• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1070-1071
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• 2003

노년기의 독립적인 생활유지와 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 바람직한 영양섭취 방법을 모색하기 위한 종적연구의 대상자로 자원한 서울지역의 건강한 40-64세의 중년 293명(남 121명, 여172명)을 대상으로 생활습관과 영양섭취실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자의 평균 연령은 남자 52.0$\pm$7.3세, 여자 519$\pm$6.9세였고, 대부분 부부 중심으로 조사하였다. 교육수준은 남자의 71.9%, 여자의 39.5%가 대학졸업 이상이었으며, 남자의 43.0%가 전문직, 24.8%가 행정ㆍ사무직이었고, 가계의 한 달 평균 수입이 200만원 이상자가 72.5%로써 본 조사의 자원자는 대체적으로 고학력, 전문직종의 중류층이었다. 건강에 대한 염려를 가끔 또는 자주 하는 대상자가 66.9%로 건강에 대한 관심은 높았으나 건강을 지키기 위한 실천은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그 예로 지난 1년간 체중이 증가하고 있는 대상자가 37.5%였고, 이들 중 75%가 2kg 이상의 체중이 늘고 있지만 체중을 줄이려고 노력하는 대상자는 37.5%뿐이었다. 음주는 남성의 56.5%가 평균 주 2회 정도 하는 편이었고, 1회 음주량은 소주로 1병 이하가 대부분(88%)이었다. 현재 흡연자는 남자의 40.5%였고, 금연자는 30.6%로 비교적 흡연율이 낮았다. 식사시간은 대부분(83.6%) 규칙적이었다. 식사를 주 2-3회 이상 거르는 대상자가 남자는 23%인 반면 여자는 49%였고, 이들 대부분(60.3%)이 아침을 먹지 않았다. 1주일에 1번 이상 외식하는 대상자는 남자의 84%, 여자의 66%였다. 식사시 식품의 배합에 대하여 별로 관심이 없다는 사람이 50%였지만 실제로 식품군별 섭취 시에는 상당한 관심이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 육류의 기름기를 대충 또는 거의 다 제거하고 먹는 대상자가 남자의 68%, 여자의 88%였고, 육류를 자주 먹지 않거나 소량씩 먹는 대상자가 94%, 생선.두부 및 콩제품을 하루 1끼 이상 섭취하는 대상자가 87%, 채소를 하루 1번 이상 섭취하는 대상자가 96%인 반면, 인스턴트식품이나 패스트푸드를 주 2-3회 이상 먹는 대상자는 23% 정도였다. 영양지식점수(15.4$\pm$3.1/25)와 영양태도점수(50.5$\pm$4.9/75)는 비교적 양호하였다. 전체적으로 오답률이 높은 문항은 체중조절에 있어서 식사와 운동의 관계, 당뇨병 환자의 흰쌀밥 섭취 문제, 비타민제의 섭취와 감기, 고단백 식사의 문제점 등에 관한 것이었다. 반면 철분 섭취와 빈혈의 관계, 비만의 위험성, 동물성 기름의 섭취와 혈중 콜레스테롤치, 우유가 Ca의 급원이면서 성인에게도 필요하다는 것 등은 잘 인식되고 있었다. 조사 대상자의 평균 에너지 섭취량은 RDA의 77.3 $\pm$ 13.6%였으나, 이들 대부분(80%)의 활동 정도가 가벼운 활동에 속하므로 에너지가 부족하다고 할 수는 없다. 반면 평균 단백질 섭취량은 RDA의 109.9 $\pm$ 23.5%로 충분하였고, 3대 열량영양소 즉, 단백질:지방:탄수화물의 구성비는 16:22:62로 지방의 섭취가 약간 높으나 바람직한 구성비를 보였다. 권장량의 75% 이하를 섭취하고 있는 영양소는 칼슘(70.7$\pm$23.9%)뿐이었다. 과체중자의 비율을 체질량지수(BMI) 25이상으로 구분하면 남자의 45%, 여자의 23%가 과체중자로 나타나나, 23이상으로 구분하면 남자의 71%, 여자의 52%가 과체중자로 분류되었다. 이를 WHR의 기준치로 분류하면 남자의 25%, 여자의 26%가 과체중자로 나타났다. 대부분 대상자의 hemoglobin치(99%), hematocrit치(90%), 혈장 albumin치(99.7%)는 양호하였다. 혈당이 140mg/㎗ 이상인 대상자는 2.7%에 불과하였다. 혈중 총콜레스테롤치가 240mg/㎗ 이상인 대상자는 19%, 중성지방치가 250mg/㎗ 이상인 대상자는 9%, HDL-콜레스테롤치가 35mg/㎗ 이하인 대상자는 2.4%로 혈중 지질 profile은 양호하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 연구 대상자는 영양섭취상태와 생화학적 건강상태가 양호하다고 판단되므로 종적연구의 대상자로 적합하다고 사료된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 1997

