• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.271-280
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• 2013

This study tried to analyze the impact of climate change on ecological habitat. In this regard, the Rhynchocypris Kumgangensis was selected among the CBIS(Climate-sensitive Biologocal Indicator Species) suggested by the Ministry of Environment. And ecological habitat and restrictive conditions for its survival was surveyed. Future runoff and water quality in the upstream of Pyungchang river were simulated by appling climate change scenarios to SWAT model which is able to simulate water quality. The estimated results explained characteristics on the increase of runoff, BOD, and water temperature and the decrease of DO in the future. The restrictive condition on ecological habitat of the Rhynchocypris Kumgangensis was used water quality during the April to May spawning season since BOD and DO were satisfactory as the first grade of water criteria in the estimated result of future water quality. As a result, it was analyzed that habitat of the Rhynchocypris Kumgangensis in the present was possible about 50~60% of the river. But the habitat would be decreased gradually in the future and would be possible in a very small part of the river in the long term.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

To investigate the effect of turbid water on fish population, the length-weight relationship and its condition factor were applied to Kumgang fat minnow Rhynchocypris kumgangensis collected in turbid (the Daegi and the Jaun streams) and non-turbid stream (the Bongsan and the Gyebang streams) for a year from 2004 to 2005. The mean length of minnow between turbid water and non-turbid water streams was not significantly different. In the South River system, the regression coefficients (b) based on length-weight relationship were 3.21 in the non-turbid Bongsan stream and 3.07 in the turbid Daegi stream, respectively. On contrary, the regression slope in the turbid stream was a little higher than that of the non-turbid stream located in the Bukhan River system. The values were 3.20 in the Gyebang-stream and 3.23 in the Jaun stream, respectively. Our result suggested that chronic turbid water effect on the level of fish population has a little or no effect.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.141.2-141
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• 2001

• River and Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.50-51
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• 2013

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.677-685
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• 2019

We investigated the ecological characteristics of kumgang fat minnow (Rhynchocypris kumgangensis) in the Eocheon stream from October 2017 to September 2018. The water temperature was 10.2- 14.3℃ and remained below 15℃ during the year. The fishes in cohabitation with kumgang fat minnow were Cottus koreanus (16.62%), Phoxinus phoxinus (10.74%), Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (1.55%), Oncorhynchus mykiss (0.56%), Zacco koreanus (0.28%), and Iksookimia koreensis (0.14%%). The ratio of females to males was 1:0.91 and did not vary widely. The frequency analysis of total length indicated that the fishes with less than 40 mm in total length were one year old, those with 40 - 69 mm were two years old, those with 70 - 84 mm were three years old, and those with 85 mm or more were four years old for individuals collected in May through June. The sexually mature fishes were over two years old. The spawning season was from late May to late August, and the water temperature was 12.5~14.5℃ during the period. The prosperous spawning season was from June to July, and the water temperature was 13.6 - 14.5℃ during the spawning period. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was 1,006 (664 - 1,666) per matured female, and the matured eggs were yellowish and spherical with a mean diameter of 1.34±0.17 mm. The length-weight correlation of R. kumgangensis was BW = 0.00003TL^2.77 with the constant a as 0.00003, b as 2.77, the average condition factor (K) as 1.04(0.65~1.48), and the slope as -0.0012. The kumgang fat minnows inhabiting in the spring water had a longer spawning period, a fewer number of eggs in ovaries, and the lower condition factor (K) than those inhabiting other areas.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2007

Oocyte surface in two Korean minnows, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus and R. kumgangensis was examined by light and electron microscope. In two species, the development of the oocyte was similar, but the follicular layer surrounding full-grown oocyte showed an evident difference. In R. oxycephalus, the follicular layer at the yolk vesicle stage became bilaminar with the retention of its outer squamous cell layer and the acquisition of an inner cuboidal or round cell layer just over the zona radiata. As the oocyte grows, the cuboidal cells of the inner follicular layer began to be replaced by columnar cells. At the yolk granule stage, the columnar cells secreted mucin to their cytoplasm (adhesive materials) and then surround the entire oocyte, as bundles of fence-shaped structures. Whereas, although the follicular layer of R. kumgangensis had an outer squamous layer and an inner cuboidal or round cell layer at the yolk vesicles as in R. oxycephalus, no inner cells were more changed with the retention of its cuboidal or round cells. Finally, in R. kumgangensis, the adhesive materials did not occur. In Korean two minnows, the structural difference in the oocyte surface seems to be related to their habitats and spawning characteristics as well as taxonomic characters.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.745-750
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• 2016

