• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to estimate air purification effectiveness considering the improvement of its methods related atmospheric environment. The air purification effectiveness is estimated in Daegu, one out of Korean Metropolitan cities because air pollution is getting serious in a heavily urbanized area. The absorption of pollutants is calculated by considering spatial heterogeneity that was not considered previous studies and the spatial resolution of air dispersion modeling is also improved by kriging method. According to the type and distribution of urban forest, total 26 kinds of plant communities were distributed with Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus acutissima community and other kinds of communities in the study area. In the results of estimating the $CO_2$ absorption amount for identification of the air purification effectiveness on urban forest, the annual absorption amount was total 108,155t/yr. Also, the annual absorption amounts of $NO_2$ and $SO_2$ were total 183.5 ton and 410.2 ton respectively. The findings from this study can confirm the differences of pollutant absorption by concentration that could not identify if spatial distribution of pollutant concentration had not been considered.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2020

This study aims to clarify the diversity and distribution characteristics of plant communities in four small mountain wetlands located in the high altitude area of Cheonchuk Mountain within the Wangpicheon Basin Ecological Landscape Conservation Area in Seomyeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. A total of 26 vegetation data were collected according to the Z.-M. school's phytosociological vegetation survey method considering the homogeneity of habitat type and species composition. Four physiognomic vegetation types composed of 9 syntaxa was confirmed through vegetation classification according to dominant correlation and vegetation type classification considering species composition. The Iris ensata var. spontanea-Molinia arundinacea community is a dominant plant community representing the research area. After human use, vegetation is developing through natural transition in a homogeneous location left unattended, but the distribution of other plant communities was rarely observed due to the narrow wetland area. The microtopography and hydrological environment of each wetland were identified as key factors affecting the diversity and distribution of vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2017

In this study, in order to examine the change of soil animals by vegetation restoration types, experimental sites with biotope restoration method, forest topsoil paving method, small diameter trees planting method and multi-layer community planting method were applied and the control site was selected. The naturalness of soil animals was analysed by studying the change of soil animals. It was confirmed that the control site has a high level of the naturalness of soil animals as it includes a mixture of fauna sensitive and insensitive to environment distributed widely over the site. The experimental site with biotope restoration method showed a similar level of the naturalness of soil animals as the control site. Furthermore, the naturalness of soil animals in the experimental sites with small diameter trees planting method and multi-layer community planting method also showed a progressive restoration although the level of the naturalness of soil animals is lower than the experimental site with the biotope restoration method. Therefore, it is confirmed that the experimental site with biotope restoration method shows a faster recovery of soil animal than other sites. This is because this method uses the portion of topsoil and subsoil that were dug from the intact forest during transplantation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.564-594
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• 2008

For this study, which was conducted in summer from $2006{\sim}2007$, 25 places of stream area in Korea, which were not affected by human, were selected by considering variable environmental factors. Plant surveys were performed in five qaudrats per each place of stream area(stream length=about 1km) on the basis of Braun-Blanquet(1964) and in four belt(length=20m) per each place of stream area by using belt-transect method in order to study the vegetation of the present-day potential natural state of water. In the results of the plant survey, the common plant communities in the mid-northern district(latitude$37^{\circ}37.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus mongolica community and Fraxinus rhynchophylla community(with Quercus mongolica and Quercus aliena), and the common plant communities in the southern district(latitude$35^{\circ}35.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Styrax japonica community and Quercus variabilis community. The common plant communities in the central district(latitude$36^{\circ}36.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Quercus aliena community, which have the middle characteristic between mid-northern and southern district. Also, in the results of correlation analysis between environmental factors and appearance of plant species in the survey places of stream area, Eco region showed the most significant correlation, but for the plan to restore flood plain, it is necessary to clarify the vegetation of potential natural stream by increasing the number of study cases considering variable environmental factors, in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.587-600
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• 2013

Juniperus chinensis forest were classified into 1 community group, 2 communities, 4 groups, 6 subgroups, and 7 vegetation units by phytosociological analysis(the method of ZM schools) with 79 vegetation data in south korea. By NMS analysis it appeared at first axis (13.8%) and second axis (69%) and comprehensive explanatory power was 31%. It was shown clearly in Donggang region, the East sea region and the Ulleungdo region. In INSPAN(Indicator species Analysis) of vegetation unit, 89 species were analyzed significantly. According to result of species diversity, evenness, dominance value, interspecific-competition and other related analyses for vegetation unit, the species diversity of vegetation unit 4 showed the lowest value 0.667, while the value of vegetation unit 6 showed the highest value 1.174. The dominance value of vegetation unit 7 showed the lowest value 0.163 and most vegetation units are on about 0.7, while the value of vegetation unit 1 showed highly above 0.8.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.211-219
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• 2005

