• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 1992

In order to fabricate magnetoresistive sensor, Fe-Ni and Co-Ni alleys were evaporated on the slide glass and the silicon wafers. Saturation magnetic induction($B_{s}$), coercive field strength($H_{c}$) and magnetoresistance were measured for fabricated samples. The evaporated Fe-Ni thin films show that the saturation magnetic induction was 0.65 T, and coercive field strength was 0.379 A/cm, and this value was changed to 0.370 A/cm(//), 0.390 A/cm(${\bot}$), respectively after magnetic annealing. For the measurement of coercive field strength, magnetizing frequency of 1 kHz was used. For the fabricated sensor element, the change of magnetoresistance (${\Delta}R/R$) was excessively unstable due to oxidation in the process of fabrication. The evaporated Co-Ni alloy thin films show that saturation magnetic induction was 0.66 T, and coercive field strengthes were 5.895 A/cm(//), 5.898 A/cm(${\bot}$), respectively, after magnetic annelaing. The change of magnetoresistance(${\Delta}R/R$) was $3.6{\sim}3.7%$ of which value was excessively stable to room temperature. Fe-Ni thin film could have many problems due to large affinity in the process of fabrication of magnetoresistance sensor, but Co-Ni thin film could be a suitable material for fabrication of magnetoresistance sensor, because of its small affinity and definite magnetoresistance effects.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1999

The cost of artificial diets for silkworm is very expensive, so that it is essential to lower it in order to extend the period of silkworm rearing on artificial diets. In the present paper, the utilization of several kinds of grass powders was tried to use as an ingredient of artificial diet to reduce its production cost. The value of grass powder as an ingredient of artificial diet was assessed on the base of ingestability and growth of silkworms. As a result it was found it was found that they varied with the kinds and harvesting season of grasses. But it is appeared to be possible to use a grass powder as an ingredient for silkworm diet, when it contains 10~20% of grasses. Moreover, to cut the cost of diet, it is recommanded that the diet containing grass powder could be a applied to the polyphagous silkworm variety.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.402-407
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• 2013

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon.) is one of the most difficult weedy species to control in turfgrass because it's high tolerant to various environmental and management stresses. This experiment was performed to find the integrated weed management including cultural practices to suppress bermudagrass in Zoysiagrass matrella (L) Merr. As results, two sequential applications of Fluazifop-P-butyl 0.05 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-2}$ and Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 0.1 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-2}$ applied on 20 days intervals were evaluated the primary option for bermudagrass suppression and turfgrass injury was acceptable in zoysiagrass. In both treatments, turf injury was observed during 30days after the first application and almost recovered at 40days. While Fenoxaprop-Pethyl 0.1 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-22}$ were lightly phytotoxic to zoysiagrass in chlorophyll content test, there was no growth inhibition of zoysiagrass. Verticut practice (4 mm depth) just before herbicides application where zoyisagrass is contaminated with bermudagrass was not helpful to reduce turf injury in this experiment. However, alone verticut management was utilized to decrease about 12-14% bermudagrass population. Thus the application of Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 0.1 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-2}$ which are permitted for turfgrass after zoysiagrass is perfectly recovered from turf injury by verticut practice should be utilized for bermudagrass reduction in zoysiagrass.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to offer a basic information to select the plant species for environmentally friendly forest road by quantifying the pull-out strength by 18 species used for a revegetation of forest road slope. In the investigation of the root depth growth during 17 months, Indigobush amorpha showed maximum depth of 34.0 cm and perennial ryegrass showed minimum depth of 17.7 cm among all species. The pull-out strength by herb species was $0.054ton/m^2/plant$ for exotic species, $0.085ton/m^2/plant$ for indigenous species, and by shrub species was $0.049ton/m^2/plant$. There were no large difference among herb species in pull-out strength, but shrub species were approximately 9 times stronger than herb species. Thus, for maximizing tightening effect and use of inner soil space. The mixed seeding using herb for erosion control and shrub for shallow failure protection would make up optimal revegetation of forest road slope.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2012

Rumen fermentative characteristic is useful indicators of the quality of ruminant feed stuffs and diets. An in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was therefore carried out to compare fermentation patterns among three forage sources. These were whole crop barley (WCBS), Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) and rice straw silages (RSS). Rice straw (RS) was the control, making the treatments 4 in total. Forages were randomly allocated to serum bottles. The incubation times were arranged 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h at $39^{\circ}C$, respectively. Each forage source was replicated 3 times per incubation time. At each sampling time, total gas and pH were measured, whilst individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) were determined later after storing samples at $-20^{\circ}C$. Acetate: Propionate ratio (A/P) was then calculated. Forage source had a significant effect (P<0.001) on pH and $NH_3$-N. RSS maintained higher pH values than the rest of the forage sources. A decreasing pH trend with increased time of incubation, in agreement with literature, was observed for all forage sources. WCBS recorded $NH_3$-N values higher than all the other treatments. Total gas, individual and total VFA and A/P ratio were not affected by forage source. However, there was a significant difference in all parameters (p<0.05) among forage sources at sampling periods at 3 to 72h. Therefore, the present results indicating that WCBS, IRGS, RS and RSS maintained in vitro rumen pH above the critical value. Also, WCBS produced the highest NH3-N and on this merit could be of better nutritive value, in vivo, in the ruminant.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1986

