• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.35-67
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the outcomes of the far-right parties in the 2019 European Parliament (hereinafter EP) elections. To this end, this study refrains from the conventional method of analyzing the number of seats of the political group(s) classified as far-right in the EP. Instead, the study takes a method based on the party family classification by summing up the number of the EP members who have been elected to the far-right party within individual member states. There are two reasons for the analysis of EP election results based on this far-right party family. Firstly, some of the far-right members of the EP do not join the political group(s) classified as far-right, and secondly, some of the political group(s) classified as far-right tends to be inhomogeneous. In this vein, this study attempts to analyze the outcomes of the far-right party in the 2019 EP elections based on the classification of the far-right party family. As a result, this study shows that the assessment of the European major press based on the number of seats of the political group(s) classified as far-right in the EP was inconsistent with the actual political landscape. According to the analysis of election results based on the classification of the far-right party family, the number of seats secured by the far-right parties in the 2019 EP elections corresponded to or significantly exceeded the results of previous polls. In addition, this is a significant increase in the seats of the far-right parties compared to the 2014 EP elections, and it is reasonable to affirm that the far-right parties have made great strides in the 2019 EP elections.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.71
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• pp.116-154
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• 2015

Officially given a historical signifier as Gwangju Democratic Movement since 1987, far-right and conservative group have restated that $5{\cdot}18$ is a rebellion and a riot that was committed by rebellious elements who obeyed North Korea's command or who were connected with North Korea. As those who had been responsible for the rebellion, revolt and riot were rewarded, far-right and conservatives' collective narrative that a country was born where the pro-North Korea left became dominated aroused extreme hostility towards $5{\cdot}18$. Far-right and conservatives involved in many different fields such as political party, university, press and media and civil group carry out incendiary discourse politics with intention to reestablish history and memory of $5{\cdot}18$ in their own story. Many people at online sites such as Ilbe Storehouse who are considered 'young right wing' is a main route to spread the far-right groups' remarks on $5{\cdot}18$. Ilbe is a main channel to reconstitute and reproduce the far-right conservatives' remarks and information on $5{\cdot}18$. Ilbe is one of main area where remarks of disparagement and ridicule, hostility and hatred on $5{\cdot}18$ unfurl. This study collects $5{\cdot}18$-related remarks and stories unfolded at Ilbe and examines how these remarks and stories make significance as to $5{\cdot}18$ and how information resources which remarks are dependent upon are connected each other. In this process, this study intends to find implications of incendiary politics that echoed of remarks on $5{\cdot}18$ have which at the online site Ilbe and by the far-right conservatives.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.5-33
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• 2019

This study aims to explore the implications of the 2019 European Parliament elections. Existing studies show that European elections serve as secondary elections dominated by domestic issues. However, the 2019 European elections have highlighted pan-European issues such as the Brexit negotiations and the rise of far-right populism, with voter turnout also rising sharply to 50.62%, which is the highest record since the 2000s. There was also a significant change in the number of parliamentary seats held by each political group. First, the European People's Party(EPP) and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats(S&D), which had hitherto led the European Parliament, failed to achieve a majority. Second, the number of seats won by Renew Europe, a new liberal-centrist group, was considerably high. Third, the far-right groups organized a full-fledged political force by rallying around the Identity and Democracy(ID) group. The rise of liberal-centrism can be explained as a reaction to the popularity of anti-European populism. Renew Europe's emphasis on open-market competition has created a different issue, especially since the center-left and center-right groups have stressed on the need for state intervention in employment, welfare, security and immigration control. Along with far-right populism, liberal centrism has also reshuffled Europe's political cleavage, and the conflict between 'liberalism' and 'protectionism' has become more evident in the European Parliament.

• Lettere Italiane
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• no.57
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• pp.1-38
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• 2019

