• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06b
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 연속적인 입력화상에서 움직임을 나타내는 객체(Object)를 적은 연산량을 사용하여 추출해 내는 알고리즘을 소개한다. 본 알고리즘은 두 가지 단계로 이루어진다. 첫번째 단계로, 이전의 영상과 현재의 영상을 비교하여 움직임의 변화를 보이는 영역을 찾는다. 이 단계에서는 영상을 비교하여 움직임을 추출하기 위하여 창조영상과 현재의 영상, 그리고 영상의 데이터로서 edge정보를 사용한다. 두 번째 단계에서는, 첫번째 단계에서 움직임으로 판단된 Object mask(변화를 가지는 영역)를 가지고 background 제거 및 Object의 정확한 shape을 만들기 위한 post-processing과정을 가지게 된다. 이 두 단계를 거친 후 입력영상에서 background를 떼어낸 최종적인 Object의 shape정보가 추출되게 된다. 이 알고리즘은 object를 기반으로 부호화함으로써 데이터의 압축률을 극대화 시키는 MPEG-4뿐만 아니라, video database, 무선 통신등과 같은 다양한 범위의 application에 적절하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.485-502
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• 2019

Theoretical statistics is a calculus based course. However, there are limitations to learn theoretical statistics when students do not know enough calculus techniques. Mathematical softwares (computer algebra systems) that enable calculus manipulations help students understand statistical concepts, by avoiding the difficulties of calculus. In this paper, we introduce mathematical software such as Maxima and Wolfram Alpha. To foster statistical concepts in theoretical statistics education, we present three examples that consist of mathematical derivations using wxMaxima and statistical simulations using R.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-32
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• 2005

Hilbert's rational ambition to establish consistency in Number theory and mathematics in general was frustrated by the fact that the statement itself claiming consistency is undecidable within its formal system by $G\ddot{o}del's$ second theorem. Hilbert's optimism that a mathematician should not say "Ignorabimus" ("We don't know") in any mathematical problem also collapses, due to the presence of a undecidable statement that is neither provable nor refutable. The failure of his program receives more shock, because his system excludes any ambiguity and is based on only mechanical operations concerning signs and strings of signs. Above all, $G\ddot{o}del's$ theorem demonstrates the limits of formalization. Now, the notion of provability in the dimension of syntax comes to have priority over that of semantic truth in mathematics. In spite of his failure, the notion of algorithm(mechanical processe) made a direct contribution to the emergence of programming languages. Consequently, we believe that his program is failure, but a great one.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a new function embedding method that can measure mathematical projections of probability amplitude, probability, average expectation and matrix elements of stationary-state unit matrix at all control operation points of quantum gates. The function embedding method in this paper is to embed orthogonal normalization condition of probability amplitude for each control operating point into a binary scalar operator by using Dirac symbol and Kronecker delta symbol. Such a function embedding method is a very effective means of controlling the arithmetic power function of a unitary gate in a unitary transformation which expresses a quantum gate function as a tensor product of a single quantum. We present the results of evolutionary operation and projective measurement when we apply the proposed function embedding method to the ternary 2-qutrit cNOT gate and compare it with the existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

This study investigated the mathematical notation used today in terms of skip ping the parenthesis. At first we have studied the elementary and secondary curriculum content related to omitted rules. As a result, it is difficult to find explicit evidence to answer that question 'What is the calculation of the $48{\div}2(9+3)$?'. In order to inquire the notation fundamentally, we checked the characteristics on prefix, infix and postfix, and looked into the advantages and disadvantages on infix. At the same time we illuminated the development of mathematical notation from the point of view of skipping the parenthesis. From this investigation, we could check that this interpretation was smooth in the point of view that skipping the parentheses are the image of the function. Through this we proposed some teaching methods including 'teaching mathematical notation based on historic genetic principle', 'reproduction of efforts to overcome the disadvantages of infix and understand the context to choose infix', 'finding the omitted parentheses to identify the fundamental formula' and 'specifying the viewpoint that skipping the multiplication notation can be considered as an image of the function'.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

In this letter, another analytical approach for the opportunistic amplify-and-forward (OAF) relay systems is proposed over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on set-operation at the selected relay node, its selection probability as the best relay is derived and then, the probability density function (PDF) of the received instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is expressed as a more tractable form in which the number of summations and the length of each summation are specified. Then, the average error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity are obtained as approximated closed-forms. Simulation results are finally presented to validate that the proposed analytical expressions can be a unified frame work covering all Rayleigh fading channel conditions. Furthermore, it is confirmed that OAF schemes can outperform the other non-selective schemes on the average error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.3 s.106
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

