analysis based on daytime hours, the effect of reducing heat islands was found to be 4.71℃ for cool roof; 3.40℃ for green roof; and 0.43℃ and -0.85℃ for cool pavements using heat insulation paint and blocks, respectively. Comparing the effect by time period, it was found that the heat island reduction effect of the techniques was highest at 13:00, which is near the culmination hour, on the imaging date. Between 13:00 and 14:30, the efficiency of temperature reduction changed, with -8.19℃ for cool roof, -5.56℃ for green roof, and -1.78℃ and -1.57℃ for cool pavements using heat insulation paint and blocks, respectively. This study was a case study that verified the effects of urban heat island reduction techniques through the use of high-resolution images taken with drones. In the future, it is considered that it will be possible to present case studies that directly utilize micro-satellites with high-precision spatial resolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

Damage of both life and property has been increased by natural disaster under the influence of climate change, thus many natural disaster vulnerability researches have been carried out to make adaptation policy and impact assessment of climate change recently. Their method for assessing vulnerability usually have used proxy variables for making vulnerability indices. However, because their results were too qualitative and relative it tends to be hard to make absolute comparison and establish standard of prevention or adaptation ability. Accordingly, this study aimed at quantifying natural disaster vulnerability using emergy through recognizing disaster as the relations between order and disorder by system approach. As a result, ordering energy (4.66E+22 sej/yr) and ordered structure (1.98E+22 sej) of Busan in 2003 and disordering energy (7.80E+18 sej), disordered parts (4.55E+20 sej) and rebuilding energy (3.87E+20 sej) by typhoon Maemi were analysed. And then, this was compared with Hurricane Andrew in Dade County. Through this comparison, if the prevention ability of Busan increases, disordered parts can be reduced against the more powerful disordering energy. Also, prevention for additional damages by disaster is needed to practical rebuilding action. In conclusion, it was able to figure out the impact of disaster quantitatively by natural systems and urban systems showing as common measure. Based on this study and further research to make effective prevention for how much prevention ability should be increased will contribute to producing the scientific data for disaster management policy in future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2016

Recently, the frequency of extreme rainfall event has increased due to climate change and impermeable area also has increased due to rapid urbanization. Therefore, we ought to prepare countermeasures for flood reduction to reduce the damage. To consider climate change, the frequency based rainfall was calculated according to the aimed period(reference : 1971~2010, Target period I : 2011~2040, Target period II : 2041~2070, Target period III : 2071~2100) and the flood discharge was also calculated by climate change using HEC-HMS model. Also, the flood elevation was calculated by each alternative through HEC-RAS model, setting 5 sizes of drainage pumps and reservoirs respectively. The flood map was constructed using topographical data and flood elevation, and the economic analysis was conducted for reduction of flood damage using Multi dimension - Flood Damage Analysis, MD-FDA. As a result of the analysis on the flood control effect, a head of drainage pump was reduced by 0.06m up to 0.44m while it was reduced by 0.01m up to 1.86m in the case of a detention pond. The flooded area shrunk by up to 32.64% from 0.3% and inundation depth also dropped. As a result of a comparison of the Benefit/Cost index estimated by the economic analysis, detention pond E in period I and pump D in period II and III were deemed appropriate as an alternative for climate change. The results are expected to be used as good practices when implementing the flood control works considering climate change.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.238-250
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• 2020

This study investigated the long-term measures to minimize flood damage in the event of flooding in urban areas. The relationship between urban spatial factors and the impact of flood damage was analyzed, focusing on non-structural measures. The urban spatial factors were categorized into three parts: open space, disaster prevention facilities, and urbanization sectors. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how urban spatial factors influence flood damage. As a result of the analysis, the crucial factors, such as the reduced green areas and parks included in the open space sectors, resulted in an increased flood damage potential. The posterior factors, such as the population density and GRDP included in the urbanization sector concurrently led to an increase in the flood damage potential. Therefore, to better adapt to climate change, it is necessary to establish urban spatial plans strategically, such as green areas and parks. Meanwhile, the population density and GRDP are also the main factors causing flood damage. Therefore, when used appropriately in terms of resilience, it will serve as adaptations and recovery.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.393-407
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• 2012

This study suggests the results of temporal and spatial variations for rainfall data in the Korean Peninsula. We got the index of the rainfall amount, frequency and extreme indices from 65 weather stations. The results could be easily understood by drawing the graph, and the Mann-Kendall trend analysis was also used to determine the tendency (up & downward/no trend) of rainfall and temperature where the trend could not be clear. Moreover, by using the FARD, frequency probability rainfalls could be calculated for 100 and 200 years and then compared each other value through the moment method, maximum likelihood method and probability weighted moments. The Average Rainfall Index (ARI) which is meant comprehensive rainfalls risk for the flood could be obtained from calculating an arithmetic mean of the RI for Amount (RIA), RI for Extreme (RIE), and RI for Frequency (RIF) and as well as the characteristics of rainfalls have been mainly classified into Amount, Extremes, and Frequency. As a result, these each Average Rainfall Indices could be increased respectively into 22.3%, 26.2%, and 5.1% for a recent decade. Since this study showed the recent climate change trend in detail, it will be useful data for the research of climate change adaptation.