The effects of soil moisture on seasonal changes of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal resistance were studied in sorghum (Pioneer 931) and sorghum - sudangrass hybird (Pioneer 988) at Suweon in 1985. Soil moisture was maintained with approximately 100, 80, 60 and 40% of field moisture capacity in large concrete pot (12m length $\times$ 1m width $\times$ 1m depth). 1. Photosynthesis and transpiration showed a sharp seasonal changes and reacted similarly to water stress and environmental factors, and were the highest in the middle of August, and were the lowest in the beginning of October. Sorghum - sudan hybird had better photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal control than those of sorghum in hot summer season. 2. The rate of photosynthesis of 60 and 80% field moisture capacity was higher than that of 100 and 40% throughout growing season, but the effect of soil moisture on photosynthesis varied seasonally by climate factors. Optimum soil moisture was 60% in early summer and fall, and was 60 - 80% in hot summer season. 3. Drought and over-moisture affected physiological metabolism of plant, and so the dry matter yield of 40 and 100% field moisture capacity decreased by 70% compared with that of 60% field moisture capacity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

Leaf protein (LP) was prepared by centrifugation the green juice from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at acid precipitation. LP was compared with casein and soybean protein isolate for their concentration of serum lipids and free amino acids in Wistar male rats for 2 weeks. Each protein source was incoporated into cholesterol free, low-fat diet to provide a protein level of 20%. A comparison of serum amino acids in leaf protein-fed vs. casein-fed rats showed that, glycine was the only amino acid having a higher concentration whereas concentration of other amino acids were lower in the leaf protein-fed rats compared with the casein-fed rats. Further alanine was significantly lower in the leaf protein-fed rats compared with the casein-fed rats, and the protein-induced differences in glycine and alanine concentration of unfed rats were reproducible. Concentration of several amino acids, rarticularly valine, leucine and tyrosine, also changed when serum cholesterol concentrations varied, but these effects could not be explained by our experiments. The results suggest that a change in serum concentration of glycine and alanine of unfed rats may be related to the change in serum cholesterol concentration. These data also suggest appear to function in a similar way to soybean protein in their hypocholesterolemic action.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to identify the main pathogens infected with Piper sudangrass and to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative damage of the plants infected with leaf blight (Helminthosporium turcicum PASS) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (20, 30 and 40 kg/10a). The experiment was design as a randomized block design with 4 replications at experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The main fungi isolated from sudangrass were identified as Helminthoporium turcicum and Collectotricum graminicolum, but 1 species fungus was not identified. 2. Leaf blight was first found on June 20 and appeared extremely in the regrowth plants from July to September. The rate of attack was associated with increasing of nitrogen fertilization (P<0.01). 3. Fresh and dry matter yields were as much as 47 and 38 percentage lower in leaf blight infected plants (disease severity: V) than those of no visible infection. 4. Concentrations of crude fat and crude protein were decreased in the plants infected with Helminthosporium leaf blight, but lignin content was increased. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the plants were negative correlated with the infection of leaf blight(P<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

This experiments was conducted to investigate the influence on the growth of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid by use of various organic fertilizer and investigated their productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity. In the results, the application of fermented poultry manure showed 93.6ton/ha, 19.6ton/ha, 1.12ton/ha, 11.31ton/ha of fresh yield, dry matter yield, crude protein (CP) yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield but there were no significant differences with the application of poultry by-product compost (poultry manure with sawdust) and swine by-product compost (swine manure with sawdust). And the average value of $K_{CP}$ and $K_{TDN}$ showed the highest one as 9.45head/ha/yr in the application of fermented poultry manure. However, organic matter content of fermented poultry manure to the lower portion of 32.1% compared to other organic fertilizers could imagine that mineralization of fermented poultry manure was fairly advanced and plant used most of nitrogen in fermented poultry manure, so productivity of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid was shown more than other organic fertilizers. If other organic fertilizers use continuous, this difference can be considered to be reduced further. As a result, fermented poultry manure is better than other organic fertilizers in productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity due to the higher content of mineralizable matters. In addition, mixing poultry manure with cow and swine manure is better choice because cow and swine manure will meet a low organic matter in poultry manure.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ground cover treatments on the nutrient contribution in a 'Niitaka' pear ($Pyrus$ $pyriforia$) orchard. Treatments included; 1) sod culture, 2) winter cover crop [ryegrass+hairy vetch], and 3) winter [ryegrass+hairy vetch]+summer [greensolgo (sudan grass ($Sorghum$ $bicolor$ L.))+ nemajanghwang (crotalaria ($Crotalaria$ $juncea$ L.)] cover crops. Ryegrass and hairyvetch were seeded with 6.4 kg/10a and 3.0 kg/10a, respectively, on October 17 of 2008, and greensolgo and nemajanghwang were seeded with 2.0 kg/10a and 3.0 kg/10a, respectively, on June 4 of 2009 at a diligent farmer in Boseong in Chonnam. Winter+summer cover crops provided greater amounts of dry weight, followed by winter cover crop and sod culture. The difference of amounts of dry weight from the ground covers affected to the levels of total N, P, and K contents, which were greater nutrient levels than those of recommended nutrient requirement for satisfying 10- to 12-year-old pear tree growth. Greater amounts of dry weight from the ground covers increased organic matter and concentrations of K and Mg in soil. Foliar nutrient concentrations, as an indicator of nutrient status of a tree, were not affected by application of ground cover treatments.