• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.16-31
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• 2007

This study is about the costume depicted upon the fraction of fresco which was excavated from Kumseong-li, Hwadae-Gun, Hamkyungbuk-Do, North Korea in 2004. According to the characteristics of its relics, this tomb was reported to belong to Parhae Dynasty(698-926). The fraction of fresco only shows below part of the knees of a man. A light red colored robe reaches down to his ankles on the back, whereas front part of it looks tucked up, which is likely to have slits on both side seams. Although tightly wrapped shins were reported as a pair of gaiters, there is no decisive evidence on the fresco. I suggest another possibility that this man wore slim pants. Also in order to figure out if these shins are considered as gaiters, I proceed comparative research on the historical sources about gaiters of countries and eras adjacent to Parhae. Consequently the idea that people of Parhae might have used gaiters turned out to be acceptable. The black boots show rather basic style: the toe tips are not pointed up, boot leg doesn't look either wide or long. These boots can not be identified with Ammohwa(暗摸靴) which the envoy Yang(楊) gave the protocol Miyakoyoshika(都良香) at his official visit to Japan, because Ammohwa has not yet been properly defined.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2000

The Sacheon bay region functioned as a strategic place as the bay provided a major sea-route leading to the Kyungnam province. So it is no wonder that a number of castles and walls were located in such an outlying post of strategic importance. In the bay region there are found Sacheon, Gonyang and Seonghwangdang town castles, Yeegu, Seongbangri, Shinbyukdong, Duckgockri, Baekcheondong and Gaksan miltary castles, Seonjinri and Sadung Japanese castles, Kumseonri and Wueolseongri mud walls, Gaksan, Anjeom, Chimzi and Usan beacon-post walls, and Tongyang, Gasan and Jangam warehouse walls(사천읍성, 곤양읍성, 성황당산성, 이구산성, 성방리산성, 신벽동산성, 덕곡리산성, 백천동산성, 각산산성, 사등산성지, 선진리성, 금성리 토성, 월성리 토성지, 각산봉수대성, 안점봉수대성, 침지봉수대성지, 우산봉수대성, 통양창성지, 가산창성지, 장암창성). Castles are, according to their functions, classified into two: town castles and military castles. In the former castles people live permanently, but in the latter people do not. Military castles are occupied only in time of emergence. Beside the two types, two Japanese castles, two old mud walls, four beacon-post walls, and three warehouse-post walls are found in the Sacheon bay region. Castles are also classified into plain castles and mountain castles according to their location. Mud, stone, wood, and brick materials were used for castle and wall building. As the castles and walls of the bay region are precious cultural assets, they should be preserved and protected with much attention. It should be remembered that in the future they can be the most valuable tourist attractions all around.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.11 s.174
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• pp.8-18
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• 1983

- 내년도 사업계획 및 예산안 심의(과총이사회, 5개 신규단체 가입승인도) - 아태지역 신재생 에너지 국제세미나(과총, FEISEAP 공동주최로 개최) - 고려인삼의 해독작용 규명(인삼연, 이 재열 박사팀, 미독성학회지에 발표) - 월성로형 핵연료 시제품 로내 실증시험(에너지연, 캐나다에서 성공리에 마쳐) - 국내 첫 통합연구단지 건설(럭키금성그룹, 안양에 산하 8개 연구소 입주)

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.649-652
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• 2008

Glass is often recycled. In order to recycle, glass is crushed and ground. During this process, glass powder is generated. Most of this scrap glass powder is disposed in landfills. The glass powder, consisting of 73% SiO$_2$ and 16% Al$_2$O$_3$, is richer in components necessary for polymerization than fly ash. In this study, the fluidity and compressive strength of cement zero mortar were investigated, where cement zero mortar was prepared by mixing 5$\sim$15% of glass powder with 100% fly ash mortar. Result of flow test concluded that workability was not affected by adding the powder. After aging for 28 days, the compressive strength increased by approximately 6% with 5% addition of scrap glass powder. With 10% addition, the strength remained the same. In case of 15% addition, the compressive strength decreased by approximately 6%. To summarize the results, 5$\sim$10% addition of scrap glass powder is considered to be most appropriate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1988

