• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2009

This study was initiated to evaluate the K leaching potential in the green soils and K uptake by the turfgrass in the golf course using the K fertilizers. The turfgrass, Floradwarf bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon L. $P_{ERS}$.) was planted and grown in the mixture of sand and peat moss in this lysimeter study. Eight representative K fertilizers, such as, monopotassium phosphate (MKP), KCL, $K_2SO_4$, $KNO_3$, CKCl, $CK_2SO_4$, $CKNO_3$, and 0-20-20(liquid) were used in this study. Based on the total K quantity of leachate collected during the whole 12 weeks, 0-20-20 is the K fertilizers the most contributing to the leaching of K, then MKP, the second, KCL, the third, and finally $KNO_3$ are K fertilizers contributing to the K leaching. However, most amount of K applied and collected in the lysimeter were leached during the first period of two and four weeks, compared to that of K leached during the second period of six, eight, ten, and twelve weeks. Application of CKCL and $CK_2SO_4$ producted the largest amount of total dry matter, then MKP and KCL, $KNO_3$ and $CKNO_3$, 0-20-20 in second group. However, except $K_2SO_4$, most K fertilizer sources such as MKP, KCL, $KNO_3$, CKCL, $CK_2SO_4$, $CKNO_3$, 0-20-20 showed the largest amount of K uptake, except $K_2SO_4$. Therefore, based on the K leaching, dry matter production, and plant K uptake, it appears that the coated fertilizers, CKCL, $CKNO_3$, and $CK_2SO_4$ are the environmentally sound fertilizers recommended in the turfgrass green soil of golf course.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 1989

An incubation study was conducted to examine the effect of soil pH and temperature on nitrification potential of 8 different soil series applied with no-N and 200 ugN/g soil as a compound fertilizer at 60 % moisture content of maximum water holding capacity for 8 weeks, whose series were ranged from acid to mild alkali as Gopyeong(Jincheon, pH 4.51), Yesan(Jincheon, pH 4.54), Jigog(Eumseong, pH 4.71), Songsan(Goesan, pH 5.01), Angye(Seongju, pH 5.34), Banho(Seongju, pH 5.73), Weongog(Jincheon, pH 5.93), and Banho(Seongju, pH 7.70), respectively. Interrelationship between the nitrifiable and the net $NO_3-N$(N added plot-no-N plot) accumulated in the soil and tobacco yield in the no fertilizer plot were investigated as well. 1. Nitrification response was various according to soil characteristics at each temperature condition showing that nitrifiable $NO_3-N$ values of the soils were much higher at $25^{\circ}C$ than $15^{\circ}C$. And difference of nitrification potential affected by temperature was markedly distinguishable from 2 weeks after incubation and was showing a tendency to reduce with increasing of soil pH. 2. At each temperature condition, net $NO_3-N$ accumulated at 2 and 4 weeks after incubation was positively correlated with soil pH. 3. Tobacco yield in the no fertilizer plot was more highly correlated with the values of nitrifiable and net $NO_3-N$ accumulated at $15^{\circ}C$ similar to soil temperature in rhizosphere of early stage of tobacco growth than those at optimum temperature($25^{\circ}C$).

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 2009

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for Natural monumental old trees in Korea through survey of tree vigor and analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province were surveyed. The biological characteristics were surveyed with 4 items of species, ages and height of trees. The surrounding environments were surveyed with 2 items of location types and surroundings. The root conditions were surveyed with 2 items of denudation and molding depth. The health conditions were surveyed with 5 items of withering rate, cavity size, bark breakaway rate, damages by blight and insects, and growing tips. The soil conditions were surveyed with 6 items of PH, organic contents, valid phosphoric acid, transposal cations(K, Ca) and soil compaction. On the basis of outcomes of these research items, mutual relations among locations, growings and soil conditions of old trees were analyzed by carring out cross tabulation, correlation, and simple and multiple regression. Management guidelines were presented searching the factors effecting on the health of the monumental old trees. On the biological characteristics, the old trees designated as natural monuments were Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees). Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus mongolica, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 4.2 to 39.2m, and root collar rounds ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. On the surrounding environments, The location types ; Gardens(4), historical sites(5), residental sections(3) open agricultural fields(3), mountain hills(3), and near ocean beaches(1) and stream site(1). The surroundings ; 75% denudation of roots, molded more than 10cm except 4 trees(25%). On the health conditions, 1)Withering rate ; Ginkgo biloba(20%) in Yongmoon temple, (5%) in Saki-ri, kanwha-gun, and others had no withering rate. 2) Cavity size ; all subject had $5{\sim}100cm^3$ of cavity. 3) Bark breakaway rate ; Pinus bungeana in Soosong-dong, in the shrine of Confucius, in Samchung-dong, especially high rate of cavity(5~50%) in Seoul area and in Saki-ri, Kangwha-gun were high 45% brakeaway rate. 4) Damages by blight and insects was slight due to managements. 5Growing tips ; In cases of Juniperus chinensis in Changdeok palace and SunnogDang, seoul, growing tips were 1/2, presumably cause by air pollution, and in cases of Fraxinus rhynchophylla in Paju city and Pinus densiflora in BacksaDorip-ri, Icheon city, growing tips were fine, presumably because there were no moldings. On the Soil conditions, Soil pH ranged from 5.2 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12% to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm( among them, Denudation was severe with 21~28mm soil compactions in cases of Pinus bungeana in Soosong -dong, Thuja orientalis in Samchung -dong, Ginkgo biloba in the shrine of Confucius and in Yongmoon temple.) Results of cross tabulation, correlation, and regression analysis showed that molding depth was the most serious factor to deteriorate the tree vigor and cambium conductivity. In addition, soil acidity, organic matter contents, disease and insect damages and cambial detachment were also related to the tree vigor. Additional research of these relationships will be needed to conduct more detailed studies. Based on the relationships between the tree vigor and growing environments, it is considered that old trees should be managed to give them more growing spaces and less abuses. Also, molded soils should be removed and further soil-molding around the tree collar should be prohibited. For the construction of systematic management and removal of harmful factors, appropriative management according to spices, persistent monitering of damaged cases and construction of management system through the accumulation of data on the relationships of soil conditions are required.