• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 1998

Using morphometric technique, the present study was made of the kidney of rabbit embryo in the 13 days of the gestation. Their section areas of the renal tubules and the glomerular cells were compared with the those of adult rabbit, 1. In the developing renal tubule, the tubular section areas were larger than that of the adult, but the nuclear section areas of tubular calls were smaller than the adult. The microvilli of their cell surface were poorly developed, and their cytoplasm contained well developed mitochondria with euchromatic nucleus. 2. In the developing glomeruli. the nuclear section area of the cells of the parietal layer, the podocytes, and the endothelial cells were similar size, but their nuclei were larger than those of the adult. The cytopalsm of the podocytes contained well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and round mitochondria.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide the microanatomical information of the heart-kidney complex of Tegillarca granosa. The heart-kidney complex was located in the pericardial cavity between the dosal visceral mass and posterior adductor muscle. The heart composed of two atrium and one ventricle. The kidney composed of a pair of left and right. The atrium and ventricle of the heart were composed of the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium of simple epithelial layer composed of cuboidal epithelial cells that had a strong basophilic nucleus located in the center. The myocardium composed of muscle fiber bundles. The myocardium in ventricle was denser than in the atrium. The endocardium of simple epithelial layer composed of squamous epithelial cell that had a strong basophilic nucleus was located in the center. The endocardium thickness of the atrium was $6.04({\pm}2.26){\mu}m$, endocardium thickness of the atrium was $7.36({\pm}3.21){\mu}m$, and appeared to be thicker in the ventricle. The kidney composed of numerous renal tubules. The renal tubule of simple epithelial layer composed of columnar epithelial cell with nucleus located in the basal zone and a number of cytoplasmic granules. The developed striated border was the inner epidermis.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.274-280
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of 15 cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Between 2002 and 2009, of the 25 patients who had SRS for the treatment of cerebral AVM, 15 patients (6 men, 9 women) taken a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) over 12 months after SRS were included. We retrospectively evaluated the size, location, hemorrhage of nidus, angiographic changes on follow-up on the MR angiography and DSA, and clinical complications during follow-up periods. At a median follow-up of 24 months (range 12-89), complete obliteration of nidus was observed in all patients (100%) while residual draining veins was observed in 3 patients (20%). There was no clinical complication during the follow-up period except seizure in 1 patient. The mean nidus volume was 4.7cc (0.5~11.7 cc, SD 3.7 cc). The locations of nidus were in cerebral hemisphere in 11 patients, cerebellum in 2 patients, basal ganglia in 1 patient, and pons in 1 patient respectively. 9 cases were hemorrhagic, and 6 cases were non-hemorrhagic AVMs. The SRS with LINAC is a safe and effective treatment for cerebral AVMs when the follow up period is over 4 years. However, it is recommended to continue to follow up until the draining vein on arterial phase of follow up DSA disappears completely.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 1981

The ultrastructures of the pigment cells in the Asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) dorsal skin were obtained by means of electron microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The pigment cells of the epidermis consisted of the melanocytes in the germinal layer and of the melanophores distributing to the keratinocyte layer. The traits of these cells in the epidermis were as follows: A. The nuclei of the melanocytes were round or oval in shape and appeared as partly small or large infoldings of the nuclear envelope. B. Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulums and Golgi complexes were well developed in infranuclear cytoplasm. Many ribosomes were mainly distributed around the perinuclear portion. C. The melanosomes of the melanocytes were observed as a found or an oval shape and strong electron-dense or less electron-dense melanosomes were observed. D. The infoldings of the nuclear envelope in the melanophore were partly found deeper than those of the melanocyte. The cytoplasm of the melanophore filled with melanosomes caused organelles not to be observed in that. 2. The pigment cells in the dermis were composed of the xanthophores just beneath basement membrane and the melanophores in the connective tissue. The traits of these cells in the dermis were as follows: A. The xanthophores contained round or oval vesicles, and these vesicles were divided into 6 types (type I pterinosome, type II pterinosome, type III pterinosomes, type iv pterinosome, type V pterinosome, type VI pterinosome). B. Most of the nuclei of the melanophores in the dermis were elongate in shape, and a portion of the nuclear envelope was deep infolded. C. Becuase the cytoplasm was filled with the melanosomes of the same electron-density, organelles were not observed in the cytoplasm. D. Two processes of the melanophore in the dermis extended in parallel with a xanthophore and the cytoplasm in those processes were filled with the melanosomes.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2018

