• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

Background : A tracheobronchial obstruction in lung cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent respiratory infection. It is well known that one of standard treatments is photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tracheobronchial obstruction after radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery. We reported here the role of PDT in airway obstruction in patients advanced lung cancer. Method : Pre-treatment protocol consisted of clinical, radiologic, and bronchoscopic examination, pulmonary function test, and assessment of Karnofsky performance status. A 2 mg/kg of porfimer sodium was injected intravenously, and then followed by cylindrical and/or interstitial irradiation with 630 nm of laser after 48 hours. The repeated bronchoscopy for debridement of necrotic tissue and re-illumination was performed after 48 hours. Result : Improved airway obstruction and selective tumor necrosis were achieved by photodynamic therapy in all cases. Dyspnea and performance status were improved in three cases. A purulent sputum, fever and hemoptysis were improved in one of five cases. After PDT, all patients showed temporarily aggravation of dyspnea, two of five showed febrile reaction for a few days and nobody presented photosensitivity reaction, hemoptysis and respiratory failure. Conclusion : Our experiences of PDT are effective in palliation of inoperable advanced lung cancer in terms of tracheobronchial obstruction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2006

A 70-year-old man was referred to the department of pulmonology due to blood tinged sputum and an abnormal chest X-ray. The chest X-ray and CT scans revealed a lobulated contour mass-like lesion in the left upper lung field. The bronchoscopic examination showed a whitish and polypoid mass occluding the left upper lobe bronchus. A biopsy specimen from the lesion revealed many aspergillus hyphae. Intravenous and oral itraconozole were administered over a 4 weeks period. Several months later, the size of the mass on chest X-ray increased and a percutaneous lung biopsy revealed a sarcomatoid carcinoma. We reported a case of lung cancer that was obscured by an endobronchial aspergilloma with a review of the relevant literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.894-902
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• 1996

Background : Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of new vessels toward and within tumor. It has been demonstrated that the growth of tumor beyond a certain size requires angiogenesis and it is closely involved in tumor progression and metastasis. The finding that intensity of neovascularization correlates independently with metastasis may lead to identification of patients in whom radical surgery should be supplemented by systemic treatment. Method : We have collected paraffin blocks of bronchoscopic biopsy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We highlighted the vessel by staining endothelial cell with JC70 monoclonal antibody(to CD31) immunohistochemically and counted microvessels under 200 X field using light microscopy. Results : 1) The mean microvessel count was $32.7{\pm}20.8$ (9-96) in total 29 cases. 2) There were no correlations between microvessel counts and pathologic cell type, T staging, node melastasis(N) and hematogenous metastasis(M) (p>0.05). 3) The median follow-up duration was 15 months(2-46) and there was no correlation between the microvessel counts and survival rate of lung cancer patients (p>0.05). Conclusion : Tumor angiogenesis seems to be an important prognostic factor suggesting the probability of metastasis. But the microvessel count in the bronchoscopic biopsy specimen was inadequate and very limited. There has been no data about angiogenesis of lung cancer in korea yet So the study of tumor angiogenesis using resected lung tumor specimen would be demanded.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

The bronchial varices in mitral stenosis are uncommon and incidentally discovered during bronchoscopy. Although bronchial varices are primarily associated with bronchial or pulmonary disease, the bronchial vein can be dilated with increased pulmonary venous pressure secondary to mitral stenosis. The bronchial varices may present massive hemoptysis. The hemoptysis can be controlled by mitral commissurotomy or mitral valve replacement in case of mitral stenosis. We report a case of bronchial varies in a patient with severe mitral stenosis. The bronchial varices were found incidentally during bronchoscopy and they were nearly disappeared by mitral valve replacement.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.785-788
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• 2007

Epidural emphysema and pneumoscrotum with subcutaneous emphysema are rare in a child past the neonatal period. Their most common causes are bronchial asthma and respiratory infection. Here, we report an 18-month-old boy who was presented with severe air leak, consisting of epidural emphysema, pneumoscrotum, subcutaneous emphysema, and pneumomediastinum, complicated by a bronchial foreign body. The air leak was resolved dramatically after removing the foreign body.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 1999

Background: Even though lung cancer has become a major cancer in Korea, national survey for lung cancer has not been available except several reports from individual hospitals. Methods: Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases retrospectively investigated the characteristics of lung cancer diagnosed from January 1997 to December 1997 at general hospitals over 400 beds. Results: Among 3,794 patients, 76.8% are smokers and 89.8% of male patients are smokers. Squamous cell carcinoma is the leading type of lung cancer(44.7%) followed by adenocarcinoma(27.9%). Smoking rate in adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell cancer. Cough is the most common symptom, however, 7.2% are asymptomatic. Bronchoscopic biopsy has a main role in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell cancer but percutaneous needle biopsy has more important role in adenocarcinoma. Two-thirds of NSCLC patients were found in unresectable advanced stages. Conclusion: In contrast to other countries, squamous cell carcinoma is still the most frequent type of lung cancer. High proportions of smoker and advanced, unresectable lung cancer urge us to develop the program for cessation of smoking and early detection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.444-447
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• 2003

Sleeve pneumonectomy can be a method of treatment in a selected patient with bronchogenic carcinoma involving carina. A 64 years old male with a history of mitral valve replacement via midsternotomy 13 years ago and resection of papilloma of the vocal cord 2 years ago. The patient was admitted due to blood-tinged sputum. Bronchoscopy and computerized tomogram of the chest revealed 3.5 cm mass at lower margin of the trachea and totally obstructing the left main bronchus. A biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. He underwent left sleeve pneumonectomy through sequential bilateral thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass, and the pathologic stage was T4N0M0 stage IIIB. The patient is being followed through the outpatient clinic in good general condition.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.198-202
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• 2004

Tracheopathia osteoplastica(TO) is a rare, clinical and pathologic benign condition of unknown cause and characterized by submucosal cartilaginous or bony projections into tracheobroncheal lumen, usually not involved posterior membranous portion of tracheobroncheal tree. We report two cases of tracheopathia osteoplastica that involved trachea and both main bronchus, diagnosed by chest CT, fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.208-212
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• 1996

From 1990 to 1994, 10 patients were treated for tracheobronchial injury due to blunt trauma. 7 injuries resulted from motor vehicle accident. Common presenting signs included subcutaneous emphysema, dyspnea and hemoptysis. The most common radiologic findings were pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and hemothorax. The fiberoptic bronchoscopy was highly accurate method for the diagnosis. The operation method is simple closure except one patien underwent right pneumonectomy. One patient died because of respiratory distress and 9 patients recovered uneventfully and returned to normal activity. Early recognition and proper treatment of tracheobronchial injury is important.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.616-622
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• 2003

Leiomyoma of the bronchus is a very rare benign tumor of the lung. Leiomyoma is usually found in the young and the middle age. The symptom depends on the location of the tumor, it's size, and changes in the lung distal to the lesion. Obstructive symptoms due to leiomyoma could be similar to those of asthma and bronchitis, and therefore delayed diagnosis is common. The treatment of leiomyoma is conservative since there have been no reports of recurrence after limited resection. Recently bronchoscopic tumor resection has been applied to selected cases. We experienced two cases of bronchial leiomyoma initially misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma which were successfully excised by resection, end-to-end anastomosis and bronchoplasty. To prevent destructive changes of lung distal to obstruction and to preserve the pulmonary function, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important points of consideration.