• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2017

고효율의 에너지 변환 및 친환경적인 이점들을 이유로, 고분자전해질 연료전지(PEMFC)는 차세대 에너지 장치로 이목을 끌어왔다. 반면, 값비싼 백금 촉매의 이용은 연료전지의 상업적 이용에 주요한 결점으로 작용했다. 최근, Zelenay와 연구팀은 폴리아닐린-철-탄소 복합체구조에서 산소환원활성이 백금과 견주어 비슷한 성능을 낼 수 있음을 보고 하였다. Dodelet은 이러한 높은 성능이 전이금속의 영향에 의한 것일 수 있다는 주장을 하였다. 본 연구팀은 지난 연구에서 제일원리전산모사를 통해 니켈, 코발트, 구리등과 같은 전이금속이 질소가 도핑된 탄소 그래핀층에 미치는 거동을 밝혔다. 결론적으로, 금속들은 질소가 도핑된 그래핀의 전자구조를 바꿀 수 있고, 이러한 전자구조의 변화는 산소 환원반응에서 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 이론적 연구에 기반하여, 탄소층으로 감싼 금속은 내구성과 활성을 동시에 보유한 향후 전망있는 촉매 물질로 예상되어진다. 특히, 질소가 도핑된 탄소층으로 코팅된 철-코발트 합금은 계산을 통해 산소환원반응에서 우수할 것으로 예측되었다. 본 연구팀은 FeCo@N-C 나노입자를 직접 합성하였고, 이 촉매의 우수한 활성을 전기화학적, 구조적 관점에서 1) 질소의 도핑 효과, 2) 탄소의 두께 효과, 3) 합금효과에 집중하여 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

It can be known that from leachate generated in the initial stage of landfill there are a lot of undecomposed orgainc materials, its sulfur component reduces to sulfide ion by sulfur reducing microorgarnisms as an anaerobic digestion proceeds, the sulfide ion makes the leachate discolor to black by forming metal sulfide sol, on condition that much more equivalent of sulfide ion than that of metal ion is present, and the metal sulfide sol can be generated to the precipitates by forming black-colored particulates. Therefore, we can confirm the important possibility for the economic and efficient treatment of leachate that it can be passivated, provided that much more equivalent of sulfide ion is present in the reaction of sulfide ion and metal ion.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.264-268
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• 2007

The filtration performance of micron-sized metal fibrous filter was improved by synthesizing carbon nanotubes grown on the surface of metal fibers. The carbon nanotubes are grown with bush-like nanostructures covered around the micron-fibers or web-like nanostructures crossing between the fibers at different synthetic conditions. Filtration efficiency of CNT-metal-filter was measured and compared with the efficiency of the raw metal filter without CNTs. The developed CNT-metal-filter has higher filtration efficiency without significant difference in pressure drop compared with the conventional metal filter, which is because the carbon nanotubes function as the trap of pollutant nanoparticles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2012

아라미드 섬유는 태양광의 직사광선에 계속 노출될 경우 120주 경과 후에는 강도가 3분의 1로 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 이와 같은 단점을 보완하기 위해 나노 크기의 금속산화물인 $TiO_2$ 졸-겔 나노합성법을 이용하여 나노졸을 제조하고 이를 직물에 함침하는 공정을 통하여 아라미드 섬유의 내광성 증진에 대해 연구하였다. TTIP, TEOS 등의 금속전구체를 이용하여 구형의 나노졸 합성에 의한 $TiO_2$ 나노졸을 수분산형태의 졸로서 섬유가공 공정상에 접목하였다. 제조된 나노크기의 $TiO_2$ 입자분포와 크기, 미세구조 및 결정상을 알아보기 위해 입도분포분석기, TEM, XRD를 이용하였다. $TiO_2$ 나노졸을 함침한 아라미드 직물은 내광성은 24, 48, 96시간 동안 Xenon-arc 광조사한 후, 물성변화를 분석하였다. 나노졸 합성시 반응물의 농도 및 용액의 pH 조건에 따른 나노졸의 미세구조를 TEM을 이용하여 관찰한 결과, 반응물의 농도에 따라 평균입도는 313.7nm, 500.5nm, 840.3nm, 1002nm로 커졌다. 하지만, 반응물의 농도가 증가할수록 시간이 지남에 따라 입자들이 층 분리 현상이 관찰되었으며, 단분산된 나노졸 입자를 제조하기 위해서는 TTIP의 투입량을 0.67mole(200ml)로 유지하였다. 또한 이를 아라미드 직물에 함침하여 광조사 시간에 따른 아라미드 섬유의 물리적 특성의 변화를 분석하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

Sediment trap samples were collected to find out characteristic behaviors of metals in the settling particles by using time-series sediment traps at 678m and 1678m water depths in the Bransfield Strait from December 27th, 1999 to December 26th, 2000. Total mass fluxes at the intermediate water depth (678m water depth) were high in the austral summer and low in the austral winter, whereas at the deep water depth (1678m water depth) they showed high values in both the summer and winter. Total mass fluxes were generally higher in the deep water depth than in the intermediate water depth, which indicates that a substantial amount of sediments are laterally transported by strong currents into the deep basin from the shallow water depths. Aluminium contents also showed large seasonal variations with high values in the winter and low values in the summer. On the contrary, organic carbon contents were high in the summer and low in the winter. Al contents were negatively correlated with organic carbon contents, which may be ascribed that detrital particles are diluted by organic matter produced by phytoplankton in the surface waters. Metals measured in this study exhibited three characteristic behaviors; 1) a positive correlation with Al-Ti, Fe, Mn, V, Co, and Ba, 2) a negative correlation with Al-Cd and Zn, 3) no relationship with Al-Sr, Cu, Cr, Ni. Terrestrial materials may act as a major source fer metals that are positively correlated with Al, and organic matter may be a major source for metals that are negatively correlated with Al. Enrichment factor (EF) of Fe, Mn, Ba, Vi Co, Sr, Cr, and Ni ranged from 0.5 to 1.5, whereas EF of Zn, Cu, and Cd showed much higher values than 1.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.96-104
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• 1997

