• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.856-869
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• 2006

J. J. Schwab is usually considered as the founder of the concept of scientific enquiry, perhaps the most important key word of science education of the 20th century. Mainly through the method of literature review, this study reappraises Schwab's life as a science educator as well as a curriculum scholar, and his ideas concerning several important issues about science and science education. Like other eminent science educators, before the 1950s, who were originally talented scientists but later became engaged in educational activities, Schwab were trained and known as a genetic scientist, but later he concentrated on university reform, curriculum studies and science education. His academic interest was very diverse across different disciplines, from biology and science in general to history, philosophy and education. The essence of his theory of scientific enquiry was 'to teach science as science', and the best way to do it was 'to teach science as enquiry'. With enquiry, however, he tried to deliver some important but differentiated meanings, for example by distinguishing 'science as enquiry' and 'teaching as enquiry', and 'static enquiry' and 'fluid enquiry'. Scientific enquiry was the core concept upon which many of his ideas concerning science education and education in general were based, such as the diversity of science, textbooks, curriculum and roles of teachers. In summary, Schwab can be characterized as a rational reformist of science education, who tried to identify the very nature and goals of the discipline and to bring its substantial changes with concrete and practical guidelines. Nevertheless, some of his ideas, like the diversity of science and conceptual invention, have been handed down by his followers frequently with considerable distortion.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.303-320
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• 2024

This study presents the development and performance evaluation of a custom GPT-based chatbot tailored to provide solutions following Polya's problem-solving stages. A beta version of the chatbot was initially deployed to assess its mathematical capabilities, followed by iterative error identification and correction, leading to the final version. The completed chatbot demonstrated an accuracy rate of approximately 89.0%, correctly solving an average of 57.8 out of 65 image-based problems from a 6th-grade elementary mathematics textbook, reflecting a 4 percentage point improvement over the beta version. For a subset of 50 problems, where images were not critical for problem resolution, the chatbot achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 91.0%, solving an average of 45.5 problems correctly. Predominant errors included problem recognition issues, particularly with complex or poorly recognizable images, along with concept confusion and comprehension errors. The custom chatbot exhibited superior mathematical performance compared to the general-purpose ChatGPT. Additionally, its solution process can be adapted to various grade levels, facilitating personalized student instruction. The ease of chatbot creation and customization underscores its potential for diverse applications in mathematics education, such as individualized teacher support and personalized student guidance.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.402-414
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of Science Chief Teachers in schools, focusing on the specific activities in which they engage during the school year as a part of the science curriculum in the school. To do so, five research participants were selected who were in charge of the activities of the Science Chief Teacher in elementary schools. After the interviews, their activities and roles were categorized into "planning and implementation" and "management and supplementation." In addition, the research participants were asked to bring documents they had drafted and provide information about accomplishments related to science contests, lists of materials and equipment used in science labs, and other materials to be used as reference data for the research. As prompted by the research, the category of "planning and implementation," which represented the activities conducted by the Science Chief Teachers, was further classified into "operation of the intramural events for the Month of Science at the beginning of the school year," "participation in contests sponsored by the Office of Education in accordance with the results of the intramural events," " the operation of the science club in school," and "preparation for the end of the year evaluation of the science education performance." As for the category of "management and supplementation," it was further classified into "constant management and improvement of the science lab," "maintenance of the relationship with the public service officials present at science lab," and "management of other matters related to the science education." Through this study, it was possible to look into the activities of the Science Chief Teachers who supported the smooth progress of science education in schools. This study will provide implications for improving the work efficiency of the Chief Science Teachers and indicate the difficulties expected in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2020