Morphological characteristics and population characteristics of the Rhynchocypris kumgangensis were investigated at Taehwa River from April 2014 to April 2015. This is the first record on R. kumgangensis not only from Guksu stream (the upstream region of Taehwa River, Ulsan-si Ulchu-gun Beomseo-eup Kuksu-ri) but also from the stream flowing into the Gangneungnamdae stream, in the southern part of East Sea, Korea. The morphometric characteristics of R. kumgangensis in the Taehwa River and the Han River are very similar except that the population at Taehwa River showed shorter caudal peduncle length than caudal peduncle depth when compared with the population at Han River. In terms of meristic character the population at Taehwa River showed fewer numbers of scales at the lateral line, above the lateral line and below the lateral line. Other than that, the two populations showed the same meristic characters. The fish cohabiting with R. kumgangensis mainly composed of Zacco platypus (25.2%), Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (24.1%) and Zacco koreanus (21.8%). Length frequency distribution analysis indicated that the length of the group ranged between 45~65 mm and the average length was 54.3 mm. Calculation of the length-weight relation of R. kumgangensis showed the value of constant a as 0.000002 and b as 3.34, and the Condition factor (K) was 1.10 an on average.

• 한국상하수도협회지
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• s.3
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• pp.84-85
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• 2003

일반인들은 BOD나 COD가 몇 ppm 쯤 되어야 1급수인지, 또는 DO의 농도는 얼마나 되어야 2급수가 되는지 알고 있을까? 그 숫자들을 기억하는 사람들은 별로 없을 것이다. 그러나 집 앞에 흐르는 냇물이 1급수인지, 2급수인지 쉽게 판별하는 아주 좋은 방법이 있다. 바로 지표생물을 통해서이다. 어떤 환경에 서식하면서 그 환경의 상태를 나타내는 생물들을 지표생물이라 하는데, 수환경도 마찬가지로 금강모치나 플라나리아가 살면 1급수, 피라미는 2급수, 붕어나 잉어가 살면 3급수, 실지렁이가 살면 4-5급수 등으로 구분할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-110
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• 1997

To clarify the structure and function of ecosystem and establish the method for the conservation of biodiversity and community analysis at Soksacheon and Gyebangcheon, the authors surveyed the aquatic environment and freshwater fish fauna at 13 stations from July, 1995 to June, 1996. Collected 1,908 individuals were belong to 20 Species, 4 Oredr, 1 Suborder, 6 family, 7 Subfamily. The detail results are as follows. 1. It was confirmed that most of the surveyed stations were mountain valley of river type Aa, Ab. River structures were mixed with pebble, sand, rock and water quality of Soksacheon were pH(7.41), [COND.(0.051), TURB.(10.00), DO(8.66), W.T.(15.4)] and Gyebangcheon were pH(7.44), [COND.(0.097), TURB.(21.59), DO(9.35), W.T.(15.4)]. 2. Among them, 18 species were primary freshwater fishes(99.98%) and 2 species of pheripheral freshwater fishes(0.02%). 12 species(60%) of them were endemic species of Korea and they were Moroco kumgangenesis, Microphysogovio longidorsalis, Cobitis rotundicaudata, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Coreoleucisus splendidus, Cobitis longicorpus, Oncorhynchus masou ishikawai, Brachymystax lenok, Hemibarbus longirostris, Silurus microdorsalis, Cobitis koreensis koreensis and Hemibarbus mylodon. 3. Dominant species were Moroco kumgangenesis(46.85%) and Zacco temmincki(27.35%).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2000

Population ecology of Rhynchocypris keumgangensis have been investigated at upper part of the Han River in Korea from January to December, 1995. The habitat was low water temperature and clean area, and stream form was Aa. The major cohabitation fish was Phoxinus phoxinus. The total lengths in this population indicated that below 40 mm group is one year old, 40~65 mm group is two years old, 65~80 mm group is three year and the 80 mm longer group is regarded over four years old. There were no differences in total length distribution between the female and the male. The males became sexually mature, when longer than 45 mm and females longer than 65 mm in total length. Spawning season was from April to mid May with the water temperature in $11{\sim}14^{\circ}C$ and the properous period was April. The mean number of eggs in ovary was 1,616. The sex ratio all the year round of the female to the male was 1 : 0.75. The current velocity of the spawning ground was 44 (20~80) cm/sec and water depth was 35 (5~70) cm. Eggs were laied in 5~15 cm deep underneath the immaculate pebbles (2~6 cm). Sex ratio of the female to the male was 1 : 6.90 for spawning behavior.