• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.49-71
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• 2021

Users who intend to utilize knowledge to actively solve given problems proceed their jobs with cross- and sequential exploration of associated knowledge related each other in terms of certain criteria, such as content relevance. A knowledge map is the diagram or taxonomy overviewing status of currently managed knowledge in a knowledge-base, and supports users' knowledge exploration based on certain relationships between knowledge. A knowledge map, therefore, must be expressed in a networked form by linking related knowledge based on certain types of relationships, and should be implemented by deploying proper technologies or tools specialized in defining and inferring them. To meet this end, this study suggests a methodology for developing the knowledge graph-based knowledge map using the Graph DB known to exhibit proper functionality in expressing and inferring relationships between entities and their relationships stored in a knowledge-base. Procedures of the proposed methodology are modeling graph data, creating nodes, properties, relationships, and composing knowledge networks by combining identified links between knowledge. Among various Graph DBs, the Neo4j is used in this study for its high credibility and applicability through wide and various application cases. To examine the validity of the proposed methodology, a knowledge graph-based knowledge map is implemented deploying the Graph DB, and a performance comparison test is performed, by applying previous research's data to check whether this study's knowledge map can yield the same level of performance as the previous one did. Previous research's case is concerned with building a process-based knowledge map using the ontology technology, which identifies links between related knowledge based on the sequences of tasks producing or being activated by knowledge. In other words, since a task not only is activated by knowledge as an input but also produces knowledge as an output, input and output knowledge are linked as a flow by the task. Also since a business process is composed of affiliated tasks to fulfill the purpose of the process, the knowledge networks within a business process can be concluded by the sequences of the tasks composing the process. Therefore, using the Neo4j, considered process, task, and knowledge as well as the relationships among them are defined as nodes and relationships so that knowledge links can be identified based on the sequences of tasks. The resultant knowledge network by aggregating identified knowledge links is the knowledge map equipping functionality as a knowledge graph, and therefore its performance needs to be tested whether it meets the level of previous research's validation results. The performance test examines two aspects, the correctness of knowledge links and the possibility of inferring new types of knowledge: the former is examined using 7 questions, and the latter is checked by extracting two new-typed knowledge. As a result, the knowledge map constructed through the proposed methodology has showed the same level of performance as the previous one, and processed knowledge definition as well as knowledge relationship inference in a more efficient manner. Furthermore, comparing to the previous research's ontology-based approach, this study's Graph DB-based approach has also showed more beneficial functionality in intensively managing only the knowledge of interest, dynamically defining knowledge and relationships by reflecting various meanings from situations to purposes, agilely inferring knowledge and relationships through Cypher-based query, and easily creating a new relationship by aggregating existing ones, etc. This study's artifacts can be applied to implement the user-friendly function of knowledge exploration reflecting user's cognitive process toward associated knowledge, and can further underpin the development of an intelligent knowledge-base expanding autonomously through the discovery of new knowledge and their relationships by inference. This study, moreover than these, has an instant effect on implementing the networked knowledge map essential to satisfying contemporary users eagerly excavating the way to find proper knowledge to use.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-58
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• 2022

The deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste disposal is a multi barrier system comprised of engineered barriers and a natural barrier. The long-term integrity of the deep geological repository is affected by the coupled interactions between the individual barrier components. Erosion and piping phenomena in the compacted bentonite buffer due to buffer-rock interactions results in the removal of bentonite particles via groundwater flow and can negatively impact the integrity and performance of the buffer. Rapid groundwater inflow at the early stages of disposal can lead to piping in the bentonite buffer due to the buildup of pore water pressure. The physiochemical processes between the bentonite buffer and groundwater lead to bentonite swelling and gelation, resulting in bentonite erosion from the buffer surface. Hence, the evaluation of erosion and piping occurrence and its effects on the integrity of the bentonite buffer is crucial in determining the long-term integrity of the deep geological repository. Previous studies on bentonite erosion and piping failed to consider the complex coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical behavior of bentonite-groundwater interactions and lacked a comprehensive model that can consider the complex phenomena observed from the experimental tests. In this technical note, previous studies on the mechanisms, lab-scale experiments and numerical modeling of bentonite buffer erosion and piping are introduced, and the future expected challenges in the investigation of bentonite buffer erosion and piping are summarized.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.72
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• pp.91-163
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• 2022