이탈리아의 전진이탈리아, 북부동맹, 오성운동당의 유럽회의주의는 이탈리아의 국내정치의 내부적 대립과 경쟁의 결과로 이해할 수 있다. 이들 세 정당들이 취한 유럽회의주의적 입장은 이탈리아 정치지형변화의 특수성에 기인하여 제한적으로 표출되었다. 이탈리아의 정부형성은 대단히 포괄적인 거대 연맹(coalision)의 형태로 이루어져 왔고, 각기 다른시대에 정부의 책임을 공유하였다. 이는 정당들의 유럽회의적인 실질적인 표현에 제한성으로 작용하였음은 분명해 보인다. 또한 전후 이탈리아의 정치 체계속에서 등장한 정당들은 극심한 분열과 대립의 구도속에서 반대정치세력에 대한 견제에 집중한 정치전략을 필요로 했다. 이들 정당은 당의 창설 초기부터 유럽회의적 사안을 주요한 정치적 이슈로 부각하지 않았다. 오히려, 초기집권동안 전진이탈리아의 정치기조는 친유럽적인 성향을 띤 것이었다. 정당은 긴축재정과 이민급증의 경제, 사회문제에 직면하여 유럽회의적으로 전환한 공공담론을 인식하면서, 선거지지를 확보하기 위한 포괄적 정치전략으로 반유럽통합 담론을 부각시켰다. 같은 맥락으로 북부동맹의 초반 정치기조는 연방주의 형성을 위한 유럽통합에 동조하는 입장이었지만, 정당의 주변화와 정치지지 하락에 직면하여 정당 회생을 위한 대안으로 유럽회의적 정치 입장으로의 전향을 시도하였다. 오성운동당 역시, 반유럽적 사안은 국내의 정치적 대립속에서 정당의 합리성을 강화하기 위한 전략으로 채택된 것이었다. 한편, 자국의 경제이익과 정체성 보존 및 사회질서를 위해 타인종을 배격하고 반유럽을 주장하는 우파 포퓰리즘 정당과 극우정당이 대중의 공감을 획득하고 이탈리아 의회내의 입지가 강화되는 현상은 이탈리아의 정당체계에서 유럽회의주의의 점증 변수로 작용될 여지로 이해된다. 이에 따라 이탈리아 유럽회의주의 전당의 정치전략적 변화는 향후 유럽통합의 방향성에 따라 매우 유동적으로 전개될 가능성이 엿보이며, 이에 대한 다양한 연구적 질문과 분석이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2014

We conducted the weekly monitoring (December 2012~April 2013) to evaluate the temporal variation and identification of Stephanodiscus spp. that are generally dominant during winter in the Yeongsan River. Phytoplankton species were identified and counted using the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Phytoplankton in the river were grouped into 6 classes (bacillariophyceae, chlorophyceae, cryptophyceae, cyanophyceae, dinophyceae, euglenophyceae), 30 genus and 41 species. Phytoplankton composition showed high abundance of diatoms in winter and Aulacoseira sp., Cyclotella sp. and Stephanodiscus spp. were dominant. Among the species, Stephanodiscus spp. was relatively abundant compared to other diatom species. Stephanodiscus spp. appeared from December 2012 to April 2013 and their abundance peaked in January. Abundance of diatoms especially peaked ($21,080cells\;mL^{-1}$) in January 15, 2013 when Stephanodiscus spp. also bloomed ($20,560cells\;mL^{-1}$). The abundances of Stephanodiscus spp. were gradually decreased from March and reached as low as $60cells\;mL^{-1}$ in April 26. Cyclostephanos (C. invisitatus), Cyclotella (C. meneghiniana), Discostella (D. pseudostelligera, D. woltereckii) and Stephanodiscus (S. hantzschii, S. minutulus, S. parvus) were classified in the circular diatoms. Abundance of S. hantzschii was extremely high compared to S. minutulus and S. parvus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7761-7772
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• 2015

This study describes the spatio-temporal distributions in phytoplankton community such as species composition, standing crops and dominant species from April to November 2008 in the Jeju Marine Ranching Area (JMRA). A total of 106 species of phytoplankton belonging to 63 genera was identified. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates were occupied more than 61% and 35% of total species, respectively. The annual dominant species were Skeletonema costatum-like species(ls) in April, Torodinium teredo, Cylindrotheca closterium, Scrippsiella trochoidea in June, S. costatum - ls, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Ebria tripartita in September and Corethron pennatum, Dictyocha fibura, Neoceratium teres in November. Phytoplankton cell density ranged between $0.6cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in June and $64.0cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in April. It fluctuated with an annual mean of $11.7cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ between the lowest value of $0.9cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in November and the highest value of $37.0cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ by S. costatum -ls in April. Diversity index in September was higher than diatom blooming seasons in April. According to the phytoplankton community structure, the biological oceanographic characteristics of the JMRA was characterized by nanoplankton during a year. That is, primary production is deemed to have a higher possibility of being adjusted by a reproduction by material cycle in the ecosystems than nutrients supply from the lands.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.276-276
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• 2017