This study is an empirical study analyzing the effects of positive psychological capital on job burnout. In addition, positive psychological capital played a role in organizational citizenship behavior, and tried to verify the role of organizational citizenship behavior as a black box, or parameter, between job burnout. And then, the sub-factors of organizational citizenship behavior were divided into two: individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and organization-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted for members of small and medium-sized enterprises to compare and analyze the relationship between variables. Positive psychological capital is increasing interest in that it can reduce the job burnout of members and embrace the propensity of young generations represented by millennials because it can improve the effectiveness by developing positive mental states and strengths of the organization. There is a need for research as a keyword. As a result of this study, first, it was found that positive psychological capital of SME(small and medium-sized enterprises) members had a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Second, positive psychological capital was found to have a significant negative effect on job burnout. Third, it was a verification of how positive psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior affect job burnout. In the relationship between positive psychological capital and job burnout, organization-oriented organizational citizenship behavior was found to play a mediating role. However, it was found that individual-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors among the organizational citizenship behaviors are not valid. In this study, positive psychological capital and job burnout, which have been mainly studied in service workers' emotional workers(crew, nurses, counselors, etc.), nursery teachers, and social workers, were applied to SME members by using the parameters of organizational citizenship behavior. You can put that implication on things. The positive psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior can be further enhanced through SME members' love for the company, improvement of consideration among employees and resulting organizational commitment and work performance. It could also provide momentum for sustainable management for small and medium-sized enterprises that are relatively short of capital and resources.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the quantitative trend of domestic studies in invention gifted education, identify the intrinsic meaning and connection attributes in these research analysis, and provide basic data to explore future development plans. To this end, 97 domestic academic papers were finally selected as "Invention Gifted Education" by the Korea Research and Information Service (RISS), technical statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS on publication year, author composition, researcher's affiliation and location area, and published journal. The trend, which had been on the rise since 2007, confirmed by academic papers on gifted education in invention, peaked at the time of the 3rd comprehensive plan for gifted education and has since declined again. As a result of technical statistical analysis of the author's characteristics, half of the papers were jointly published, followed by a number of independent authors. The papers published alone were identified as belonging to universities, research institutes, elementary schools, and middle schools, and the cooperative papers were many studies cooperated with young researchers and professional researchers, and only one collaborative study was conducted between young researchers. When looking at the regions and journals in which the Invention Gifted Education thesis was published, it was concentrated in some regions or journals, and the deviation was very large. As a result of language network analysis using academic paper keywords, creativity and programs were identified as meaningful keywords that showed top appearance, and the keyword pair with high co-appearance was invention gifted-creativity. The keyword of connection-centeredness at the top served as an intermediary for creativity, problem-solving, development, and company to expand to other research topics, and served as a research topic that could be expanded to various topics. In the case of mediation-centeredness, creativity, programs, and effects showed high mediation-centeredness, indicating that it is an important keyword that plays a role in mediating or mediating other keywords. Through these research results, national policy measures need to be prepared for the development of gifted education, and the need to create an invention ecological culture that can enhance teachers' expertise while increasing social responsibility for gifted education.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.1-34
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• 2016

This paper aims to understand how Daesoonjinrihoe perceives the Later World. Daesoonjinrihoe supports to establish an earthly paradise through the re-creation of the real world unlike other religions which tend to relegate ultimate fulfillment to the afterlife. In other words, Daesoonjinrihoe endeavors to achieve their objectives in the human world rather than outside of it in a potential act of escapism. The new religions in Korea have been characterized by ethnocentrism and doctrines which present Koreans as the new chosen people by emphasizing Korea's crucial role in world leadership. However, the doctrine of Daesoonjinrihoe differ with other new religions of Korea in this regard as its purpose is to redeem the whole world. Daesoonjinrihoe proposes an open embrace of the religious diversity found in Korean society. Daesoonjinrihoe argues that the Later World has not come yet, even though the Former World is over and progress towards the Later World has already been set in motion. The meaning of human nobility is akin to anthropocentricity. According to a variety of myths and legends, animals and supernatural often attempt to become human. Moreover, it would not be an overstatement to assert that the re-creation of the real world and the Daesoon concept of human nobility correspond with these myths and legends. There were not definite interpretations regarding heaven in Confucianism historically, yet Daesoonjinrihoe differentiates clearly that