Purpose: To prevent residual physical disability and chronic infection, prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment are important in the skeletal infections in children. Although radioisotope scanning is knwon as the method of choice for early diagnosis of bone infection, we conducted a study on twenty nine children who had skeletal infections to reevaluate the most appropriate way in diagnosis and management. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on twenty nine children, who were admitted to the departments of Pediatrics and Orthopedic Surgery and who had acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, through review of medical records, radiologic & radioisotope study results. Their diagnoses were confirmed by bacteriologic cultures on the aspirated specimens from suspected bony lesions. Results: 1) Among twenty nine patients, there were 6 infants including 5 newborn infants, and 23 children were aged between 1 and 15 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4 to 1. 2) Point tenderness was noted in all cases, and the common physical signs were swelling, limitation of motion, fever and local heat in the order of frequency. 3) Fifty two percents of the patients were diagnosed within a week after onset of symptoms and all cases were within 15 days. 4) Leukocytosis was noted in only 58.6% of cases but erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased in all cases except only one case. Staphylococcus aureus was revealed as the most common etiologic agent. 5) Radioisotope scans showed hot uptake in five of six cases(83.3%) who had no abnormal finding on plain skeletal radiolograms. Conclusions: Although radioisotope scan and MRI are helpful in early diagnosis before radiologic finding was detected on plain X-ray film, the antimicrobial therapy can be started after bacteriologic study of the aspirated specimens from the suspected skeletal lesions if skeletal infection is highly suspected clinically.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.4
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• pp.38-58
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• 2022

Park Wan-seo's novels deal with realistic topics of society, such as women's issues, the capitalist system, and the problems that come with old age. Assuch, her work is used as a tool to analyze social phenomena in various fields, such as women's studies, sociology, and literature. A characteristic style of Park Wan-seo's novels is that she bases them on her own experiences. However, among her novels, the novel Mimang is exceptional. The plot is based on stories that have been passed down from generation to generation. This is to show the spirit of the times through the unforgettable story of her hometown, Gaesong. Mimang is the story of a family chronology that spans four generations centered on Chun Cheu-Man and his family, who became powerful capitalists through the cultivation and commerce of ginseng cultivation. Set in the late 19th century until the end of the Korean War, the novel unravels the essence of the times symbolized by merchants of ginseng and Gaeseong, focusing on the actions of people living in a period of historical turbulence. Gaeseong is the mecca of Korean ginseng, and Gaeseong cannot be portrayed without the story of ginseng and its merchants. Therefore, Mimang, a fictionalized story based on real facts, contains valuable testimony of the history of ginseng, not only as historical values of modern history and personal customs but also as microhistory. In the novel, traces of the times of Gaeseong and the spirit of ginseng merchants, as shown in the Japanese sacking of ginseng during the colonial period, the resistance of ginseng merchants, and the conversion of ginseng capitalism to modern capitalism, are imprinted like fossils. What is especially meaningful is that the stories in the novel correspond to historical facts and constitute a chapter in the history of ginseng. The symbolism of ginseng in the novel can be explained in three main ways. First, it shows the essence of Korean ginseng. It reveals the soul of ginseng through the sincerity and rigor of ginseng farming, as well as the spirit and pride of ginseng. Second, it symbolizes the exploitation of ginseng in Japan as a national issue. The efforts of ginseng merchants to protect this and support the independence movement are presented as important themes to express nationalism. Third, it shows the modern capitalist progressiveness of Gaeseong ginseng merchants, who do not stay in landownership and commercial capital, but convert them to productive capital and contribute to society by modernizing them. The three symbolisms show the spirit of the times of the Gaeseong ginseng merchants, clearly revealing the meaningful relationship between the Korean people and ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