터리풀속(Filipendula)은 장미과(Rosaceae), 장미아과(Rosoideae)에 속하는 다년생 초본이며, 북반구 온대지역의 산지지역에 서식하며 15-20여 종이 보고되어 있고, 이 중 10여종이 한국, 중국, 일본, 타이완 등의 동아시아 지역에 분포한다. 본 연구의 목적은 DNA 염기서열 자료를 이용하여 터리풀속(Filipendula)내 종들간의 계통관계를 규명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해서 11종 29개체의 터리풀속(Filipendula)샘플과 외군인 산딸기나무속(Rubus)에 속하는 3종 5개체의 샘플을 이용하였다. 추가로 Genbank에서 3속 10종 18개의 염기서열을 다운받아 비교분석에 이용하였다. 계통연구를 위하여 엽록체에 존재하는 atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL, 5개 마커와 핵에 존재하는 ITS, 총 6개 마커의 염기서열을 생산하였다. 총 52개의 샘플에 대하여 엽록체유전체 5개 마커지역은 염기서열 길이가 3,485bp였고 핵 ITS지역은 631bp였으며, 이들을 합한 염기서열 길이는 4,116bp였다. 계통분석결과, 터리풀속(Filipendula)은 단계통군을 이루었다. F. occidentalis와 F. vulgaris가 기저분류군을 이루었고 이들은 각각의 아속에 해당한다. 그리고 나머지 종들은 모두 하나의 단계통군을 이루었다. 위의 결과들은 1961년 시미즈가 본 속을 Hypogyna아속, Filipendula아속, Ulmaria아속으로 나눈 분류시스템과 일치한다. 나아가 분자계통수에서 Ulmaria아속은 크게 4개의 subclade로 구분되었다. 먼저 subclade I에는 F. vestita, F. kiraishiensis, F. tsuguwoi, F. multijiuga, F. purpurea 등 5개 종으로 구성되었다. Subclade II는 F. ulmaria 한 종으로만 구성되었다. Subclade III에는 F. glaberrima, F. koreana, F. formosa, F.camtschatica 로 구성되었으며 subclade III에는 한국에 서식하는 3종이 포함되었다. Subclade IV에는 F. rubra, F. angustiloba, F. palmata, F. intermedia 4종으로 구성되었다. 이번연구에서는 Ulmaria아속내에 4개의 subclade가 존재함이 처음으로 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1993

We describe cytologic findings of two cases of pilomatrixoma which had been cytologically misdiagnosed as suspicious malignant and malignant lesions in 35 year-old and 22 year-old females who presented a palpable neck mass. The cytologic smears showed many basaloid cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromatism and prominent nucleoli, keratinized squamous cells with pyknotic nuclei, foreign body giant cells, and chronic inflammatory cells in necrotic back-ground. Retrospective view of this aspiration smear revealed that these findings were characteristic features of pilomatrixoma, and the evenly distributed chromatin pattern as well as the lack of nuclear pleomorphism were considered to be the differential points from malignant neoplasm. Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm which should be included in differential diagnosis if the fine needle aspiration cytologic smear of a neck mass or subcutaneous mass of any site showed these features.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

PURPOSE: Tourette's disorder (TD), which is characterized by multiple waxing and waning motor tics and one or more vocal tics, is known to be associated with abnormalities in the dopaminergic system. To testify our hypothesis that risperidone would improve tic symptoms of TD patients through the change of the dopaminergic system, we measured the dopamine transporter (DAT) densities between drug-naive children with TD and normal children, and investigated the DAT density before and after treatment with risperidone in drug-naive children with TD, using iodine-123 labelled $N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2{\beta}-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane$ ($[^{123}I]IPT$) single photon omission computed tomography (SPECT). MATERIALS and METHODS: $[^{123}I]IPT$ SPECT Imaging and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Korean version (YGTSS-K) for assessing the tic symptom severity were carried out before and after treatment with risperidone for 8 weeks in nine drug-naive children with TD. Eleven normal children also underwent SPECT imaging 2 hours after an intravenous administration of $[^{123}I]IPT$. RESULTS: Drug-naive children with TD had a significantly greater increase in the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of both basal ganglia compared with the normal children. However, no significant difference in the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia before and after treatment with risperidone in children with TD was found, although tic symptoms were significantly improved with risperidone. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that DAT densities are directly associated with the pathophysiology of TD, however, that the effect of risperidone on tic symptoms in children with TD is not attributed to the change of dopaminergic system.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.322-335
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• 2000