The focus of this paper lies on the fact that the 'management' and 'utilization' of audiovisual archives are still not specialized in both the public and the private sectors. The use of online video platforms including 'YouTube' has became common. Accordingly the production and collection of high-definition and high-capacity audiovisual archives has been rapidly increasing. However, it also emphasizes that there are no references or principles in the current Public Records Act and its enforcement rules, public standards, and guidelines. This paper ultimately examines the provisions that are related to audiovisual archives of the current Public Records Act, which needed to be revised and enacted due to the lack of an audiovisual archives management manual of national institutions, public broadcasters, and organizations can refer to. In addition, this study tries to find out what kind of systems and guidelines are used in audiovisual archives management. This paper examines the current state of standardization of audiovisual records of the National Archives. It also analyses the systems and the guidelines methodically for efficient audiovisual record management in the public records management sector. It suggests the new direction of relevant public standards and guidelines through this research. Futhermore, it measures to activate the audiovisual management policy-making functions of the National Archives. The necessity of establishing a Public Audiovisual Archives as an organization was also reviewed in this paper. The Public Audiovisual Archives will collect Public Audio and Videos systematically and comprehensively through the legal deposit system. And it will be operated by the management and the utilization system so that it can be used for public as a collective memory. Finally, it will takes a charge of a professional role in audiovisual record management field, such as technology standardization to safeguard and protect the copyrights through this process.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

The East Sea, one of the regions where the most rapid warming is occurring, is known to have important implications for the response of the ocean to future climate changes because it not only reacts sensitively to climate change but also has a much shorter turnover time (hundreds of years) than the ocean (thousands of years). However, the processes underlying changes in seawater characteristics at the sea's deep and abyssal layers, and meridional overturning circulation have recently been examined only after international cooperative observation programs for the entire sea allowed in-situ data in a necessary resolution and accuracy along with recent improvement in numerical modeling. In this review, previous studies on the physical characteristics of seawater at deeper parts of the East Sea, and meridional overturning circulation are summarized to identify any remaining issues. The seawater below a depth of several hundreds of meters in the East Sea has been identified as the Japan Sea Proper Water (East Sea Proper Water) due to its homogeneous physical properties of a water temperature below 1℃ and practical salinity values ranging from 34.0 to 34.1. However, vertically high-resolution salinity and dissolved oxygen observations since the 1990s enabled us to separate the water into at least three different water masses (central water, CW; deep water, DW; bottom water, BW). Recent studies have shown that the physical characteristics and boundaries between the three water masses are not constant over time, but have significantly varied over the last few decades in association with time-varying water formation processes, such as convection processes (deep slope convection and open-ocean deep convection) that are linked to the re-circulation of the Tsushima Warm Current, ocean-atmosphere heat and freshwater exchanges, and sea-ice formation in the northern part of the East Sea. The CW, DW, and BW were found to be transported horizontally from the Japan Basin to the Ulleung Basin, from the Ulleung Basin to the Yamato Basin, and from the Yamato Basin to the Japan Basin, respectively, rotating counterclockwise with a shallow depth on the right of its path (consistent with the bottom topographic control of fluid in a rotating Earth). This horizontal deep circulation is a part of the sea's meridional overturning circulation that has undergone changes in the path and intensity. Yet, the linkages between upper and deeper circulation and between the horizontal and meridional overturning circulation are not well understood. Through this review, the remaining issues to be addressed in the future were identified. These issues included a connection between the changing properties of CW, DW, and BW, and their horizontal and overturning circulations; the linkage of deep and abyssal circulations to the upper circulation, including upper water transport from and into the Western Pacific Ocean; and processes underlying the temporal variability in the path and intensity of CW, DW, and BW.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.7-24
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• 1996