heaven and Sangje are cosmic structures. Buddhism perceives that heaven separately exists as a cosmic structure and that Buddha is a transcendental entity, however; that entity is not accessible for intercession. On the contrary, the ways to save the world have been adduced in Daesoonjinrihoe. In addition, the earthly paradise of the Later World has likewise been introduced. Specifically, it is Sangje that opens the door to that paradise. Unresolved issues in the formation of a world view still persist. There are no shortage of studies on the notion of gods or divine beings, however; most of these studies focus on genealogical classification, forms, functions and other such topics. The concept of god, ghost, or soul does not seem to have been clearly defined in these studies nor has the relationship among these entities and humanity been satisfactorily examined. For example, if human beings become either gods or divine beings, questions regarding divine beings who have acted as protectors or guardians of human beings then arises. The Daesoon cosmology should be specifically compared to cosmology in Daoism. By conducting additional studies such as a comparative research with Daoism, it will be possible to interpret mantras and Daoist art as they appear in Daesoonjinrihoe in a thought-provoking way which can in turn be compared with other religions.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.1 s.39
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• pp.77-93
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• 2006

As our current society is increasingly demanding a Home Economics Education curriculum that projects the recent changes around us, in this study we hope to present which fundamental materials would be needed in Home Economics Education to satisfy the needs of learners in schools and to Provide actual practice and information crucial to live in the future society. A reform of the present Home Economics regime is needed, and as a result of critical analysis on the subject we found that it did not portray the plurality of family relations and cultures owing to the sudden changes in society, nor did it present an active curriculum that could be applied to the changes in social environments. This was partly because of the matter of establishing a proper academic identity of Home Economics Education, the matter of specializing curriculums and general methods of applying them, the academic conservatism in the field of Home Economics, and ineffectiveness of teacher reeducation as well as a lack of leadership on the part of administrative departments. The objective and content structure of Home Economics Education should be reformed to adjust to the current society by taking an approach focused on family and the consumer. In the family part, curriculums should include the formations of various family structures and home cultures to portray a more open concept of family, which should promote gender equality in matters of child upbringing and housework. From a humanitive perspective, Home Education should he dealing with the mediation and decision-making of individuals caught between social advancement and household functions. their communication skills in choosing and deciding, and furthermore their participation in their living communities which may present more material basis of critical scientific philosophies to be discussed in class. Additional themes such as sustainable consumption for earth environment and resource preservation and ways of application to rebuild our diminishing society must also be included in the education curriculum. We should look to find a more integrated approach to Home Economics Education rather than the present field based and specialized regime.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational factors on career choice of science-gifted students to science and technology bound universities and the difference of perception in regards to group factors. In addition, this study aimed to examine the effects of science-gifted education and critical events in relation to career choice to science and technology bound universities. For the study, 104 university freshmen, 75 males and 29 females, were sampled from UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), that many science high school graduates entered this year. The survey was conducted with questionnaires to do with the perceptions concerning career choice and educational factors that cause them to choose such career directions. The educational factors on career choice to science and technology bound universities were classified as 3 main categories such as educational environment factor (teaching-learning factor), human factor, attitude towards science factor and the subcategories within each category. The research findings are as follows: First, the factors were closely connected with each other and 'the project centered classes' were highly interrelated with other educational environment factors such as 'the experiment activity and environment for the activity' and 'influence of teachers (professors).' Second, the female students and graduates of the science high school were more positively influenced by the educational environment and human factors on their decision for career than male students and graduates of the general high school. Third, this research found that historical scientific knowledge, perception of scientists' social status and job applications in the science field gave less influence rather than other factors on their decision for career. As a result of examining critical events for science-gifted education in relation to career choice to science and technology bound universities, numerous students mentioned that the extracurricular science activities such as science camps and field trips gave significant effects on students' career choices to science and engineering fields.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-150