The objective of the study was to examine the associations of dietary carbohydrate and fat intake with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. A cross-sectional study was employed based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination (2007-2016). A total of 22,850 women aged 19 to 69 years were studied after excluding responses from pregnant or lactating women and those with missing metabolic values. Dietary intake data were collected with a 24-hour recall method. Dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes were divided into quintiles. After controlling for confounding variables, a multivariable logistic regression and general linear model were used. The findings indicated that HDL cholesterol levels were lower (p for trend<0.01), while triglyceride levels (p for trend=0.04), waist circumference (p for trend<0.01), and systolic blood pressure (p for trend<0.01) were higher among participants in the highest quintile of carbohydrate intake compared to those in the lowest quintile. Participants in the highest quintile of fat intake had lower waist circumference (p for trend=0.02), triglyceride level (p for trend<0.01), and systolic blood pressure (p for trend<0.01), while higher HDL cholesterol level (p for trend<0.01) compared to those in the lowest fat intake quintile. Metabolic syndrome was more likely to be present in the highest quintile of carbohydrates intake than in the lowest quintile (5^th quintile vs. 1^st quintile, OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.57). However, metabolic syndrome was less likely to be present in the highest quintile of fat intake than in the lowest quintile (5^th quintile vs. 1^st quintile, OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.86). This study revealed that high dietary carbohydrate intake and low dietary fat intake were associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean women.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.88
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• pp.103-122
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• 2013

This paper aims to study on conceptual suitability or unfitness of Silhak(實學). It is general that by criticizing Chujahak(朱子學) or beyond the limitation of Seonglihak(性理學), Silhak has developed practical tendency to reforming the society in the middle and end of Chosen Dynasty, related to the context of Korean national reflection in modern times. However, it is unfortunate to be understood. As presented in Chosenwangjosillok(『朝鮮王朝實錄』), there has been a few usages in the term 'Silhak'. In short, it was different from its contemporary meaning. At that time, it was usually used to have the meaning of Gyunghak(經學), compared to Sajanghak(詞章學), or rarely, of 'the true study' or 'the practical study'. Therefore, it is to claim that its conception has been manipulated or exaggerated very seriously. Since 1930s, in particular, its conception has been misused in interpreting works of Jung Yak-Yong by some scholars, such as Jung In-Bo, Moon Il-Pyung and An Jae-Hong, who tried to apply the term to overcome the Japanese colonial era symbolised as modernity based on the future life of Korea. Even though their attempt has led to have crucial discussions on the conceptions of Silhak, it has an unnecessary result that there has been a new and totally different understanding of Silhak in South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, etc., which means that the unsustainable conception of Silhak has been one of major problems in studying of Silhak. To give an practical solution, I would try to make sense of 'time spirit' whose scholars studied Silhak in the middle and end of Chosen Dynasty. A problem, however, is that a scholar group in the name of Bukhakpa(北學派) had certain links and bonds. This is because many scholars studying of Silhak were usually features out of the main stream, which made them it difficult to form any various groups. That is to say, it seems to be natural that they have dreamed of utopian imaginations less than of overlapping points in reality. To sum up, it would be concluded at least that any approach to human lives and thoughts in the given conceptions of Silhak, e.g. ethical thoughts of Silhak, enables us to be indifferentiated to take its true meaning and time spirit of Chosen Dynasty. To be disenchanted of its social roles in Chosen Dynasty, fundamentally, it should be escaped from the wrong net of illusions and sings in understanding Silhak in certain eclectic steps.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.33-54
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• 2010

