• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2017

This study investigates the association between financial reporting strategy and the directors' and officers' liability insurance. Since D&O insurance protects officers and directors against the risks of shareholder litigation, it is possible that, because of moral hazard, managers will be more willing to participate in opportunistic financial reporting such as earnings manipulation when they are covered by a generous D&O insurance policy. This paper examines the association between D&O insurance and financial reporting, specifically whether the purchase of D&O insurance affects earnings manipulation. On the other side, the firms engage earnings management are willing to purchase D&O insurance, this study tests whether earnings manipulation affects D&O purchases using listed firms in Korean stock market from 2006 to 2008. This paper finds that firms with higher discretionary accruals are less likely to purchase D&O insurance implies that managers who are participating in earnings manipulation are not willing to purchase D&O insurance. The relation between discretionary accruals and D&O is significantly negative which indicate D&O insurance purchase does not trigger earnings manipulation rather it alleviates opportunistic reporting behavior.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.395-401
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• 2014

As social network service becomes common, the consumers use many discount coupons with which they can purchase goods via social commerce. Although, the quantities of coupons offered from social commerce are currently on the sharp increase, customized coupon service that reflects user preference is not offered. This paper proposes a coupon service method reflecting user's subjective inclination targeting food coupons to offer customized coupon service for social commerce. Towards this end, this paper conducts hierarchization of the factors that become standard in selecting coupons including food types, food prices, discount rates and the number of buyers. And then, this study classifies, extracts and offers the coupons using Fuzzy-AHP, a decision making support method that reflects subjective inclination. From the user satisfaction results on the extracted coupons, the users are generally satisfied: very satisfactory with 45%, satisfactory with 33% and fair with 22%, and there was no experiment participant, who was dissatisfied.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.241-256
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• 2011

The present study examines the impact of eWOM on consumer decision making process by viewing eWOM as the product information supplier. We employ the concept of information entropy which was proposed in the information theory to explain different consumer responses to various types of product information in eWOM. Information entropy is the degree of uncertainty associated with the information in the message. In eWOM, a variety of information with different levels of entropy is available, and these different entropy levels result in different impacts on consumer behavior. The preliminary hypotheses are formulated to examine the impact of eWOM on consumer behavior, at the product attribute level and the purchase action level separately. An experiment was conducted to online shopping mall users and the analysis gives valuable insights into our future research.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 1999

The college students selected by random sampling were classified into several groups by their impulse buying pattern and the psychological characteristics that cause them. Their life styles, fashion leadership, self-confidence and self-image in clothing were the subjects of comparative analysis. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. 1. The college women students could be classified into several groups by their impulse buying orientations. 2. The student life styles were different by their shopping orientations. The high shopping involved shopping type and the leisure pursuit shopping type attached great importance to material life and modern life style. The economic shopping type took the intellectual self-image seriously, and the low shopping involved type thought much of the traditional life style. 3. The high shopping involved type and the leisure pursuit shopping type were more impulse buying oriented. They showed the tendencies to the fashion innovativeness and fashion opinion leadership. But the economic shopping involved shopping type and low shopping involved shopping type showed quite different tendencies. The high shopping involved shopping type and low shopping involved shopping type were contrast in their self-confidence in shopping. The former showed the highest self-confidence and the latter showed the lowest self-confidence. 4. The high shopping involved shopping type were more extroversive, dominant, sensitive and pioneering. These psychological characteristics were supposed to contribute to their impulse buying. 5. The high shopping involved shopping type and the leisure pursuit shopping type perceived themselves as more sophisticated, modern, creative and sociable. They thought they had diverse life styles. These two groups were more impulse buying oriented, and their self-images were different from economic shopping type and low shopping involved shopping type.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

