• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2010

고강도강의 용접성은 저온균열 저항성으로 대변되는데, TMCP강과 HSLA강 등이 개발되면서 고강도강의 저온균열저항성이 크게 향상되어 무예열 용접성이 확보되었다. 그러나 용접재료 측면에서는 그에 상응하는 재료의 개발이 지연되어 강재 개발로 인한 우수한 성능을 충분히 발휘하지 못하고 있으며 용접부의 건전성 문제가 심각하게 인식되고 있다. 이로 인해 고강도강에 적용시킬 수 있는 무예열 용접재료의 필요성이 대두되어 개발이 진행되고 있으며 상용화를 앞두고 있다. 이러한 용접재료의 개발단계에서 합금설계는 가장 중요한 항목으로 합금 조성에 따라 용착금속의 강도 및 인성에 상당한 변화를 가져오기 때문이다. 합금원소 중 Al은 강재의 탈산을 돕기 때문에 가능한 많은 양의 첨가를 요구하지만 적정량 이상을 초과하게 되면 오히려 용착금속의 저온인성 특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 고강도 GMA 용착금속의 Al함량을 단계적으로 변화시켜 용착금속 내 최적의 Al의 함량을 찾고자 하였다. 또한 높은 비용 및 많은 시간을 필요로 하는 와이어로드를 제작하지 않고도 Al함량을 조절 할 수 있는 방법을 고안하고자 하였다. 실험의 모재는 HSLA-100강을 사용하였으며 용접재료는 ER120S-G급의 GMA용접 재료를 사용하였다. 모재 성분과의 희석을 방지하기 위해 V-Groove 가공 후 6패스 Buttering 용접을 실시하였고, 다시 Buttering용접부에 V-Groove 가공을 하여 최종 용접을 실시하였다. 이 때 Al함량을 조절하기 위해 최종 용접 개선부 밑면에 홈을 판 후 Al fiber(직경 0.3mm)를 깔고 용접(입열량 20kJ/cm)하여 Al함유량을 총 3가지(0.003~0.04% Al)로 제어하였다. 용접 후 각각의 시편에 대해 미세조직, 충격시험, O/N분석, 성분분석 등의 시험을 수행하여 저온인성과의 상관관계를 알아보았다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 2012

In this study, fatigue tests were carried out using real-scale pipe bend specimens with wall-thinning defects under a cyclic bending load together with a constant internal pressure of 10 MPa. The wall-thinning defect was located at the extrados and the intrados of the pipe bend specimens. A fully reversed cyclic in-plane bending displacement was applied to the specimens. For the pipe bends with wall thinning at the extrados, an axial crack occurred at the crown of the pipe bend rather than at the extrados where the defect was located. In addition, the fatigue life was longer than that of a sound pipe bend predicted from the design fatigue curve in ASME Sec.III, and it was less dependent on the axial length of the wall-thinning defect. For the pipe bends with wall thinning at the intrados, a circumferential crack occurred at the intrados. In this case, the fatigue life was much shorter than that of a sound pipe bend predicted from the design fatigue curve, and it clearly decreased with decreasing axial length of the wall-thinning defect.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.407-420
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• 2013

The stone sculptures in Gyeongbokgung Royal Palace are mainly composed of granite (884 sculptures, 96.7%) and marble (25 sculptures, 2.7%) that originated in several different quarries. Main deterioration forms are crack (24%), break-out (21%), exfoliation (36%), granular disintegration (9%) and blackening (20%). Crack and break-out are dominant contributors to high physical deterioration degree, and blackening is major weathering form of intensive discoloration. The Gyeonghoeru, Geunjeongjeon and Pumgyeseok areas require urgent and high conservation maintenance with short-term periodic monitoring since proportions of 3-grade deterioration were calculated higher than others as 55% for Gyeonghoeru, 29% for Geunjeongjeon, 11% for Pumgyeseok area. The Pumgyeseok (officials' rank stone), especially, needs intervention for protective facility due to its material vulnerability to weathering in outdoor environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.354-354
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• 2015

코팅 층과 소지 사이의 접합력 평가를 위하여 박리 시험법(Peel Off Test), 블리스터 시험법(Blister Test), 압입균열 시험법(Indentation Test), 직접 인장 시험법(Direct Full Off Test), 스카치 테이프 시험법(Scotch Tape Test), 그리고 스크래치 시험법(Scratch Test) 등이 사용되어 왔다. 이 중 박리 시험법과 스카치 테이프 시험법이 산업계에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 전자 산업계에서 많이 사용되고 있는 박리시험법은 금속박막과 절연체 기판 사이의 접합력을 간단하게 측정할 수 있으며, 실험값의 재현성이 뛰어난 장점이 있다. 또한, 측정하는 동안 만들어지는 박리 곡선(Peel Curve)로부터 분석의 신뢰성 여부를 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 장점에도 불구하고 박리 시험법 특성 상 금속 코팅층의 강도가 금속 피막/기판간 접합 강도를 초과하여야 하기 때문에 수백 nm 이하의 박막의 접합력 측정에는 적용하기가 어렵다. 이에 반하여, 스카치 테이프 분석법은 일정길이의 접착 테이프를 박막 표면에 붙인 후 다시 떼어내면서 접착력을 평가하는 방법으로, 박막의 접합력 평가에 적용이 가능하다. 그러나 이 방법은 합격 불합격 여부를 판정하는 정성적인 방법으로 정량평가가 어렵다. 또한, 박막에 접착 테이프를 붙일때의 압력, 테이프를 박리할 때의 각도 및 속도를 일정하게 제어하기가 쉽지 않아 결과의 신뢰성이 높지 않다. 스크래치 테스트는 탐사침(Stylus)을 이용하여 박막의 표면에 하중을 증가시키면서 기판을 이동하여, 피막의 균열이나 박리될 때의 임계 하중값 (Critical Load; Lc)을 측정하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 시편 준비가 쉽고 간단하여 빠른 분석이 가능하고, 수백 nm 이하의 박막에도 적용 가능하다. 또한, 접합력을 정량화 할 수 있기 때문에 변수에 따른 접합력 비교가 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 이와 같은 분석적 장점에도 불구하고, 스크래치 시험을 통한 접합력 측정 방법은 아직까진 산업적으로 널리 활용되지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 스크래치 테스트의 원리 및 이론에 대하여 간략히 알아보고, 스크래치 분석을 이용한 접합력 비교에 대한 실제 사례들을 소개하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