Woodam(愚潭) Jeong Si-han(丁時翰, 1625-1707) played an important role in the formation and development of the Toegye School. This writing explores the way Woodam understood the thought of Toegye(退溪, 1501-1570) as presented in The Book of Four-Seve Demonstration(四七辨證) The 17th century that Woodam lived in was the period in which monism and dualism coexisted. Woodam's understanding of Toegye's thought can be summarized as follows: 1) Woodam followed Toegye's li(理)-qi(氣) defense and his view on the origin of nature and emotion, acknowledging Toegye as the orthodox transmitter of Zhu Xi's teachings, 2) Woodam considered that the difference between the past and the contemporary teachings was simply caused by the difficulty of comprehending the character "li (principle) ". Thus he criticized Yulgok(栗谷, 1536-1584)'s claim that "that which rises is qi (material force), and that which gives rise to qi is li," and followed instead Toegye's views of the entivity, dynamism, and ultimacy of li and its substantial function. Yet, Woodam further developed Toegye's thought and asserted that "in the midst of the marvelous unity of li and qi, li is always dominant and qi is always ancillary." 3) Woodam criticized Yulgok's thought and advocated Toegye's doctrine of the mutual motion of li and qi(理氣互發說), thereby following Toegye's insistence that difference can be observed in sameness and sameness can be observed in difference, that integrative thinking is needed to constructively embrace both analytic and synthetic judgments. In conclusion, Woodam understood profoundly and correctly Toegye's views on the relationship between li and qi and between nature and emotion, and explained them more concretely. In so doing, he endeavored to live the life by the teachings of Toegye.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.683-701
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the status of dietary behavior and nutrition intakes according to the gender and the level of physical activity of adolescents. Methods: Data from 659 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2018) were analyzed. Collected data were analyzed using complex sampling data analysis with SPSS v. 27.0. Results: The adolescents were categorized into three groups based on their physical activity as follows: The first group with high physical activity (8.9%), a second group with normal physical activity (29.7%), and a third group without physical activity (61.4%). Boys showed significantly higher physical activity than the girls. Adolescents with high physical activity had a significantly lower body mass index than adolescents without physical activity, but their meal regularity, subjective health status, and recognition of body image were significantly higher. In terms of biochemical factors, adolescents with high physical activity had lower triglycerides and cholesterol than adolescents without physical activity, while hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly higher. In addition, the intakes of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamin B₁, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron increased significantly as adolescents' physical activity increased. Conclusion: The physical activity of adolescents had a positive effect on dietary behavior, lifestyle, and nutritional factors. Therefore, it is necessary to increase participation in physical classes in schools and develop various programs considering the level of physical activity among adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1309-1321
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• 2023

This study was conducted by dividing L-arginine intake group (n=14) and placebo group (n=14) to investigate the effect of L-arginine intake on athletic performance, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, and ammonia of men's college Taekwondo Kyorugi players during 8-week of intensive winter training. The L-arginine intake group consumed a total of 3 g, including 1 g for breakfast, 1 g for lunch, and 1 g for dinner, and the placebo group consumed maltodextrin in the same way. The 8-week winter training program was conducted at 70-90%HRR (heart rate reserve). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for the interaction between the L-arginine intake group and the placebo group of the measured data, paired t-test was used for the difference between the periods within the group, and the difference between groups was analyzed using independent t-test. As a result, there was an interaction between groups in the average number of kicks among the performance ability through the TAAA (Taekwondo-specific aerobic anaerobic agility) test , and the main effect between groups was shown (p<.05). In addition, there was an interaction between groups and time in the kick fatigue index (p<.05). In lactate, the time-interaction were shown (p<.05) and interaction effects and inter-time main effects were observed in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)(p<.05). In the case of ammonia, the interaction effect between the group and time was shown (p<.05). These results show that L-arginine intake can play a positive role in quickly synthesizing nitric oxide in blood vessels and expanding blood vessels to quickly remove fatigue-causing substances in the body for athletes who are easily exposed to fatigue after high-intensity training for male college Taekwondo Kyorugi players. Therefore, it is recommended to take L-arginine as a way to improve the performance of high-intensity elite Taekwondo Kyorugi players and recover from fatigue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.320-328
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• 2008

