• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1996

MAP kinases are a family of serine/threonine specific protein kinases becoming activated in response to different proliferative stimuli by phosphorylation at both threonine and tyrosine residue. Present study shows that MAP kinase was purified from P388 murine leukema cells by SP sephadex C-50, phenyl superose and Mono Q column chromatography and identified with anti-ERKl antibody by western blotting. Immnublotting analysis to the crude extract of P388 cell lysate shows 44 kD and other minor bands but partial purified fraction eluted from phenyl supherose column have 44kD and 66 kD isoform. Subcloned GST-fusion protein from N-terminal of $p56^{kk}$ was tested as a substrate for MAP kinase phosphorylation. It was showed that the wild type and mutant forms(S42A) were fully phosporylated by purified MAP kinase fraction as com-pare with the other mutant form(S59A). This finding suggest that those GST-fusion proteins may be used as substrate for the in vitro test of MAP kinase.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to study the personality traits of Sasang constitutions by comparing the profiles of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Methods : A total of 110 healthy people (20 to 40 years old), except for 2 Taeyangin (TY type), were analyzed; 45 Taeeumin (TE type), 32 Soyangin (SY type), and 31 Soeumin (SE type). A Sasang constitutional medicine specialist diagnosed the Sasang constitution after analyzing the result of a Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD), the external appearance, temperament and symptoms. The dimensions of TCI and EPQ were compared among the different Sasang constitutions, using an analysis of variance, and correlations between TCI and EPQ were analyzed by a Pearson correlation method. Results : Among the four temperament dimensions of TCI, SY type showed a significantly higher score than the SE type in Novelty Seeking. SE type showed significantly higher score than TE and SY type in Harm Avoidance. SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Reward Dependence. TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Persistence. There were no significant differences in the character dimensions of Self-directness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. Among the seven dimensions of EPQ, TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Extraversion. SE type showed significantly higher score than SY type in Lie. SY type showed significantly higher score than TE and SE type in Impulsiveness. Conclusions : The results demonstrated that there are some significant differences of personality traits among Sasang constitutions. This could help diagnose and understand each Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.139
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• pp.47-80
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• 2016

The main aim of this article is to thoroughly illuminate the personality characteristic of "honesty (Redlichkeit)" that Nietzsche presents as one of the major 'virtues' in the sense of 'excelences of character', calling it "the Youngest Virtue". Clearly distinguished from the 'honesty' that conventional morality regards as the highest virtue, this particular trait or inclination Nietzsche has in mind is an affective disposition with a highly complicated structure, which is closely related to 'truth' and 'knowledge'. In this paper, I first analyze what "honesty" (as a Nietzschean excellence of character) consists of. Afterwards, I seek to answer what the evaluative status of the quality in Nietzsche's theory of 'value' understood as what ought to be possessed or pursued, especially, the question of whether or not the disposition is treated as an 'intrinsic' value. Finally and most importantly, I explore the reasons why Nietzsche confers the aforementioned normative significance upon the excellence at issue.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.124-134
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the MBTI personality type, emotional intelligence, and stress coping strategies of nursing students and to examine the influence of these factors on their level of college adjustment.The subjects were 267 nursing students who are located in Chonnam city. The survey was conducted from March 6th to March 31st, 2017. The level of college adjustment showed a close correlation with the emotional intelligence(r=.29, p<.001) and stress coping strategies(r=.27, p<.001), and the level of MBTI personality type was not statistically insignificant in the nursing students. It was found that the effect of the emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies on the college life adjustment was 17.5%(F=8.03, p<.001). According to the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a systematic management program to integrate the educational curriculum and extra-curricular activities(in order to enhance the) emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies in nursing students. In addition, the type of psychological function and psychological temperament of the MBTI personality type were found not to have influenced the level of college adaptation of the nursing students and this should be confirmedin a large scale sample.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2012