'90년대 전반기 중 세계 경제 상황은 정치, 경제 및 환경의 급격한 변화에 따른 불황으로 유황시장에도 심대한 영향을 미치게 되었다. 이와 같은 경기의 후퇴는 다수의 생산자로 하여금 전반적인 시장 상황을 바꿀 수 있는 전략 변경 및 새로운 시장 개발을 촉진시키게 하였다. 최근에 전개되고 있는 극단적인 정치$\cdot$경제적인 변화는 재래시장과 무역균형을 변경시키게 되었다. 개선되는 세계경제에 따른 광범위한 구조조정과 지난 2년간 진행되어온 전반적으로 농업에 유리한 조건에 힘입어 1995년 유황공업은 회복이 시작되어 54.63백만 톤이 생산되었다 국제 유황 무역은 수요와 공급 면에서는 균형을 못 찾고 있다. 1995년 유황생산 중 무역량은 $45\%$에 이르렀다. 유황생산에 영향하는 요소가 변함에 따라 무역의 형태가 변하게 되고 세계 유황 수급 균형에 영향을 주게 되었다. 지난 2년간 있었던 유황생산 회복은 다음 십년간 지속될 것으로 예측된다. 대부분 수요의 증가는 자연가스의 생산을 지배하는 요소에 따라 결정 될 것이다 1986년 이래 유가가 떨어진 후 세계 에너지 수요는 연간 $2.3\%$ 증가하였다. 석유와 가스는 미래 에너지 수요의 증가로 $70\%$이상을 공급하게 될 것이다. 동아시아에서 회수 유황은 원유의 정제로부터 유래된 것으로 가장 신장이 큰 공급원으로 2005년까지 주요유황생산 부분이 될 것이다. 동아시아에서 주요 회수 유황생산국은 일본으로 전체의 $66\%$를 차지한다. 석유 정제로부터 회수 유황생산량은 동아시아에서 증가하고 있다. 유황회수 시설 투자는 일본을 위시하여 한국, 싱가폴 및 태국에서 이루어지고 있으며 이는 점차 증대되는 환경규제에 기인된다. 동아시아 공업국가 예컨대 일본과 한국에서의 유황소비는 인산생산 저조로 정체해 있으나 지난 10년간 여타의 아시아 국가에서의 유황소비는 꾸준히 증가되었다. 이 같은 증가는 앞으로 10년간 계속 될 것으로 추정된다. 이는 유황비료 소비가 4.81백만 톤에서 6.6백만 톤으로 증가될 것으로 예상되고 이는 주로 중국이 내수 인산생산을 증가시키려는 데 기인된다. 더욱이 다가올 10년은 다수의 아시아 국가의 급속한 경제 발전으로 비료 이외의 유황의 소비가 꾸준히 증가 될 것이다. 동아시아는 10.29백만 톤을 생산하고 10.99백만 톤을 소비하여 1995년에는 70만 톤의 유황이 부족하였다. 이와 같은 영향이 계속된다면 동아시아 유황부족은 2005년에는 1.05백만 톤으로 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 중국에서 황화철에서부터 공급되는 유황함량이 많아 이 지역에서의 원소유황의 진정한 균형에 대해서는 정확하게 평가되지 못한다. 1995년 동아시아에서는 1.3백만 톤의 원소유황을 일본, 캐나다, 미국에서 수입했다. 이들 국가는 앞으로도 이 지역의 주요 공급자가 될 것이다. 황산의 많은 양은 일본에서 이 지역으로 수출되는데 그 양은 1995년 10만톤 이상에 이른다. 더욱이 경제?환경적 이점 때문에 중국이 황화물에서 회수하는 유황대신 원소 유황의 수입을 지속적으로 증가시키고 있어 지역내의 유황 부족이 증가 될 것이다. 이 같은 상황진전으로 앞으로 10년 이내에 2.5백만 톤의 추가시장이 있게 될 것이다. 이 기간내 한국으로서 현재 326,000톤의 부족에서 2005년에는 309,000톤의 과잉으로 유황균형이 변할 수 있는 주요계기가 될 것이다 이 같은 과잉은 회수 유황생산이 1995년 333,000톤에서 2005년 870,000톤으로 $161\%$가 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 동기간 내에 기타 유황생산은 280,000톤에서 320,000톤으로 $14\%$ 증가되는 것으로 추정된다. 그리하여 2005년 한국에서 유황 공급은 1.19백만 톤이고 수요는 881,000톤으로 추정 된다. 미래 한국에서 유황의 또 다른 잠재시장은 식물양분으로서 이다. 인산비료 생산은 유황산업의 골격으로 1995년 세계적으로 인산비료는 유황소비의 53%인 53.60백만 톤을 점유하였다. 작물의 유황결핍 현상은 세계도처에서 나타나고 있어 식물양분으로서 유황시장은 20년전의 시장과 같이 현황을 띠는 시장으로 유황공업이 때를 만나게 될 것이다. 공업국에서 유황의 대기로의 방출억제로 자연 공급량이 감소되고 개발도상국에서 증산으로 유황의 탈취가 증가됨에 따라 유황 부족은 점차 중요한 문제로 확산되고 있다. 세계적으로 $1993\~1994$년간 7.52백만 톤으로 추정되는 유황 부족이 농산물의 수량과 질을 하락시키는 결과를 가져오게 하였다: 이와 같은 현상으로 유황비료의 수요가 증대되었고 산업계는 수요증대에 대응할 기술개발에 노력하게 되었다. 현재의 식량생산과 비료 소비추세가 지속된다면 아시아에서 2000년까지 매년 4.5백만 톤의 유황부족이 있게 될 것이다 이와 같은 유황비료의 부족은 적절한 대책을 취하지 않는 한 2010년에는 6.5백만 톤으로 증가 될 것이다. 동아시아는 경제발전으로 유황비료 장기 잠재시장이 기대되고 새로운 시장으로 $50\%$이상을 점유하게 될 것이다. 서구와 북미에서 유황비료 산업은 이윤 있는 잠재시장으로 인정되고 상업적으로 앞서 있는 시장이다. 점증하는 수요에 대한 대처와 유황비료의 성공은 시장에서 가격에 좌우된다. 실제로 북미와 서구에서 현재의 소매가격은 유황 톤당 $266\~466\$$의 범위에 있다. 인도에서는 비료로서 유황시장은 덜 발달된 단계로서 대표가격은 $120\$$이다. 이 가격 범위로 보아 2010년에 동아시아 시장의 잠재 유황비료 시장은 3.4백만 톤에 이르고 비료공업에서 추가로 얻는 이윤은 408백만 내지 1조5천억$\$$이 될 것이다. 이와 같은 시장이 발전 될 수 있는 것은 계속된 제품개발과 비료산업 시장개척에 달려있다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2022