In designing Intelligent Traffic Systems, it should be necessary to consider telecommunications, appearance, environment, auxiliary functions, safety, and so on. Also, in choosing a car, a consumer considers those properties. This paper tried to elucidate the fact that car color has a very significant meaning for car safety when administrating intelligent traffic services and making car-purchasing decision. We first studied on occurrence probability of car accident according to car color that has something to do with car safety. Then, we studied on the concepts of advancing color and receding color. Advancing color causes less accidents since the color looks closer than it actually is. And receding color causes more accidents since the color looks farther than it actually is. And we classified car colors into eight classes and assign their ranking to each class, considering the number of car accidents. We tried to verify our research by use of telephone questionnaire for residents in Kunsan, Republic of Korea.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Households are categorized as exceptions in the Fire Services Act; oftentimes, the 'Golden Time' is missed at the early stages of a fire, resulting in loss of life. As such, due to the high number of deaths caused by household fires, the Korean government amended the Fire Services Act to make it mandatory for all detached houses to be equipped with a fire extinguisher from 2017 onwards. Only 34.8% of households were properly equipped with a fire extinguisher, according to the 2018 factual survey on fire extinguishing facilities in households conducted by the Fire Department. Fire extinguishers are crucial in case of fire but many households avoid them because they are red and have a rough aesthetic, which does not suit the household environment. There is now a need for diverse simple fire extinguisher designs so that they can be used as interior décor in the household in the day-to-day while being available for putting out a fire when necessary. If fire extinguishers have designs that go well with any household space like other decorative ornaments, this will greatly increase consumers' motivation to purchase them. It is greatly anticipated that various companies will work on developing designs for fire extinguishers to commercialize them for households in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.115-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is that to study of musical performer's purchasing behavior, satisfaction and design preference, and to give the information for better performance costume market based on that result. The target for the survey is limited only for above 4th grade female students and have experienced more than three times of performances. Total 364 questionnaires are used for this research. The SPSS was used for the analysis. The results were, first, in the survey of place of purchasing, specialty shop for musical performance shop was the most. The most group for the budget that they spent was under 100,000 Won. Rational price for costume would be 150,000-300,000 Won. Most people purchase costume before 2 weeks and compare 3-4 stores mostly. There were not many complaints about being comfort for costume itself. The preference for costume was different depends on not only scale of performance but also whether solo, duet or trio or more. Also harmony with other person costume was most consideration factor when they perform duet or more. For the choice of shop factor following were considered the most important; various selections, kindness of sales persons and possibility for trying various costumes. However, locations of shop or delivery service were not important relatively. For the choice of costume factor, design color, comfort and functionality were considered the most important but price, quality and decoration were not. For 'the satisfaction after purchase costume' factor, people's opinions, best appearance on the stage and meeting image with themselves were considered the most important. Second, on the subject for 'design preference of costume based on type of performance', people chose different color of dress depends on what types of performance. In case of solo, they prefer vivid primary color; in case of trio or more, they prefer black; in case of duet, they prefer pastel tone. As for preference of sleeve design, all of them prefer non-sleeve type.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.231-248
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to analyze ‘consumer education system in middle school’, whether it is suitably organized to help students make the right decision in their daily life as a rational consumer in this fast changing “the Informational Society”. We divided the consumer education of “the Informational Society” into 4 fields of studies(consumer information technique, decision making on purchasing, consumer financial management, and consumerism) and made specific analysis for this research. The “Technology & Home Economics” textbook which follows ‘The 7th curriculum’ conducted by “Korean Educational Board” Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development for first and second grade in middle school were used for this analysis. The results founded are as follows: first, for the curriculum analysis according to the 4 fields of consumer education, both the first and the second grade students' textbook had consumer information technique as the major portion of the consumer education. Second, as a result of the comparison between the two grade levels showed that the second grade level has higher portion of consumer education in “Home economics & Technology” textbook than the first grade level. Third, the present status of consumer education showed that the first grade level's consumer education was only limited in consumer information technique, but the second grade level's consumer education was ranging evenly throughout the 3 fields of consumer education: consumer information technique, decision making on purchasing and consumerism. These results of this study contribute to the development of an efficient and desirable curriculum for the adolescent' consumer education, specially for school consumer education, in “the Informational Society”.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.628-629
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• 2011

E-commerce is a kind of trade type between buyers and sellers rely on computer networks. Carried out according to certain standards of various business activities. e-commerce is based on modern information technology and network technology, financial electronic collection, management, information technology, business and trade information networks into one, aimed at logistics, capital flow and information flow of harmony and unity of the new trade, trade activities of the entire process, electronic, networking and digital. E-commerce has brought to the traditional ways of trading a huge impact, led to changes in economic structures, is a business revolution in the way and is recognized internationally as the 21st century is an important driver of economic development compared to current traditional companies. In this material, we first consider the current problem, analyze particular characteristics of clothing shopping mall to increase the purchasing power of customer. For these reasons, we describe the process for building the clothing site.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.568-574
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• 2015

Recently RFID not only is widely utilized in various fields such as inventory management, merchandize logistics, etc., but also, has evolved as an important component of the Internet of Things (IoT). According to increasing the utilization field of RIFD, studies for security and privacy for RFID system have been made diverse. Among them, the ownership transfer protocols for RFID tags have also been proposed in connection with the purchase of products embedded with RFID tag. Recently, Kapoor and Piramuthu proposed a RFID ownership transfer protocol to solve the problems of security weakness of the previous RFID ownership transfer protocols. In this paper, we show that Kapoor-Piramuthu's protocol also has security problems and provide a new protocol to resolve them. Security analysis of newly proposed protocol shows the security concerns are resolved.