In order to select the optimum mix for the required fluidity and strength of mass concrete which is applied to transfer girder and to choose the optimum curing method depending on circumstances through hydration heat analysis of mass concrete, this study examined slump flow, air content and elapsed variation (0, 30, 60, 90) in unhardened concrete properties and reviewed compressive strength characteristics in hardening properties. And hydration heat analysis results through simulation are as follows; 1) Fluidity changes of unhardened concrete showed no significant difference, and those of elapsed variation also showed no difference but a bit of tendency to increase in comparison with the initial properties. 2) The higher the water-binder ratio was, the lower the compressive strength properties were, and the higher the fly ash replacement rate was, the lower the compressive strength development was. 3) In case of $Fc=40N/mm^2$, the optimum mix was fly ash replacement rate of 15% from water-binder ratio of 33.0%. 4) Hydration heat analysis results showed that in case of bundle cast, concrete temperature profile characteristics around transfer girder was unfavorable, and in case of separate cast, constant curing for at least seven days guaranteed thermal cracking index of 1.2.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2014

This paper concerns the flexural behavior of hybrid steel fiber-reinforced ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams. It presents experimental research results of hybrid steel fiber-reinforced UHPC with steel fiber content of 1.5% by volume and steel reinforcement ratio of less than 0.02. This study aims at providing realistic information about UHPC beams in bending in order to establish a reasonable prediction model for flexural resistance in structural code in the future. The experimental results show that hybrid steel fiber-reinforced UHPC is in favor of cracking resistance and ductility of beams. The ductility indices range through 9.2 to 15.2, which means high ductility of UHPC. Also, the flexural capacity of beam which contains stirrups in pure bending zone is similar to that of beam which does not contain stirrups in pure bending zone. This result represents that the flexural capacity is not affected by the presence of stirrups whose spacing is 150 mm in bending zone.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexural behavior and plastic hinge of reinforced concrete-ECC composite beams. Ordinary portland cement was used as a binder, and high volume fly ash was also used to improve the properties of ECC. An ECC designed in this study showed high tensile strain capacity of 3.0%. Three types of beams were manufactured according to the replacement length of concrete with ECC. From the bending tests, it was found that load-bearing capacity as well as ductility of beam increased with an increase in the replacement length of concrete with ECC. Curvature ductility and plastic hinge length of beam were also increased.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

In this paper, by using steel fiber, polypropylene fiber and these two hybrid fibers, the fire resistance performance and explosive properties of High Strength Concrete (HSC) with specified compressive strength of 40MPa are discussed. The paper also examines the bending resistance of the beam and the shearing resistance properties of non-reinforced HSC beam. This research helps to clarify the fire resistance of fiber HSC and its anti-explosion methods. The test results show that crack generation, explosion and carbonization can be effectively restrained when HSC is mixed with hybrid fibers under high temperature; furthermore, the maximum internal force and ductility are increased and the initial cracking can be restrained in the mechanical test.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.311-330
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• 2021

The Sinseongri site contains at least eleven theropod trackways, three sauropod trackways, and one or more ornithopod walkways of dinosaur footprints. The host rock at the site is primarily siltstone and mudstone, but thermal alterations have metamorphosed it into hornfels. Except for micro cracks and exfoliations, joint systems in various directions appeared on the surface of the fossils site and showed a low share of all damage factors. The host rocks in the fossils site demonstrated relatively high physical properties as a result of ultrasonic velocity and were classified as stable. More than half of the fossils required reinforcement to control the progression of cracks if the type of conservation treatment was subdivided according to the damage type of dinosaur footprint fossils. The white paint used to visualize the footprints seems to deteriorate, allowing rock debris to spill out and causing damage to the fossil site, and alternative visualization schemes should be considered.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4A
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• pp.581-590
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• 2008

The panels are used as a composite part of the completed deck. They replace the main bottom transverse deck reinforcement and also serve as a form surface for the cast-in-place concrete upper layer that contains the top of deck reinforcement. In this paper, three types of the detail for joints was selected and their structural performance in terms of strength and crack contral was investigated through static tests on composite beams. Form the results, the validity of loop joints for continuity of half-depth precast deck was observed and especially an overlapping length of loop joint and transverse reinforcement were checked. The results suggest that increasing the loop overlapping length increases the flexural strength of half-depth precast deck with loop joints. In terms of crack contral, the loop joint with transverse reinforcement showed better performance.