• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of the Difflam spray 0.3% with the sodium bicarbonate-normal saline spray on oral care for postoperative patients. Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to either the Difflam (n=22) group or the saline solution (n=23) group. The data were collected at the 1-, 4-, 7-, and 10-hour marks after returning to the ward post operation using the Beck's subjective oral discomfort scale, Visual Analogue Scale for sore throat, and portable halitosis detector. Results: The sore throat (F=7.25, p=.001) score significantly decreased after oral care using the Difflam spray 0.3%. However, the difference in the scores of oral comfort (F=0.34, p=.797) and halitosis (F=0.91, p=.443) between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Difflam spray 0.3% is effective in improving postoperative sore throat. A further study that explores the effect of various oral solutions for postoperative patients is needed to present systemic and effective evidence-based oral care guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral cryotherapy on oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, inflammatory cytokines, and oral comfort in patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25, receiving oral cryotherapy during chemotherapy) and the control group (n=25, receiving the usual care consisting of 0.9% normal saline gargles three times before meals). Oral mucositis was assessed using the oral assessment guide, while oral comfort was assessed using the oral perception guide. Reactive oxygen series was measured as total oxidant stress, and the level of two inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), were examined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference in the oral mucositis score, reactive oxygen series score, $TNF-{\alpha}$ level, and oral comfort score between the two groups, and there were significant changes over time and in the group-by-time interactions. There was a significant difference in the IL-6 score between the two groups, but there were no significant changes over time or in the group-by-time interactions. Conclusion: The study results revealed that oral cryotherapy was more effective than the usual care regime of normal saline gargles for reducing oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, and inflammatory cytokines and for improving oral comfort in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Purpose: This study compared the effect of two oral care agents on preventing stomatitis and discomfort for acute leukemic patients. Methods: A total of forty patients was enrolled and randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate or chlorhexidine group. WHO oral toxicity scale was used for measuring stomatitis and Beck's subjective oral discomfort scale for evaluating oral comfort. Data was collected from August 2009 to February 2010. The data was analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: Data analyzed was thirty five one. The incidence of stomatitis was 47.4%, 68.8% in sodium bicarbonate and chlohexidine group respectively. The onset of stomatitis was about the 10th and 9th day after chemotherapy initiation, and the duration was 8.0 and 8.67 day respectively. The severity of stomatitis was highest on the 21st day after chemotherapy initiation. There were no statistical differences in the status of stomatitis and the levels of oral comfort during treatment periods. Conclusion: Nurses should routinely assess oral cavity and encourage patients to do oral care actively from second to third week after chemotherapy initiation. Also sodium bicarbonate agent can be recommended to for preventing stomatitis.