홍수 시 하천의 급격한 유량증가로 인하여 하상의 변화를 야기할 수 있으며, 이를 저감하기 위한 하천사업에는 자연친환경적이고 고유속흐름에서도 변동되지 않는 하상재료를 도입한 연구들이 다양하게 진행되고 있으며, 과거 제방보호 기능만을 가진 단순한 호안에서 식생을 이용한 다양한 종류의 호안공법이 개발되어 각종 하천에 도입되고 있다. 호안공법을 도입할 때 고유속흐름과 식생의 유무에 따라 하천의 흐름에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것은 하천설계에 있어 중요한 부분이다. 최근에는 기후변화로 인한 극우강우가 많아지고 호안의 안정성을 위한 평가기법이 제시되지 않기 때문에 호안사면의 수리학적 안정성과 지반공학적 파괴거동의 적절한 평가가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 식생 유무에 따라 유속, 레이놀즈수, 바닥전단응력 등을 산정하여 흐름특성을 파악하고 호안 및 제방에 대한 적용성을 검토하고자 실험연구를 진행하였다. 실험에 사용된 재료는 모래, 식생점토. 본 연구를 위해 자체적으로 양생시킨 잔디를 이용하였으며, 실내 고속수로 실험 장치를 이용하여 유속의 변화에 따라 실험을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 초기상태의 재료와 세굴 이후의 세굴심을 비교하여 고유속흐름에서의 식생 유무에 따른 하상재료 유실변화 정도를 비교하고자 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 1991

To study the distribution of inhthyoplankton in the adjacent water of Wolsong, samples were collected using Bongo net from the surface water in November of 1989, and February, May and July of 1990. Fish eggs were divided into Engrualis japonicus, Callionymidae, Maurolicus muelleri, Konosirus punctatus, and others. The dominant species of fish eggs were Maurolicus muelleri and Callionymidae accounting for 60.1% and 13.7% of the total egg abundance, respectively. Total of 21 taxa of fish larvae occurred. The predominant species was Engraulis japonicas accounting for 61.2% of the total lavae, and bollowed by Callionymidae(11.9%). Other major species were Maurolicus muelleri, Gobiidae sp., Ammodytes personatus, Sebastes inermis, S. Pachycephalus, Scartella cristata, and Sebastiscus marmoratus. These 9 taxa constituted 96.5% of the total larvae collected. In this area, where upwelling occasionally occurs the distribution of fish eggs and larvae appeared to be affected by the transport of the surface water during the upwelling period.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2015

The bank revetment work which is conducted on the slope of river bank to protect against flowing water as a geotechnical structure has been applied as an average value of critical tractive force based on domestic and international standard design. Currently, an appropriate evaluation is needed for the hydraulic stability and geotechnical behavior analysis of bank revetments because of the effects of climate change and ambiguous design criterion. This study has compared the critical tractive forces of soil improvement material and conventional materials used for the bank revetment work. Through various experiments, the shear strength of mixtures with soil improvement material was investigated by curing time and mixture ratio. It was found that the critical tractive force of the mixture obtained from a scour test is suitable to the reinforcement of the slope of river bank which has problems such as seepage erosion and scour.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2009

영산강 하구둑에 의해 폐쇄내만의 조건을 가진 영산강 하구역에서 식물플랑크톤의 계절변동을 파악하고자 2008년에 계절별로 7개 정점에서 조사하였다. 영산강 하구역에서 출현한 식물플랑크톤 개체수는 14$\sim$34,958cells/mL의 범위를 보였다. 조사시기별로는 7월에 평균 10,796cells/mL가 출현하여 조사기간 중 가장 많은 출현 개체수를 보였고, 이어서 9월(평균 3,327cells/mL), 5월(평균 590cells/mL), 11월(평균 34cells/mL) 순으로 감소하여 조사시기별 출현개체수의 변동이 매우 심하였다. 규조류는 모든 조사시기에 걸쳐 최고의 점유율을 나타내었고 11월을 제외하면 전체 개체수의 90%이상을 차지하고 있어 규조류가 영산강 하구역의 식물플랑크톤 생물량을 좌우하고 있는 종임을 알 수 있었다. 영산강 하구역에서 출현한 식물플랑크톤의 제 1 우점종은 5월에 Eucampia zodiacus(83.1%), 7월에 Chaetoceros curvisetus(24.2%), 9월에 Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima(94.3%), 11월에는 Chroomnnas류(33.6%)로 변화하였다. 5월과 9월은 한 종이 전체 식물플랑크톤 개체수의 80% 이상을 차지하는 극우점양상을 보여주었고, 7월에는 C. curvisetus, Skeleton듬 costatum 및 Chaetoceros sp. 등이 유사한 점유율로 우점하고 있었다. 영산강 하구역의 식물플랑크톤 종다양성지수는 0.228$\sim$2.260의 범위로 소수의 우점종에 의해 전체 군집의 분포양상이 결정되는 전형적인 연안, 하구수역의 군집 특성을 보이고 있었다.