Vegetation composition and structure of Sorbus commixta - native forests of South Korea were studied using phytosociological procedures and its ecological characteristics analyzed with special respect to species correlations, importance values, and constancy classes. Vegetation types were divided (great division) into Tripterygium regelii - Quercus mongolica (Inland high mountain type) and Acer takesimense - Fague crenata var. multinervis (Ulleung Island type) and ten accompanying vegetation units. In between S. commixta and life-farms, 120 correlations were positive with 23 of these having a p-value < 0.01 for trees, 21 for shrubs, 10 for woody vines, and 25 for herbs. In trees, there was a positive correlation between S. commixta and A. takesimense and T. insularis on the $1\%$ level. In shrubs, there was a positive correlation between S. commixta and Sasa kurilensis, Callicarpa japonica, Ligustrum foliosum on the $5\%$ level. In woody vines, there was a negative correlation between S. commixta and Tripterygium regelii and Actinidia rufa on the $1\%$ level. In herbs, there was a positive correlation between S. commixta and Majanthemim dilatatum and Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea on the $1\%$ level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.855-862
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation types and stand structures of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon southern region for stable and sustainable forest management. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 4 communities, 2 groups, so total 6 vegetation units. Species with high constance degree were Quercus mongolica, Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Aster scaber and Fraxinus sieboldiana. In the importance value(I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers competitive broad-leaved species such as Quercus spp. were high. P. densiflora also showed large size of DBH, while broad-leaved species distributed middle and small DBH. The annual ring growths of P. densiflora and competitive broadleaved species were variable according to area, site condition, tree year and species, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.7-17
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation type and stand structure of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon northern region for stable and sustainable management forests. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 3 communities, 5 groups, and 2 subgroups, total 7 vegetation units. Species with constance degree of more than 61% were P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Atractylodes japonica, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and Carex humilis. They were showing different characteristics by pattern according to their growing district. In the importance value (I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers Quercus spp. was high. Especially, young P. densiflora tree hardly appeared in the herb layer, but broad-leaved trees and shrub species showed high I.V.. Furthermore, the annual ring growth of P. densiflora was reduced while that of Q. spp. increased. According to analysis of stand structures and annual ring growths, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.516-529
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• 2021

Coniferous forests in the Baekdudaegan protected area are gradually losing their landscape diversity and uniqueness along with their ecological stability due to changes in vegetation composition and structures caused by various disturbance factors, such as climate change, vegetation succession, and human interference. This study provides basic data for establishing a comprehensive conservation plan for coniferous forests in the Baekdudaegan protected area. We classified the vegetation unit types using the Zurich-Montpellier School of Phytosociology and two-way indicator species analysis methods and analyzed the species diversity and structural characteristics based on the vegetation information of 755 stands collected in the natural resources change survey of the Baekdudaegan mountains (2016 to 2020) by the Korea Forest Service. Therefore, the vegetation of the coniferous forests of theBaekdudaegan protected area was classified into 15 types under the vegetation unit hierarchy of two community groups, four communities, seven sub-communities, and 14 variants. Furthermore, we compared the total coverage among vegetation types, importance values, constancy classes, life-forms, and diversity indices. Additionally, the average total coverage and number of species per 100 m² of all coniferous forests were 232% and 21 species, respectively, with the species diversity and dominance indices averaging 1.907 and 0.222, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.215-234
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify the type and characteristics of the domestic natural streams in order to establish a basis for stream restoration and evaluation. To this end, 95 domestic natural stream areas, which have various natural environments, were selected except for the province of island and then the characteristics of natural environment, hydromorpholoy, plant and vegetation were investigated and analyzed in each stream area. As a result, 95 stream areas were classified into total 24 types according to 3 criteria such as stream size (4 types), altitude (3 types), bed material (5 types). Depending on altitude class that is the environmental factor showing the highest correlation with each stream types, the emergence of vegetation and plant, 24 stream types were reclassified into 3 types such as lowland (altitude less than 200m), mountain (altitude from 200m to 500m), highland (altitude more than 500m), and hydromorpholoy, plant and vegetation characteristics of each stream type were compared. First, when compared to the mountain and highland streams, the typical features of lowland streams were as follows: Stream size was large but bed material size was small and there were many valley forms where flood plane were developed well. In addition, the more large stream size was, the more cross-section width variability, bars and sinuosity were in good conditions. In lowland stream, representative vegetation community was Salix koreensis community. On the other hand, when compared to the lowland streams, the typical features of mountain and highland streams were as follows: Stream size was small but bed material was coarse-grained and its size was large. Mountain and highland streams valley form where flood plane was not developed well was narrow, and sinuosity and bars development were weak. Representative vegetation communities of mountain streams were Quercus serrata -, Quercus variabilis -, Styrax japonica community and representative vegetation communities of highland streams were Pinus densiflora -, Quercus mongolica -, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community.