• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.70
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• pp.239-265
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Christian educational understanding of habit formation through the practical field of Christianity called worship. In the Cultural Liturgy series, James Smith criticized the intellectualistic Christian education so far and opened up a completely different level of possibility for Christian education through a unique study on habit formation. He focuses on education through actions, not education through the mind, and deals in depth with the relationship between habits and the body, between habits and knowledge, between habits and meaning systems, and between habits and human formation. Among them, it is emphasized that worship is a major liturgy that forms the identity of the participants through habits. Accepting Smith's position positively, this thesis first deals with the concept and understanding of major thinkers about habit. Second, we will look at habitual knowledge through the body. And lastly, it deals with Christian educational understanding of worship as a place of habit formation. Worship is not a one-time event, but an inseparable relationship with habit in terms of regular body practice. In particular, when we look at worship from the point of view of habits, it can be seen that the accumulation of experiences through bodily activities plays an important role in forming the horizon and background for understanding the world of the worshiper. Therefore, this thesis is meaningful in seeking and reconfirming the Christian educational possibility of worship as a habit formation.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.377-414
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• 2021

Since Schwab mentioned the Fourth Industrial Revolution at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016, discussions have been ongoing about it and the future society. The Fourth Industrial Revolution exceeds the development of technology and influences society, culture, and lifestyle. Moreover, in the face of the COVID-19 crisis, society continues to experience and realize the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Although we hope that this era will surely improve human life, we are also concerned about human alienation and social and economic polarization that may emerge as a consequence. How, then, does Christianity contribute to the public space and set the direction for education in this day and age? This study focused on the role of Christianity and the direction of education during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. First, I examine problems in terms of the inner and outer aspects of individuals and communities that may occur during the Fourth Industrial Revolution through the perspectives of Mitchell, a psychologist, Bellah, a sociologist, McGrath, a theologian, and Bostrom, a philosopher. Through their theories, we can view the lives of individuals in the real, virtual, and transcendental worlds of this era. I find that Christianity can provide a transcendent norm in this world, give meaning to life, and change people and the world. Therefore, I suggest the creation and expression of symbols as a direction for education. For this form of education, I recommend five steps, namely, observing, entering, discovering, participating, and making symbols. In this manner, people can represent the kingdom of God in the real world.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.73
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• pp.93-115
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore implications for intergenerational Christian education in Korean churches and families that struggle with "generational fragmentations" focusing on the conception of reciprocity and participation. For the faith community in Korea, "generational fragmentations" does not merely mean communication gaps or the disconnection between generations but also the absence of reciprocity and communal participation as a genuine intergenerational community of faith. With this phenomenon in mind, this study explores the concept of "intergenerationality" in education, focusing on reciprocity and participation. Next, this study examines the concepts of reciprocity and participation found in John Dewey's seminal works, Democracy and Education and Experience and Education based on his ideas of democracy and experience in relation to intergenerational Christian education for the Korean church and families. The present paper then attempts to find implications for intergenerational Christian education in the Korean church and family, showing the importance of an intergenerational community of faith with reciprocity and communal participation, and communal spiritual journey with children and adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.183-193
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest a writing education paradigm appropriate for the ideology and ideal persons of Christian universities, and to show the effective application plan. For this, this study utilizes the ideas of digital writing in the concept of digital literacy education. The paradigm of "the digital writing education using bible storytelling" consists of two activities. The first one is 'bible listening and observation,' and the second one is 'media text creation and sharing'. In the first activity, there are two steps: 'listening and observation of bible storytelling' and 'exploration and meditation.' In the second activity, there are also two steps: 'application and action,' and 'sharing in communities.' After the suggestion, this study proposes the application plan for the paradigm. They are 'the utilization of various media and the merit of interaction,' healing effectiveness in an individual and a community,' 'building expertises in both letter writing and Christian education(Divinity),' 'building expertises in both letter writing and media literacy,' and 'expanded application toward diverse patterns of writing.'