Two major problems currently threaten human survival on Earth: climate change and the rapid aging of the population in developed countries. Climate change is a result of the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere due to the increase in the use of fossil fuels owing to economic and transportation development. The rapid increase in the age of the population is a result of the rise in life expectancy due to the development of biomedical science and technology and the improvement of personal hygiene in developed countries. To avoid irreversible global climate change, it is necessary to quickly transition from the current fossil fuel-based economy to a zero-carbon renewable energy-based economy that does not emit GHGs. To achieve this goal, the dairy and livestock industry, which generates the most GHGs in the agricultural sector, must transition to using low-carbon emission production methods while simultaneously increasing consumers' preference for low-carbon diets. Although 77% of currently available arable land globally is used to produce livestock feed, only 37% and 18% of the proteins and calories that humans consume come from dairy and livestock farming and industry. Therefore, using edible insects as a protein source represents a good alternative, as it generates less GHG and reduces water consumption and breeding space while ensuring a higher feed conversion rate than that of livestock. Additionally, utilizing the functionality of medicinal insects, such as silkworms, which have been proven to have certain health enhancement effects, it is possible to develop functional foods that can prevent or delay the onset of currently incurable degenerative diseases that occur more frequently in the elderly. Insects are among the first animals to have appeared on Earth, and regardless of whether humans survive, they will continue to adapt, evolve, and thrive. Therefore, the use of various edible and medicinal insects, including silkworms, in industry will provide an important foundation for human survival and prosperity on Earth in the near future by resolving the current two major problems.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.131-147
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• 2023

Gwangyang Port Marine Industry Cluster is the only marine industry cluster in Korea that is currently in operation, but despite the implementation of various revitalization policies since its opening, the occupancy rate has been low so far. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the constraints of the current system that hinder the inducement of tenant companies and to suggest revitalization measures. For this purpose, this study analyzed the current status of research and development(R&D) projects in the port, shipping and logistics sector, which is a core industry of the Gwangyang Port Marine Industry Cluster. And a survey was conducted on companies with potential to move in. As a result, the proportion of R&D in the core industry sectors is lower than in other sectors, and most of R&D projects are being carried out mainly by small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, the low need for port facilities and low accessibility to Gwangyang Port were derived as constraints. Considering the results, this study suggests four revitalization measures to induce tenant companies as follows. First, it is necessary to expand the scope of core industries from the current shipping, ports, and logistics to the entire maritime and fisheries, so that companies performing R&D in the industry can move in. Second, the industry code currently specified as a qualification need to be revised to include both the industry of the enterprise carrying out R&D projects and the core industry. Therefore, this study suggests an expanded industry code list that can replace current list. Third, a transition of tenant recruitment system from the regular system(once or twice a year) to the occasional system is proposed so that companies can move in flexibly when demand arises. Finally, in order to overcome geographically low accessibility, technology development support projects specialized in R&D that prospective tenant companies actually need are needed rather than financial support.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2022

