• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39
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• pp.93-114
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• 1989

거의 해마다 내습하는 태풍위험을 제주지역 농부들이 어떻게 인식하고 그에 적응하고 있는지 아울러 이와같이 연례행사처럼 발생하는 태풍재해 문제 해결에 있어 정부관계기관의 역할에 대한 그들의 인식은 어떠한가를 살펴보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 우선 위 연구과제를 살피기 위하여 다음과 같은 세 가지 가설이 전제되었다. 첫째, 태풍과 같은 자연발생적 위협과 빈번한 접촉내지 오랜 경험은 인간에게 위험과 손실을 준다는 자각으로 이끌며 또한 장차 발생의 정확한 예측에 비교적 밀접한 관계를 갖는다. 그리고 이러한 경험들은 그와같은 자연발생적 위협으로부터 일시 피하거나 위협지역으로부터 아주 떠나 버린다기 보다 오히려 적응이라는 선택을 취한다. 둘째, 인간이 이와같은 위협지역 제주도와 같이 사회문화적인 특성이 뚜렷한 지역에 삶의 터전을 가지고 있는 것은 경제적 요인에서라기보다도 사회문화적 바탕에서 그 원인을 찾을 수 있다. 셋째로, 정부의 이와같은 자연발생적 재해문제 해결은 해당 지역 거주주민들과 보다 긴밀한 컴뮤니케이션과 함께 정부나 컴뮤니티를 통한 자연재해에 관한 계몽교육을 강화함으로서 그 역할이 효과적으로 수행될 수 있다. 총 113명의 농업을 주업으로 하는 가구주들을 제주도의 상습태풍재해지구에서 무작위 단게별군집(Random-cluster Stratified Sampling)방법에 의하여 선별하고 태풍위협에 대한 개인별 재해인식과 인간 적응을 알아보기 위하여 작성된 설문서를 통하여 각기 면담, 연구분석자료가 수집되었다. 제주농부들의 태풍에 대한 자각과 적응은 제주도 나름의 풍토에서 오랜 삶의 경험을 토대로 얻어진 결과라는 것이 입증되었다. 한편, 장차 태풍 내습에 대한 그들의 예측은 상당히 정확하였으며, 태풍재해에 대한 적응은 동기적이고 예방적 즉, 농부들은 재해의 근원적 소멸을 위해 재해지역을 떠난다기보다 오히려 피해를 감수하고 있었으며 또한 그들의 기본 영농방법이나 작물의 대체를 급격히 전환한다기 보다 부분적으로 수정, 변경시켜 나가고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 그들의 적응과정은 현대적 영농기술과 그들 특유의 전통적 방법을 혼합 병행하고 있었으며 가족이나 친척 이웃과의 유대관계가 재해지역에 거주하는 지배적 이유로 나타났다. 또 한편, 해당연구지역 농부들은 태풍피해에 대한 정부의 보조를 알고는 있으나 그것이 재해문제를 해결하는데 있어서 효율적이라고 생각치 않고 있다. 그들은 더욱 많은 재정적 보조를 희망하는 것만큼 연례저긍로 내습, 피해를 주고 있는 태풍재해 문제에 대한 정부의 적극적이고 좀더 효과적 예방 대책을 요구하고 있다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.192-198
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• 2010

With the popularization of the mobile phone with a built-in camera, there are a lot of effort to provide useful information to users by detecting and recognizing the text in the video which is captured by the camera in mobile phone, and there is a need to detect the text regions in such mobile phone video. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the text regions in the mobile phone video. We employ morphological operation as a preprocessing and obtain binarized image using modified k-means clustering. After that, candidate text regions are obtained by applying connected component analysis and general text characteristic analysis. In addition, we increase the precision of the text detection by examining the frequency of the candidate regions. Experimental results show that the proposed method detects the text regions in the mobile phone video with high precision and recall.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.737-753
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• 2011