Objectives : Novelty seeking (NS) represents a dopaminergically modulated tendency toward frequent exploratory activity. Considering the reports showing the relationship between exploratory activity and amygdalar function and structure, and the fact that amygdala is one of the key structures that constitute the dopaminergic pathway in the brain, amygdala might be closely related to NS tendencies. Amygdalar subregional analysis method, which has the enhanced sensitivity compared to the volumteric approach would be appropriate in investigating the subtle differences of amygdalar structures among healthy individuals. The aim of the current study was to examine whether amygdalar subregional morphometric characteristics are associated with the NS tendencies in healthy adults using the amygdalar subregional analysis method. Methods : Twenty-six healthy adults (12 males, 14 females ; mean age $29.8{\pm}6.2$ years) were screened for eligibility. All subjects completed the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and underwent high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging. Individuals were divided into 2 groups according to NS scores of the TCI. Results : Individuals of the high NS group had significantly larger laterobasal subregions in right amygdala, after adjustment with the brain parenchymal volumes. Sensitivity analyses for each potential confounding factor such as age, education years and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores demonstrated consistent results. Conclusions : This study suggests that NS differences are associated with the laterobasal subregion of the amygdala.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the drinking status and to identify the impacts of depression, temperament, characteristic on drinking status in the vocational high school students. Methods: By using stratified sampling, 416 vocational high school students in Gangwon Do were selected and surveyed through self -administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 using $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: 88% of students had experienced of drinking. Depression was observed 59.1% of students from light to severe depression score. There was a positive correlation among drinking, the school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and persistence. Also, there was a negative correlation among drinking, economic status, harm avoidance. The significant predictors of drinking were school records, depression, novelty seeking and persistence. Conclusion: These results suggest that vocational high school students who have the factors identified in this study are regarded as having the potential to drink. The results of this study can provide the information for the development of the health promotion program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impact of depression, temperament, and characteristics of smoking experience on rural adolescents. Method: A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was done of 310 rural high school students. Using SPSS 12.0, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The smoking rate of rural high school students was higher than that of the national rate for this age group. Serious depression was observed in the rural high school students. There was a positive correlation among smoking experience, school records, novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were type of school, satisfaction with school, school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. These factors accounted for 38.9% of variances in the smoking experience of rural adolescents. Conclusion: These results suggest that adolescents who exhibit factors identified in this study are regarded as having the potential to smoke, and this result proposes the basis for program development for the prevention of smoking and smoking cessation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.17-30
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children's temperament, emotional intelligence, social behavior and mother's personality traits, and management strategy of peer relations on peer acceptance. Subjects were 412 5-years-old children and their mothers in Busan. The children responded to the Peer Nomination Inventory to assess peer acceptance and their teachers completed the EAS(Emotionality, Activity, Sociability), to assess the emotional intelligence and social behavior of the children. Mothers completed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for personality traits and the Parental Involvement Checklist. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and simple and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that emotional intelligence of young children had a relatively significant effect on peer acceptance, followed by personality traits of mother's extraversion, the temperament of activity, and the management strategy of mediation-supervision. In conclusion, young children and their mother's variables have a complex, rather than simple, effect on peer acceptance of the children.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of each Soyang constitutional Exterior and Interior disease's favorable-unfavorable pattern using the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI) in a Korean adult clinical sample.Methods A total of 32 subjects(age 20-49) completed the Korean version of the TCI. A Sasang Constitutional Medicine specialist determined each subject's Sasang constitutional type based on the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis(QSCC∥) and comprehensive constitutional assessment. The participants consisting of 15 favorable pattern, 17 unfavorable pattern.Results Among the four temperament dimensions, the favorable pattern showed significantly higher scores than the unfavorable pattern in Novelty Seeking(NS) and Reward Dependence(RD). Among the three character dimensions, the unfavorable pattern showed significantly higher score than the favorable pattern subjects in Self-Directedness(SD).Conclusions Differences in temperament and character were discovered across the Soyang Constitutional disease's Exterior and Interior disease's favorable-unfavorable pattern.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the profiles of Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) and Sasang constitution in middle school students. Methods : In this study, healthy 89 students(13 to 15 years old) except for 3 Taeyangin were analyzed; 37 Soyangin, 30 Taeeumin, 22 Soeumin. The Sasang Constitutional types were determined by the results of TS-QSCD(Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis) and the seven dimensions JTCI 12-18(The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory) were compared among the different Sasang types using analysis of variance(ANOVA). Results : In the temperament dimensions, Soyangin showed significantly higher score than Taeeumin and Soeumin in Novelty Seeking(NS). Soeumin showed significantly higher score than Soyangin in Harm Avoidance(HA). Soyangin showed significantly higher score than the others in RD(Reward Dependence) (Soyangin>Soeumin>Taeeumin). In the character dimensions, Soyangin showed significantly higher score than Soeumin in SD(Self-Directness). There were no significant differences in P(Persistence), and C(cooperativeness) and ST(self-transcendence). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that there are some differences of the temperaments and characters among Sasang types and could help adolescents to understand and develope themselves.