Purpose: For quantitative estimation of cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), we estimated the cerebral blood flow (CBF) using Lassen's nonlinearity correction algorithm and Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT images acquired with consecutive acquisition protocol. Using the values of CBF in basal and acetaBolamide (ACZ) stress states, CBF increase was calculated. Materials and Methods: In 9 normal subjects (age; $72{\pm}4$ years), brain SPECT was performed at basal and ACZ stress states consecutively after injection of 555 MBq and 1,110 MBq of Tc-99m HMPAO, respectively. Cerebellum was automatically extracted as reference region on basal SPECT image using threshold method. Assuming basal CBF of cerebellum as 55 ml/100g/min, CBF was calculated lot every pixel at basal states using Lassen's algorithm. Cerebellar blood flow at stress was estimated comparing counts of cerebellum at rest and ACZ stress and Lassen's algorithm. CBF of every pixel at ACZ stress state was calculated using Lassen's algorithm and ACZ cerebellar count. CVR was calculated by subtracting basal CBF from ACZ stress CBF for every pixel. The percent CVR was calculated by dividing CVR by basal CBF. The CBF and percentage CVR parametric images were generated. Results: The CBF and percentage CVR parametric images were obtained successfully in all the subjects. Global mean CBF were $49.6{\pm}5.5ml/100g/min\;and\;64.4{\pm}10.2ml/100g/min$ at basal and ACZ stress states, respectively. The increase of CBF at ACZ stress state was $14.7{\pm}9.6ml/100g/min$. The global mean percent CVR was 30.7% and was higher than the 13.8% calculated using count images. Conclusion: The blood flow at basal and ACZ stress states and cerebrovascular reserve were estimated using basal/ACZ Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT images and Lassen's algorithm. Using these values, parametric images for blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were generated.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.220-226
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• 1997

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is frequently associated with intracranial calcification and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The most commonly recognized central nervous system manifestations of chronic hypoparathyroidism are seizure, alteration of mental function and extrapyramidal signs. We present a case of hypoparathyroidism, demonstrating extensive intracranial calcification, not only basal ganglia, but also outside the extrapyramidal system. An 58-year-old woman presented with 30 year history of seizure and memory disturbance. The physical examination and several laboratory studies disclosed normal. However hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia with hypocalciuria and decreased parathormone level were demonstrated. Clinical symptoms and signs showed improvement after supplementary calcium and Vit $D_3$ therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.357-367
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• 2002

Purpose: While cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve could be evaluated with basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT in cerebrovascular disease, objective quantification is necessary to assess the efficacy of the revascularization. In this study we adopted the SPM method to quantify basal cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve on basal/acetazolamide SPECT in assessment of the patients who underwent bypass surgery for linternal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients ($51{\pm}15$ years) with ICA stenosis were enrolled. Tc-99m-HMPAO basal/acetazolamide perfusion SPECT was peformed before and after bypass surgery. After spatia1 and count normalization to cerebellum, basal cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were compared with 21 age-matched normal controls and postoperative changes of regional blood flow and reserve were assessed by Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Mean pixel values of each brain region were calculated using probabilistic anatomical map of lobes. Perfusion reserve was defined as the % changes after acetazolamide over basal counts. Results: Preoperative cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were significantly decreased in involved ICA territory, comparing with normal control (p<0.05). Postoperative improvement of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve was observed in grafted ICA territories, but cerebrovasculr reserve remained with significant difference with normal control. Improvement of the cerebrovascular reserve was most prominent in the superior temporal and the angular gyrus, nearest to the anastomosis sites. Conclusion: Using SPM quantification method on hasal/acetazolamide Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT, the cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve could be assessed before revascularization and so could the efficacy of the bypass surgery.