The typical characteristics of seasonal winds were studied around the Pohang using two-stage (average linkage then k-means) clustering technique based on u- and v-component wind at 850 hpa from 2004 to 2006 (obtained the Pohang station) and a high-resolution (0.5 km grid for the finest domain) WRF-UCM model along with an up-to-date detailed land use data during the most predominant pattern in each season. The clustering analysis identified statistically distinct wind patterns (7, 4, 5, and 3 clusters) representing each spring, summer, fall, and winter. During the spring, the prevailed pattern (80 days) showed weak upper northwesterly flow and late sea-breeze. Especially at night, land-breeze developed along the shoreline was converged around Yeongil Bay. The representative pattern (92 days) in summer was weak upper southerly flow and intensified sea-breeze combined with sea surface wind. In addition, convergence zone between the large scale background flow and well-developed land-breeze was transported around inland (industrial and residential areas). The predominant wind distribution (94 days) in fall was similar to that of spring showing weak upper-level flow and distinct sea-land breeze circulation. On the other hand, the wind pattern (117 days) of high frequency in winter showed upper northwesterly and surface westerly flows, which was no change in daily wind direction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.913-925
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• 2017

Phytoplankton populations were examined at three sites in Lake Cheongpyeong, South Korea from March 2008 to December 2016, including measurement of phytoplankton communities and their dominant species, abundance and environmental factors. The annual average ranges of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity were $15.2-18.8^{\circ}C$, 10.3-12.2 mg/L, $86-140{\mu}S/cm$, respectively, with similar values at all studied sites. The highest phytoplankton cell density was observed in spring and fall, and it subsequently decreased rapidly during heavy rainfall. Diatoms were dominant in spring (mainly Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Asterionella formosa) and fall (mainly Aulacoseira granulata), while greenalgae and cyanobacteria had high appearance in early-summer and summer, respectively, indicating that water temperature is the most important factor influencing their growth. Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Asterionella formosa frequently occurred at low water temperature ($4.5-15.0^{\circ}C$ and $5.4-21.6^{\circ}C$, respectively) while Aulacoseira granulata and Anabaena spp. were favored by high water temperature (8.6-28.4 and $14.9-26.2^{\circ}C$, respectively) and phosphorus. Additionally, Fragilaria crotonensis occurred at low nutrient conditions. Rhodomonas spp. frequently appeared year-round.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.437-442
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• 2020

Since the advent of the innovative information technology called the Internet, the dynamism of the information environment has brought about changes in information users' needs and behavior. It is essential to understand information users in this rapidly changing environment, and based on this, it is necessary to effectively build and operate an information service and a system therefor. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics according to the segmentation of users of the National Science and Technology Information Service System, and to derive improvements to customized services and content development through research and analysis of content usage. A total of 816 science and technology information service system users participated in online surveys from September to November. Collected data is applied to factor analysis and cluster analysis techniques to subdivide users of science and technology information service systems, to recognize new information technologies and information services, science technology information needs, and science and technology attributes that users consider important. We derived the results according to the segmented user group.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

As technology gets developed, medical equipments are also modernized and leading-edge systems, such as PACS become popular. Many scientists noticed importance of medical image processing technology. Technique of region segmentation is the first step of digital medical image processing. Segmentation technique helps doctors to find out abnormal symptoms early, such as tumors, edema, and necrotic tissue, and helps to diagnoses correctly. Segmentation of white matter, gray matter and CSF of a brain image is very crucial part. However, the segmentation is not easy due to ambiguous boundaries and inhomogeneous physical characteristics. The rate of incorrect segmentation is high because of these difficulties. Fuzzy-based segmentation algorithms are robust to even ambiguous boundaries. In this paper a modified Fuzzy-based segmentation algorithm is proposed to handle the noise of MR scanners. A proposed algorithm requires minimal computations of mean and variance of neighbor pixels to adjust a new neighbor list. With the addition of minimal compuation, the modified FCM(mFCM) lowers the rate of incorrect clustering below 30% approximately compared the traditional FCM.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.512-527
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• 2013

This study examines the spatial distribution characteristics of financial industry which has been a necessary service for contemporary urban life. In particular, we analyze the spatial distribution patterns of money lending business which is considered with informal financial services as well as the spatial distribution patterns of banks which are representative of the institutional financial services. For the purpose, their density distribution patterns are explored by Kernel density analysis for both financial services in first. Moran's I coefficients are estimated for these two financial services to clarify the distintion in their geographical concentration patterns. The results of spatial autocorrelation analysis show stark differences between the center city and outskirts of the Seoul metropolitan area. Multivariate regression models are developed to explain the relationships between the spatial distributions of financial services and geographical variables. Finally, we discuss financial exclusion problem in the Metropolitan Seoul based on these spatial distribution characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