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.436-449
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the Reformation Calvin undertook in Geneva and see what efficient functions Christianity can afford to reveal its value in urban settings today. Calvin's Reformation provided a clear place and role for the Church in the public domain. In addition, Calvin's process of religious reform has always been followed by interest and welfare practices for the socially disadvantaged, such as the poor and women. In this understanding, the study presented the following applications that modern churches can practice in urban settings today: First, the church should be able to clearly understand the diversity, liquidity, and dynamics of the urban environment and make changes through various situational applications supported by the Bible. Second, the church's missional approach should shift from a believing-belonging process to a sense of belonging-believing. Third, the transition from a familiar traditional church to a new social reality is necessary, and efforts are needed to clearly understand the interests and atmosphere of community communities and keep pace with them. And finally, modern churches need to maintain new ecological sensitivity than ever before.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.73
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• pp.139-157
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• 2023

In Korean Protestantism, interest in Christian spirituality has grown significantly since the 1980s. Spirituality is now studied and used as a crucial term and topic in theology and ministry. As research on spirituality expanded to various areas of study and ministry and various topics related to spirituality were dealt with, research on spiritual direction also began. Oe-Shik Kim and Hae-Yong Yoo, who studied in North America, are the early scholars who began to study spiritual direction in Korean Protestantism in the 1990s. Their research has influenced Korean Protestant scholars and pastors to understand spiritual direction and apply it to seminary education and the Korean Protestant churches. Spiritual direction has been practiced in the Korean church in the form and content of faith education, spiritual training, devotional training, discipleship training, small groups, and pastoral counseling. The spiritual direction practiced by Eastern, Western, and monastic traditions throughout Christian history is not shared by Korean Protestants. Because Korean Protestantism has developed a unique spiritual tradition in the Korean context, its contents and forms of spiritual direction reflect the Korean context. Korean Protestants are more familiar with Tongsung Kido, early morning prayer, Bible study or Bible meditation, and small groups than contemplative traditions and individual spiritual direction. Thirty years have passed since research on spiritual direction began. The Korean Protestant academia needs to critically reflect on its research and practice. Spiritual direction is a term and tradition of different Christian cultures around the world and is part of Christian history and tradition. Korean Protestant scholars and church ministers need to accept the concept and application of spiritual direction considering the context and spiritual tradition of Korean Protestant churches, a flexible understanding, perspective, and attitude toward the concept and application of spiritual direction in Korean Protestant churches are needed.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.285-311
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• 2020

Many people are suffering from the economic crisis and poverty that are deepening due to the recent spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. In this situation, this study focuses on the biblical Jubilee in order to seek how "Jubilee justice" can be realized in the modern context. The Law of Jubilee consists of four contents: the liberation of slaves, debt remission, land return and fallow. Ultimately it aims to prevent human slavery and preserve equality. Nevertheless, the thought of Jubilee has been distorted theologically and situationally, and as a result, it has been overlooked in the field of Christian education, and there is a limit in Christian practice for social justice. The thought of Jubilee, however, can be an alternative to overcome various problems of modern society such as the issue of the privatization of Christianity or the deepening of polarization caused by neoliberal globalization and can contribute positively to the practice of social justice. In other words, the thought of Jubilee can act as a biblical initiative in reforming wrong laws and establishing institutions for the poor on the institutional level; on the personal level, it can be a great motive in terms of the change of perception and the practice of the sharing economy. Jubilee education, which aims for Jubilee justice, helps to break the misconceptions and change the existing meaning perspectives on the basis of various interdisciplinary knowledge and supports social behavior for transforming social structure through activation of public opinion and fund raising at the practical level. Therefore, the learners of Christian education can play a public role in transforming the unjust society.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.68
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• pp.307-344
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• 2021