Chrysanthemum plants are one of the most economically important plants in South Korea. Both virus and viroid can cause diseases and economic damage to the plants. In this study, we investigated the detection of seven viruses and two viroids in 350 chrysanthemum plants cultivated in Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. Two viruses, chrysanthemum virus B (CVB) and tomato aspermy virus (TAV), and two viroids, chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) and chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), were detected in this study. The two viruses were detected in six samples and one sample, respectively. The two viroids were detected in 97 samples and 21 samples, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the CVB-CN-Y, TAV-CN-Y, CChMVd-CN-Y, and CSVd-CN-Y obtained in this study showed 83.7-86.9%, 99.2-100.0%, 94.4-99.5%, and 95.7-99.7% identity, respectively, compared to their other strains/isolates. The CVB-CN-Y and TAV-CN-Y showed the greatest nucleotide sequence homology to CVB-GS1 and three TAV isolates (TAV-V, TAV-P, and TAV-ChJ), respectively. The CChMVd-CN-Y and CSVd-CN-Y showed the greatest nucleotide sequence homology to CChMVd-Horst and four CSVd isolates (Au1.1, K4pop, Sagae, and Tochigi), respectively. This study is the report on the infection rate of viruses and viroids in chrysanthemum plants cultivated in Yesan-gun in 2021.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-266
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• 2019

Films of the 1960s in both Korea and Egypt share many common characteristics. These include the main trend of such films' in addition to some of the political situations. This trend mainly relates to the adaptation of novels into films. In the late 1940s, Andre Bazin wrote his ideas about a similar phenomenon in Europe and the United States. Based on Bazin's thoughts and other examples for films adapted from novels in the 1940-60s, I found that the trend in both Korea and Egypt can be explained as an international phenomenon, in which film developed to a further stage due to a dialectic between content and form after the increase in the development of film techniques. The trend in Korea is believed to have led to the so-called golden era of Korean movies, while in Egypt films adapted from literature were not able to earn high profits, even though in a 1996 list of the best 100 Egyptian films, 23 had been adapted from novels. To explain the reasons behind this phenomenon, I looked into the internal demand from filmmakers themselves to further develop the industry through the articles written at that time. In addition, I explored the different situations and policies that influenced film production in both countries in the 1960s. I found that political situations and policies could have helped in the continuity of such trend, but it is difficult to consider these as the main reason for its creation, in contrast to the internal demand, which I believe is the main reason for the creation of such direction.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.425-435
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural value as well as business value of Juk-Bang-Ryeum(fishing instrument made by bamboo weir) by the investigation of remains in Gyeongnam Sacheon area and reviewing various historical literatures. The research will contribute to make back data necessary for the registration of World Heritage(UNESCO) and Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(FAO). Fisheries, along with agriculture, have been great significance in human history. In particular, the Fisheries has been considered very important industry due to the geopolitical characteristics of our country surrounded by the sea. We can imagine may types of fishing practices and instruments at the agricultural age. Nonetheless, there are a few fishery heritages such as collecting and hunting tools that remains today. Fortunately, there are many Juk-Bang-Ryeum which is actually operate now from the past 500 years ago at the The Sacheon and Namhae areas. We could found some literature records about it in the historical ancient literatures. We could also infer that Juk-Bang-Ryeum was an important fishery resource of the country for a long time. It was built on the basis of scientific principles to capture fishes using the rapid tide of the natural geological straits, and it prove the wisdom of our ancestors. We also could found some unique cultural heritages that was important to the local community. Naturally, it has been managed as an important asset for the residents. In addition to such historical and humanistic values, it also has business and educational value. It can be useful to understand scientific fishery principles as well as fishery experience field. It has business value as an important tourism resource in the region in connection with historical relics and geological environment resources. In conclusion, it is a valuable asset to be handed down as a valuable cultural heritage.