Background: Numerous surgical devices for mitral repair have been used in the past with good results. In this study we describe a simple annuloplasty technique with using a new device ($Mitracon^{(R)}$). The aim of this study was to assess its efficacy and surgical results with using $Mitracon^{(R)}$. Material and Method: From May 2003 to October 2005, 46 patients (21 women and 25 men (mean age of $51.4{\pm}17.8$ years) with mitral regurgitation from various causes were treated with either the $Mitracon^{(R)}$ (the $Mitracon^{(R)}$ group) or the Capentier Edward rigid ring (the CE group). The median follow-up duration was 18.9 months. Result: The mean grade of mitral regurgitation before and immediately after surgery in the $Mitracon^{(R)}$ group and the CE group decreased from $3.2{\pm}0.8$ to $0.6{\pm}0.7$ and $3.4{\pm}0.7$ to $0.3{\pm}0.5$, respectively. There were no significant changes in the ejection fraction either between the two groups or before and immediately after surgery. No deaths were seen in either group. Early postoperative echocardiography of all 46 patients showed only trivial mitral regurgitation or none at all. Echocardiography at a median of 18.9 months also showed no progression in mitral regurgitation. The mean grade of mitral regurgitation in the $Mitracon^{(R)}$ group at this time point decreased from $3.2{\pm}0.8$ to $0.8{\pm}0.7$ (p<0.05). The CE group also showed a similar degree of decrease from $3.4{\pm}0.7$ to $0.3{\pm}0.6$ (p<0.05). The mitral valve area in the $Mitracon^{(R)}$ group at 1 year follow-up was $3.3{\pm}0.9cm^2$. The mitral valve area in the CE group was $2.7{\pm}0.6cm^2$. The mean mitral pressure gradient in the $Mitracon^{(R)}$ group at 1 year follow-up was $3.1{\pm}1.3$ mmHg. The mean pressure gradient in the CE group was $4.5{\pm}2.1$ mmHg, although any statistical significant difference for this between the groups was not reached. Conclusion: The present study showed the described technique to be safe and effective in the intermediate term. Because long term results are unavailable, a more extensive prospective randomized multicenter trial may be warranted to determine whether this procedure should be generally applied for repair of mitral valve disease.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2003

Purpose : To analyze the anterior stability and functional results after the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy based on meniscus status at the time of surgery. Materials and Methods : From October 1997 to October 2002, 78 patients (male 64 female 14) were treated by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy and followed more than 12 months (range, $12\~72$ months, average: 32 months). Average age was 32 years old (range, $18\~57$ years old). We divided the patients into 4 groups; Both menisci was intact (BMI, control group), lateral meniscus removed (LMR), medial meniscus removed (MMR) and both menisci removed (BMR). Anterior passive displacement (objective stability) was estimated using KT-2000 arthrometer under the loading of 15lb,20lb and 30lb and evaluated anterior drawer test, Lachman test, range of motion, thigh circumference. Functional evaluation system of IKDC, OAK and Lysholm knee score was used. Results : Average anterior displacement under the loading of 30lb were 2.47 mm, 2.96 mm, 2.96 mm and 3.57 mm in each group(BMI, LMR, MMR, BMR) and it was statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There is no statistically significant difference in average anterior displacement under the loading of 15lb and 20lb in each group but it has showed decreasing tendency in meniscal removed groups. The mean anterior displacement was within 3 mm in 21 cases, 15 cases, 24 cases and 12 cases (total 72 cases, $94\%$) under the loading of 15lb and 20 cases, 15 cases, 24 cases and 11 cases (total 70 cases, $91\%$) under the loading 20lb of in each group and postoperative knee joint stability has showed increasing tendency (p>0.05). The mean score was 94.5, 93.2, 92.2 and 90.4 points in each group and 71 cases $(91\%)$ were more than excellent or good with a OAK score and fair results were noted 4 cases in both meniscal removed group. There were 65 cases $(83\%)$ with a Lysholm knee score more than excellent or good, and IKDC grading were more than normal or nearly normal in 74 cases $(95\%)$ except 4 cases (2 cases in MMR group and 2 cases in BMR group). Conclusion : Long-term anterior stability and functional results of a successful ACL reconstruction affected by tile status of the menisci at the time of surgery and KT-2000 arthrometer was good for estimation of objective follow up.