• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2019

Mathematics is one of the subjects in which learners seriously experience under-achievements in school education. Middle school level mathematics especially plays such a role as a bridge between elementary level informal mathematics and high school level formal mathematics that learners' under-achievements in the middle school level mathematics may yield more serious under-achievements later. Therefore it is crucial to prevent learners' later under-achievements that we analyze the status of under achievements including analysing various under-achievers' errors in the middle school level mathematics. From this point of view, we analysed errors of mathematics under-achievers in understanding the concept of the square root of positive numbers and related calculations in this paper. As the results of our research, we found some unexpected errors of 'some mathematics under-achievers regarding the mathematical symbol ${\surd}$ of square root as a parenthesis ( ), and others interpret $x=-2{\pm}{\sqrt{10}}$ as x=-2 or ${\pm}{\sqrt{10}}$.' that suggest the necessity of more various and in-depth discussions and researches of analysis on learners' errors and misconceptions in all areas of school mathematics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.734-739
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• 2018

The National Forestry Inventory of Korea has started the 7th (2016 ~ 2020) survey from the first (1972 ~ 1974) National Forest Situation Survey. The diameter at breast height was measured using a diameter tape, and the tree height was measured using a hypsometer in the National Forestry Inventory of Korea from the 1st to recently the 7th surveying. In the case of the diameter tape, however, irregularly shaped trees may cause a large error. In the case of a hypsometer, the height may be measured indirectly in 10 cm increments to the front edge of the tree, so that the accuracy may be lowered. This paper suggests the use of SLAM to improve the accuracy and advance forest investigations. For this purpose, a test bed for the measurement of DBH and tree height was set up, and the scan data was acquired directly using SLAM equipment. The accuracy of DBH and tree height measurements were analyzed. As a result, it was possible to calculate directly the DBH and tree height to 1mm unit, and it showed that the DBH accuracy of 2cm or less and the accuracy of the tree height accuracy of 1.3cm or less are sufficient for practical use. Based on the results, the scan data will be acquired for sample points and analyzed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.511-519
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of infection control in dental office and the degree of infection control practice of dental hygienists. A self-reported questionnaire was answered by 193 dental hygienists working in dental hospitals or dental clinics in Gyeonggi and Incheon areas. The number of bacteria was measured sample of surface dental unit chair shoulder backrests and light handles from 19 dental hospitals and 28 dental clinics. It was responded that impression or occlusion bodies were routinely disinfected in 52.6% of the dental hospitals and dental prosthesis were routinely disinfected in 46.4% in dental clinics. The dental hospital and clinics disinfect the surface each 26.3%, 25% after the patient treatment. The dental hospital and clinic were detected bacteria $5.02^*10\^3CFU/mL$, $1^*10\^4CFU/mL$, from dental unit chair backrest, respectively and $8.32^*10\^3CFU/mL$, $4.26^*10\^4CFU/mL$ from light handles, respectively. At the conclusion of this investigation, it can be kept from infection source in dental office is to make the right selection and use of the personal protective equipments and to improve the practice level by regular and active education. The same infection control practice should be done by institutionalizing and mandating infection control practice.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Purpose: This study intends to determine how disaster prevention characteristics of important state-designated wooden cultural properties in Gyeongsangnam-do vary according to the surrounding environments and to examine disaster prevention measures for wooden cultural properties that fit their surrounding environments accordingly. Method: The designation status and characteristics of cultural properties in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do were identified, and the damage status of cultural properties in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do was reviewed based on the history of disasters. Also, the disaster prevention environments for 58 state-designated wooden cultural properties in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do were analyzed separately into mountainous area, rural area and urban area, topographic characteristics were drawn. Results: For cultural properties located in urban areas, it was found that security guards were arranged properly and disaster prevention training was carried out well. In addition, access condition to the cultural properties was adequate; prompt access to such properties was possible. In rural areas, flame retardant works have been undertaken properly and many cultural properties were found to be located on a flat ground. Mountainous areas had highly inadequate access condition to cultural properties and disasters occurred most frequently in these areas in the past. Conclution: First, for wooden cultural properties located in urban areas, it is necessary to secure the self-defense fire service manpower for an initial response and reinforce the disaster prevention education. Second, for wooden cultural properties located in rural areas, prevention projects such as insect control project and disaster prevention insurance should be carried out in order to protect the cultural properties. Third, as for wooden cultural properties located in mountainous areas, it is necessary to prepare establish to reinforce self-response capability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2019