The goal of this research is to explore quantitative and residential features and spatial patterns of two-person households to suggest policy implications for housing supply and development in Seoul. Major findings of this study are as follows. First, the number of two-person households has increased rapidly mainly due to the growth of the elderly and single-parent households. They are mainly composed of the elderly over 60s and the youth of 30s of householder age. They are less likely to have well-paying jobs, and thus more likely to suffer from poverty. They are also inclined to live in rental and small-sized residential units and spatial segregation between the youth and the elderly became serious. In addition, their residential area can be classified into four types: area adjacent to employment centers, hinterland of urban centers, affordable multi-family housing area and redeveloped apartment area. It is necessary to change the current housing policy directions to take changing population and household structure into consideration. Also, diversified housing strategies and programs should be prepared to consider various household types and their needs and demands. Place-based strategies for housing supply and development are needed in consideration of spatial patterns and locational attributes of two-person households. Attention needs to be paid to resolving the social issue of residential segregation between different generations.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-47
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• 2003

In order to investigate the distribution of dominant phytoplankton species in the coastal waters of Gori, Wolseong, Uljin and Younggwang, the standing crops of dominant species were studied during 1992-1996 and the relationships between standing crops and environmental variables were analyzed.The standing crops of diatom Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira decipiens, Chaetoceros debilis, Pseudo-nitzchia seriata, Paralia sulcata and dinoflgaellate Prorocentrum triestinum were on average from 16,373 to 118,549 cellso$l^{-1}$, from 11,180 to 210,313 cellso$l^{-1}$, from 23,341 to 55,889 cellso$l^{-1}$, from 6,784 to 15,766 cellso$l^{-1}$, from 342 to 41,596 cellso$l^{-1}$ and from 4,828 to 22,397 cellso$l^{-1}$ in the four study areas, respectively. The standing crops of Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira decipiens and Paralia sulcata were higher in Younggwang, while Chaetoceros debilis, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata and Prorocentrum triestinum were higher in Wolseong than other areas. The standing crops of silicoflgaellate Distephanus speculum were from 157 to 4,239 cellso$l^{-1}$ in the four study areas, showing an tendency increasing in Uljin. The abundance rates of Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira decipiens and Chaetoceros debilis were from 7.04 to 15.74%, from 6.95 to 33.69% and from 5.17 to 13.88% in the four study areas, respectivelyThe results of correlation coefficient between standing crops of dominant species and environmental variables show that phosphates were related with the distribution of dominant species in Gori, Uljin and Younggwang, while nitrogen compounds affected the distribution of dominant species in Wolseong. In addition, salinity and temperature affected the distribution of dominant species in Wolseong and Younggwang, respectively.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canals of three (Gori, Wolseong and Uljin) nuclear power plants on the east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 1992 to October 2000. As a result, 103-107 species of marine algae were found at the discharge canals during the past nine years. In general, algal communities established at the discharge canals were less diverse than those at the intake canals and control sites. 43 species (6 blue-green, 9 green, 10 brown and 18 red algae) of marine algae occurred more than 1/6 frequency and thus can be categorized as warm tolerant species. Among these, two green (Urospora penicilliformis, Cladophora albida), four brown (Sphacelaria divaricata, S. rigidula, Sargassum coreanum, S. fulvellum) and four red algae (Stylonema alsidii, Bangia atropurpurea, Hypnea charoides, Chondria crassicaulis) are recorded as warm tolerant marine algae for the first time in Korea during this study. Enteromorpha compressa, Padina arborescens, Amphiroa zonata and Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis were common species found more than 50% frequency at the discharge canals of all three nuclear power plants investigated. Dominant species in biomass were Padina arborescens and Amphiroa zonata. Results showed that, as a whole, the red algae appeared as predominant algal group at the discharge canals of all three nuclear power plants on the east coast of Korea. However, the biomass proportion of dominant algae at the discharge canals of each nuclear power plant varied over the year during the past nine years.