After Protestant missionaries delivered the gospel to Korea in the 1880s, Korean Protestantism has pursued qualitative growth following quantitative growth. Pastors and scholars are continuing their efforts for qualitative growth in various fields such as theology, ministry, social participation, ethics, education, counseling, history, and spirituality. Prayer has been a significant spiritual resource and method in the history and for the faith of Korean Protestant churches. Historical and theoretical research on Korean Protestant prayer traditions has been continuously performed, and it is time to re-establish and renew the prayer traditions for the new generation and context of the Protestant churches. In this historical time, it is necessary to summarize the Korean Protestant prayer traditions and describe their significance for the change of Korean Protestantism and its prayer education. This study analyzes the characteristic elements of the Korean Protestant prayer tradition and discusses its significance in the church and Christian education. In addition, it analyzes the cause and background of the establishment of a specific prayer element in Korean Protestantism and describes the relationship with the topics currently being emerged. Through the research on the prayer traditions, this study reflects on the meaning of the Korean Protestant prayer tradition to Christian education and discusses the content, method, and purpose of future education in relation to Korean Protestant prayer. This study argues that prayer education should be conducted from the perspective of Christian history and tradition as a whole with understanding the characteristics of Korean Protestant prayer traditions and the educational and non-educational elements of prayer.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.107-126
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• 2024

This study was initiated to explore the Christian educational challenges of building a "Peer Consciousness" in North and South Korea after reunification. During the period of division, North and South Korea have became heterogeneous in almost all elements of society, including politics, economy, culture, and education. Considering the various social conflicts that the two heterogeneous societies will experience in the process of reunification, the issue of social integration is no longer a side issue of institutional integration or economic integration, but has become an essential element in itself. This is why the Korean church and Christian scholars need to study in depth the social conflicts and integration issues that may arise before and after reunification. For the study, we analyzed the forms of social conflict based on the theory of ''Human Needs Theory', which states that human needs are the conditions for social conflict. Social conflicts stem from the unfulfillment of various human needs, which in turn extend to identity conflicts that seek to form a sense of belonging. In light of the case of unified Germany, where social conflicts converged into identity conflicts, I predicted that conflicts in unified Korea will soon become identity conflicts. The direction of Christian education that should suture the conflicts in the post-reunification society was derived from theological reflection on the concept of 'publicness of Christian education' and 'kingdom of God'. As a concrete educational plan for social integration, I presented the discourse of love of God and love of neighbor through Christian education for dual identity as a citizen and disciple, and emphasized the need for re-socialization education through faith communities

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.47-62
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• 2024

Purpose of the study : The purpose of this study was to analyze research on Christian infant parents in terms of research period, research content, and research method, and seek directions for research projects related to Christian infant parents. Research content and methods : For this study, domestic master's and doctoral dissertation published from 1995 to 2023 by the national assembly library and the research information sharing service (RISS) were collected under the categories 'Christianity', 'infant', 'infancy', and 'parent'. A total of 40 studies were extracted by searching with these keywords and excluding redundant studies. In addition, the frequency and percentage were calculated by classifying and analyzing the results into three criteria: research period, research content, and research method. Conclusions and Recommendations : Research on Christian infant parents increased significantly between 2016 and 2020, with 10 studies (25%) conducted during this period, indicating a more active engagement in this area compared to other times. Master's theses accounted for 39 studies (97.5%), while doctoral dissertation comprised 1 study (2.5%), suggesting a predominance of research at the master's level. Regarding the content of the research on Christian infant parents, practice studies accounted for 34 studies (85%), while basic research accounted for 6 studies (15%). Field-related studies such as the development of parental education programs and materials for infants continued to be carried out steadily, but there was a lack of theoretical, philosophical, perceptual, and factual investigation research on Christian infant parents. Methodologically, literature reviews were prevalent, with 27 studies (67.5%), followed by quantitative studies with 10 studies (25%), and qualitative studies with 3 studies (7.5%). Various types of research, including quantitative, qualitative, and literature reviews, were conducted between 2016 and 2020. Based on the research findings, in-depth qualitative studies conducted through observation and interviews, as well as mixed-method studies complementing single studies, should be conducted for a long-term perspective on research involving Christian infant and child parents.