This study aims to look at the application methods of landscape architecture in response to the 4th Industrial Revolution. The results of the analysis of trends in the 4th Industrial Revolution and the subsequent search for application methods to the field of landscape architecture are as follows. First, the 4th Industrial Revolution means innovative change based on digital technology and seeks to create value based on intelligent information technology, and continuous growth is being made through innovation. This requires expertise to collect large amounts of information and creatively rework it, and a strategy to flexibly cope with changes in the times. Second, the status of technological use in response to the 4th Industrial Revolution in the field of landscape architecture is generalizing the establishment of precise analysis results such as survey technology and global mapping using drones, three-dimensional design simulation, and VR. In the field of traditional landscape architecture, efforts are made to obtain accurate fact-finding data on landscape site components. Third, the application methods in the field of landscape science according to the 4th Industrial Revolution in the future are required to supply precision technology and supply programs in the technology sector, and to provide a shared platform. In addition, a systemically standardized process will need to be established for this. In addition, educational efforts should be continued to professional manpower training and provide economic support for the development of technologies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.464-473
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze e-commerce food purchase behavior and the perceptions of adult women according to their household types. Methods: The e-commerce food purchases of 318 adult women were surveyed and analyzed according to their household types (one-person or couple household (OCH); a household with children (HC); a household with parents (HP)). Results: The total amount of food purchases over 6 months through e-commerce according to household types was in the descending order of OCH (60.3%), HC (57%), and HP (55.1%) thus showing a significant difference (P < 0.05) in behavior between household types. The reasons for purchasing food through e-commerce included: a lower price than offline (30.8%), convenient delivery and transportation (30.2%), and food diversity (21.1%). When purchasing food online, the most important factor was price and quality, followed by quick and accurate delivery for OCH, exact information given about the product for HC, and recommendation from other consumers for HP (P < 0.01). The main foods purchased through e-commerce were coffee, tea (42.1%), instant and frozen foods (39.9%), water, beverages, dairy products (37.7%), snacks, bread, rice cakes (31.5%), and functional foods (27.4%). The percentage of respondents who were very satisfied or satisfied with their e-commerce food purchases was HP (84.1%), OCH (69.9%), and HC (65.6%) in that order (P < 0.05), and 96.5% of all subjects stated that they would be willing to purchase food through e-commerce in the future. The advantages of purchasing food through e-commerce were seen to be the highest in order and payment convenience with 4.1 points out of 5, followed by low price (4.0), variety of products (3.9), and ease of food purchase (3.9). Among the disadvantages listed, concerns about product damage and deterioration during delivery and differences between the displayed product and the delivered product were the highest with 3.7 points. Conclusions: The characteristics and perceptions of female consumers according to household types are important factors in enhancing the reach of e-commerce, and in preparing guidelines for food selection through e-commerce.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.332-345
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• 2020

This study sought to explore the demand in the social service sector and present policy implications, focusing on the vulnerable in rural villages exposed to worse conditions amid the Covid-19 crisis. To this end, the social service needs of vulnerable groups by household type were analyzed by utilizing the raw data of the 2018 Survey on Rural Well-Being. Analysis showed that the greatest demand social services for all rural villages, the elderly, the disabled, one-person, one elderly and low-income households were income support services, while in household that included children the demand was for childcare and education-related services. The second-highest social services in terms of demand were cultural leisure vacation support services for all rural villages, healthcare-related services for the elderly, the disabled, one elderly and low-income households, cultural leisure vacation support services for households including children and daily life support services for single-person households. Based on these results, a measure was proposed to support social services, tailored to vulnerable groups in rural villages. In addition, the government's lack of a consultation system between urban and rural welfare policies, such as a basic plan for health and welfare in rural villages, led this paper to discuss the need for a feedback function and dedicated formulation of mid- to long-term policies in rural villages. It also proposed the establishment of conditions for providing customized social services for rural villages.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2021

Given that music is not part of the national/regular curriculum and how music therapy is a new endeavor in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), this study aimed to investigate parents' perceptions of the music therapy given to their children with disabilities in the UAE. A survey was administered to 33 parents of children with disabilities living in Sharjah, UAE. The survey consisted of 43 questions related to characteristics of the music therapy sessions that the participants' children received and the parents' satisfaction with their children's music therapy. The results showed that participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the music therapy provided to their children. In terms of their participation in music therapy sessions, 33.3% of parents co-participated in music therapy sessions with their children, and 45.5% of parents observed their children's sessions. Parents who had direct participation in music therapy sessions were significantly more satisfied with their children's music therapy (p < .05) and perceived greater positive changes in their children as a result of the therapy (p < .05). Parents perceived their children as being able to positively respond to music, leading to positive changes in behavior. Despite these benefits, participants also reported the need for formal opportunities for family members to learn about the applications and outcomes of music therapy. The findings of this study supports the implementation of music therapy throughout the UAE and point to the need for future studies as music therapy expands across the country.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of Korean older adults' use of Social Network Service (SNS) and text messages with frequency of contact with 1) non-coresident adult children, 2) siblings and relatives, or 3) friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. Data were drawn from the 2017 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons 65+ (N=8,392), and older adults were categorized into 4 groups depending on their familiarity with use of SNS and text messages. Ordinary Least Squares regression models were estimated for analyses. Results revealed that older users of both types of communication media reported frequent exchanges of calls, text messages, etc. with both family and friends. However, using SNS and text messages was consistently related to more face-to-face contact with non-family members. To conclude, older adults' familiarity with communication media could be key to exchanges of emotional and instrumental support with informal social network members and quality of life in the community. Overall, our results highlight the importance of information communication education targeting older adults for continued involvement with their informal social network members.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.336-344
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the self-awareness of smartphone dependence among undergraduate students and their response to the same. The data was drawn from a survey on smartphone overdependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and information and communications technology (ICT) and the National Information Society Agency in 2017. The responses of 1,735 undergraduate students were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum-maximum value, ��2-test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that 22.3% of participants were at risk of smartphone dependence, and 63.6% of them were unaware of their dependence on smartphones. The perception of smartphone dependence was significantly associated with a higher risk of smartphone dependence (��=.35, p=.000) and the increasing use of applications such as games (��=.19, p=.000), television/video (��=.11, p=.000), and learning (��=.11, p=.000). Of the participants with dependence awareness, only a few knew about the existence of centers to prevent smartphone and internet dependence. Moreover, they rarely utilized these centers. However, the participants felt the need for more counseling agencies (26.8%), programs for dealing with oneself (23.2%), information about smartphone dependence (14.9%), and help to overcome dependence (10.9%). These findings show the need to establish public services so that students can easily access correct information on smartphone dependence and address this problem.