In roastal fish farms the farmers, especialy engaging in dealing with the floating cage culture, going to know about relationships between holding capacity and water quality in cage. Some of water quality managers and specialists studing physiological ecology understand that the key of water quality management concerned fish farming is budget of dissolved oxygen. This paper deals with oxygen budget in floating cage of the yellow tail farms at southern coastal area in Korea. The sampling station is located at Konli-Do fish farm near Chungmu, and the data is collected for 24 hours from 3:00 p.m. 8th September 1987. In result, the needed oxygen coming after the consumption by the rearing fish had been supplied with the tide current exchange, the sum of oxygen produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis and diffused from atmosphere are no more that $43\%$ for the needs of sea water consumption included respiration of planktons and decomposition of organic matters. The optimum holding capacity of cage is possible to compute with the calculation of minimum diurnal water exchange rate $[Qin{\cdot}V^{-1}\;(C-\bar{c})]$ through net mesh of cage.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.40-47
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the strength, shrinkage and durability of alkali-activated mortar using blast furnace slag only, and admixed with blast-furnace slag and fly ash as cementious materials in oder to develop cementless alkali-activated concrete. In order to compare with the alkali-activated mortar, the normal mortar using ordinary portland cement was also test. In view of the results, we found out that strength development, the resistance to shrinkage and freezing-thawing of the cementless alkali-activated mortar have better than the mortar using ordinary portland cement. Especially, using the combined with blast furnace slag and fly ash develop high strength of above 60 MPa, reduce shrinkage of about 40% and improve freezing-thawing durability of approximately 20%, but promote the velocity of carbonation of 2~3 times.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.28-38
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to develop the alkali-activated concrete which uses 100% fly ash as a binder without any cement. The compressive strength of the mortar was examined depending on the chemical change in alkali-activator through SEM and SEM/EDS observations and the XRD analysis. It was found from the test that the higher molar concentration induced the greater effect on the initial strength, and that $Si^{4+}$ and $Al^{3+}$ were eluted relative to the compressive strength of mortar. In addition, it was confirmed that Al and Si were determined to be most influential ingredients on the microstructural development of the mortar, and that the different ingredient of the activator was almost no change in solidity from the XRD analysis.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.23
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

The excavations of Tombs Nos. 2 and 3 in Daeri-ri, Uiseong within the tomb complex on Geumseongsan Mountain revealed grayish-white organic matter of an undetermined shape and use beneath some horse tack. Stereoscopic examination revealed the matter to be decayed rice bran. That the matter was found spread beneath a saddle and the findings of microscopy suggest that the rice bran was used as filler for a saddle cloth that was placed underneath the saddle to reduce the friction between the saddle and the horse. The exact shape and composition of the filler are difficult to verify due to the lack of related organic matter other than the rice bran. Further discovery of rice bran along with horse tack in different situations will provide an opportunity to more closely investigate the precise uses of the rice bran found in ancient tombs.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the strengthening process of advanced beginner's nursing competence through the concept mapping methods. Methods: This study was conducted with focus group study for 1 month from November to December 2012 (n=5). Data were analyzed through open coding, axial coding and selection coding stage. Results: Advanced beginner to represent the experience of nursing empowerment and the three categories of the nine concepts were derived. The first category is 'able to see the entire search.' This concept is to start a search query, the search process of thinking, behavior change is expected. The second category is 'behavior change through the acquisition of knowledge.', and this concept is the embodiment of knowledge, confidence rising, and action changing. The third category is 'nursing empowerment', the aesthetic, ethical, and personal knowledge acquisition, as well as self-growth. Conclusion: Advanced beginner saw the full flow through the concept mapping and obtained knowledge, and changed behavior. Thus, the concept mapping is effective to strengthen the nursing competence.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.21
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• pp.53-66
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• 2019

This study describes the processes undertaken for the conservation treatment of metal artifacts excavated in Hasong-ri, Yeongwol, Gangwon-do and the results of the related surface composition analysis. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was applied to analyze the surface composition of a small gilt-bronze wind chime, two clappers, and a small gourd-shaped bronze bottle. The gourd-shaped bronze bottle was investigated using radiography to examine its internal structure. The wind chime and clappers were excavated from the same location. A gilt layer was identified on the wind chime, but surface corrosion made it difficult to identify any such layers on the clappers. The element analysis revealed that the wind chime was made of bronze in a Cu-Sn-Pb ternary system and was gilt-plated using mercury amalgam. The clappers were made from copper with a small amount of gold detected, but did not show any evidence of mercury. Since a thick corrosion layer was affixed to the surface of each clapper, it was impossible to identify the surface composition and determine if the clappers had been gilded. It is possible that the gold detected from the clappers was a foreign substance or had detached from the giltbronze wind chime buried alongside them. The small gourd-shaped bronze bottle was investigated through surface element analysis and radiography to verify if it was a type of silver bottle used as currency during the Goryeo dynasty. The radiography photography identified that a small hole in the middle of the base had been stopped up. The general surface analysis did not detect silver, which suggests that the bottle was made of bronze instead and was not one of the silver bottles used as a means of currency.