The present study was aimed to correlate the microstructure and the hardness as well as the wear resistance of the metal-ceramic particulated composite layer on the pure Al plate. The composite layers were constructed by the addition of TiC particles on the surface of Al-Cu alloyed layers by PTA overlaying process. Initially, the Al-Cu alloyed layers were achieved by the deposition of Al-(25 ~ 48%) Cu alloys on the pure Al plate by TIG process. It was revealed that TiC particles were uniformly dispersed without any reaction with matrix in the composite layer. The volume fraction of TiC particles (TiC V F) increased from 12% to 55% with increasing the number of pass of composite layer. Hardnesses of (Al-48%Cu + TiC (3&4layers)) composite layer were Hv450 and Hv560, respectively, due to the increase of TiC V/F. Hardnesses of (Al-Cu + TiC) composite layers decreased gradually with insreasing temperature from 100$^{\circ}$C to 400$^{\circ}$C, and hardnesses at 400$^{\circ}$C were then reached to 1/5 - 1/10 of room temperature hardness depending on the construction of composite layers. The Specific wear of (Al + Tic) layer and Al-48%Cu alloyed layer decreased to 1/10 of the of pure Al, while the specific wear of (Al-48%Cu + TiC (4 layers)) composite layer exhibited 1/15 of that of steel such as SS400 and STS304.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.608-613
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• 2003

In order to remove particles on surface of post-oxide CMP wafer, new cleaning solution was prepared by mixing with DHF (Diluted HF), nonionic surfactant PAAE (Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Aryl Ether), DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) and D.I.W.. Silicone wafers were intentionally contaminated by silica, alumina and PSL (polystylene latex) which had different zeta potentials in cleaning solution. This cleaning solution under megasonic irradiation could remove particles and metals simultaneously at room temperature in contrast to traditional AMP (mixture of $NH_4OH,\;H_2O_2$ and D.I.W) without any side effects such as increasing of microroughness, metal line corrosion and deposition of organic contaminants. This suggests that this cleaning solution would be useful future application with copper CMP in brush cleaning process as well as traditional post CMP cleaning process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.173.1-173.1
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• 2016

전이금속 디칼코게나이드는 서로 다른 전이 금속원소와 칼코겐 원소의 결합으로 이루어진 층상 구조의 물질로서, 그래핀과 비슷한 2D 결정성 구조를 지니면서도, 그래핀과는 달리 밴드갭을 가지는 반도체적 성질 때문에 최근 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 $WS_2$는 촉매, 전자, 광전자, 센서와 같은 반도체등 다양한 소자에 적용된다. $WS_2$ 합성 방법에는 기계적 박리법, 화학기상증착법, 용액법 등이 있다. 기계적 박리법은 방법이 간단하나 수율이 낮고 균일하게 얻어지지 않으며, 화학기상증착법은 고가의 고온공정이라는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 반면에 용액법은 제조공정이 쉬우며, 저가 대량생산이 가능하다는 이점이 있다. 더욱이 본래 용액법에서는 $WS_2$를 합성하기 위해 $WO_3$를 추가적으로 합성 후 진행하였지만, 쉽게 제조 가능한 $WO_3$ colloidal 용액을 이용하면 sulfurization을 진행하여 $WS_2$를 합성할 수 있다. colloidal 용액을 이용한 합성법은 입자크기 조절이 가능하기 때문에 균일한 나노입자를 uniform 하게 형성할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 $WO_3$ colloidal 용액을 spin coating 과 sulfurzation 공정을 거쳐 2D triangle $WS_2$의 합성 및 특성을 분석하였다. 2D $WS_2$의 나노결정구조, 입자 형상 및 광학 특성을 주사전자현미경, 라만 분광기, x-ray 회절분석기 등을 통해 확인하였다. 또한, 합성된 $WS_2$를 이용하여 트랜지스터를 제작하여 전기적 특성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2009

Pd was deposited on magnesium-oxide-covered magnesium ribon substrate by metal thermal evaporation method in high vacuum. The electronic and chemical properties of Pd samples with different coverages were studied using in-situ X-ray Photoelctron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For relatively lower amounts of Pd deposited(< 1nm), separate Pd particles could be observed, whereas at higher Pd coverages, Pd thin films caused by agglomeration of Pd nanoparticles was found. The metal support interaction with Pd-support was observed. The Pd atoms on the metal oxide/metal interface were partially negative charged by charge transfer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.515-520
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• 2012

In this review, the fabrication of silicon based memory capacitor and organic memory thin film transistors (TFTs) was discussed for their potential identification tag applications and biosensor applications. Metal or non-metal nanoparticles (NPs) could be capped with chemicals or biomolecules such as protein and oligo-DNA, and also be self-assembly monolayered on corresponding target biomolecules conjugated dielectric layers. The monolayered NPs were formed to be charging elements of a nano floating gate layer as forming organic memody deivces. In particular, the strong and selective binding events of the NPs through biomolecular interactions exhibited effective electrostatic phenomena in memory capacitors and TFTs formats. In addition, memory devices fabricated as organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) have been intensively introduced to facilitate organic electronics era on flexible substrates. The memory OTFTs could be applicable eventually to the development of new conceptual devices.