A window-based image processing is an elementary part of image processing area. Because window-based image processing is computationally intensive and data intensive, it is hard to perform ail of the operations of a window-based image processing in real-time by using a software program on general-purpose computers. This paper proposes a parallel hardware architecture that can perform a window-based image processing in real-time using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array). A dynamic threshold circuit and a local histogram equalization circuit of the proposed architecture are designed using VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and implemented with an FPGA. The performances of both implementations are measured.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2005

현재의 세계적인 트렌드인 HCI(Human Computer Interaction)에서 사용자의 기호나 의견 등을 반영하는 인터렉티브 미디어(Interactive Media)는 빠질 수 없는 주제다. 본 연구팀은 모바일 단말환경에서 사용자의 인터렉션을 통한 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 IMS(Interactive Media System)를 설계하고, 이를 PDA 상에 구현하였다. 기존의 연구들이 보여주는 링크의 형태로만 미디어를 지원하는 방식은 CPU 등의 자원이 부족한 모바일 환경에서는 부담이 될 수 있다. IMS 는 이를 벗어나 내부적으로 미디어 오브젝트를 지원하는 방식을 사용하여 모바일 환경에 적합하게 연산속도를 개선하고 있다. 또한 이러한 방식으로 인하여 생길 수 있는 문제인 미디어 포맷의 지원에 대한 제약을 극복하기 위해 확장성 있는 구조로 설계되어 이미지와 텍스트, 백터그래픽 만을 제공하던 단순한 시스템에서 H.264 와 MPEG4 AAC 와 같은 여러 모듈들이 더해졌다. 또한 OpenGL 모듈이 추가되고 3D 오브젝트들이 새롭게 정의됨으로써 IMS 는 IML 을 통해 마크업 언어차원에서 3D 그래픽을 지원할 수 있게 되었고 2D 와 3D 를 함깨 사용한 다양한 비쥬얼 구성이 가능하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 IMS 의 확장성 있는 구조와 OpenGL 을 추가하고 새로운 미디어 오브젝트를 정의하는 과정 등을 다루며 언급한 내용을 자세히 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2015

기타를 처음 접할 때 겪는 어려움은 크게 운지법과 곡에 대한 이해다. 연주자마다 곡의 연주 방법이 상이하기 때문에 한 곡에 대해서도 다양한 타브 악보가 존재한다. 이 논문은 타브 악보를 인식하여 연주를 수행하는 휴대 가능한 시스템 설계를 제안한다. 기 연구된 악보 인식은 5선 기반의 악보를 대상으로 하였으며 수평 히스토그램을 사용하여 5선을 제거 한 뒤 나타나는 기호들을 인식했다. 본 논문에서는 6선인 타브 악보 인식 및 연주 시스템을 휴대 기기에서도 사용 가능하게 설계하여 많은 연산 양이 요구되는 선 제거 과정을 거치지 않는다. 템플릿 매칭 기법으로 전체 악보에서 타브 악보의 영역을 탐색하고, 탐지된 영역 안에서 선의 시작점을 탐색한다. 선의 시작부터 끝까지 가상 블록을 사용하여 선에 존재하는 공백을 탐지하고, 공백의 분할을 이용해 프렛을 분할하며, 프렛 인식은 프로토타입 기반 분류기를 이용하여 97.0%의 인식률을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

This paper describes a method to insert and detect watermark or fingerprint to/from videos in low-computing powered system as Android platforms. Fingerprint, which is a kind of watermark, has features such as patterns that contain information. The inserting frame numbers in video-stream and the positions in a picture were chosen from the encrypted user ID to insert the watermarks. The used encrypt algorithm is the HIGHT algorithm which was developed for low-computing powered systems by KISA(Korean Internet & Security Agency). Subtracting an inferred picture from the previous picture was used to extract a candidate feature. Median filtering was used to get rid of noise and stabilize the candidate feature. New algorithm that reduces calculating steps of the median filtering was developed and applied for low-specification systems. The stabilized features were accumulated over 150 times and calculated by correlation coefficient method to recognize the patterns. We examined 22 videos and successfully detected the patterns from 21 videos. The correlation coefficient r values that we examined through this study exceeded over 0.79 more than the threshold (0.7).