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• 2011

The purpose of this study vocational courses in general high schools in each city in order to operate efficiently. Provinces operating status and the general high school vocational courses through the regular high school vocational courses siltae analysis to identify operational problems, and that is to derive ways to improve. Operating in the desired direction, the typical high school vocational courses ilbango select students that meet the purpose of operating as one that students admit you need the correct promotion and career guidance and vocational courses ilbango teachers of vocational courses is operating correctly recognize the purpose and students with career guidance and vocational courses so that you can operate effectively at: Provincial Office-wide need to conduct a systematic study. Vocational courses also target students ilbango sosokgyo (wonjeokgyo) to be completed in the course stated in the plan for the school and the need to practice, and professional students ilbango by configuring a separate class is most preferable to operate. If the person is prime target, with each region run by creating a class needs to definitely consider. Entrusted to the agency's key performance improvements in order to improve the employment rate in the direction of promotional materials for the students selected to take advantage of college enrollment than the employment data for the students and their parents ilbango vocational courses for the purpose and intent is necessary to provide accurate information In addition, the employment rate is relatively low industrial (information) to install the school department employment, and employment representatives (industry-academia co-coordinator), and by placing career paths and industries to ensure the needs of industry, including working conditions and students who wish adjusting to the role, and industrial college (2 years), industrial (information) through the school's agreement to the aggressive promotional schemes seonchwieop hujinhak. Getting the need to encourage. Vocational courses ilbango in the new and the abolition, rather than the case of some popular course when you are away from work and there, so if the course-changing industry, new or repealed to reflect the demands of social work and careful review of how to connect carefully to decide by. Commissioned a systematic quality management in education, in terms of industry (information) schools and public vocational training institutions or private vocational school is better than school. However, 16 cities across the country. Also only five of the major cities around the school has industry information. Ilbango vocational courses at the expected continued demand. Degrees, the operation in terms of comparative advantage in many ways the school's new industry information is necessary to consider.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.65-92
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to conduct survey analyses of the role perception and performance of homeroom teachers in elementary schools in Seoul as well as their students' expectations for teachers' role as counsellors. The study also aims to analyze the causes behind the lackluster performance, to provide assistance in teachers' counselling and guidance activities and collect basic data for providing a plausible orientation for elementary school counselling. Research topics for achieving these study objectives are as follows. First, what is the status quo of counselling between elementary school students and teachers? Second, what is the role perception of elementary school homeroom teachers as counsellors and their current level of performance? Third, what are the differences in students' expectations for homeroom teachers' role as counsellors according to students' environmental variables such as gender and grade? Fourth, what are the discrepancies between the roles perception and performance of elementary school homeroom teachers and role expectation of students for homeroom teachers' role as counsellors? In order to answer these questions, surveys were conducted for 229 teachers and 385 students in grades 4, 5 and 6 in 11 elementary schools in Seoul, and the results were analyzed. The questionnaires used for this study were modified and supplemented according to the research objectives based on survey questions released by Gyung-Beom Lee(1989), Hak-Soo Lee(2001) and Gi-Nam Gwon(2005). Statistical analyses were peformed using the SPSS for Windows 10.0 program. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, most elementary school homeroom teachers were involved in counselling activities, and about half of them were providing counselling once a month or less. The classroom was the primary location of counselling, and more than half of the surveyed teachers were dissatisfied with their counselling activities. The teachers cited overwhelming teaching hours and excessive work as the factors that made counselling difficult. Second, it was revealed that most elementary school students have had experiences of anguish and most have had some form of counselling. They mostly sought counselling from their parents and friends, and the reasons behind such choices were that they were very understanding. Third, most students responded that they have had no experience of receiving counselling from their homeroom teachers. Among those with counselling experience with their homeroom teachers, most said that the counselling was helpful. The most significant reason for not receiving counselling from their homeroom teachers was that the students had no worries to talk about with their teachers. Fourth, as a result of categorizing the role of elementary school homeroom teachers as counsellors according to the areas of counselling, role perception for each area turned out to be generally high, while performance was substantially lacking. Fifth, in terms of the causes for the lackluster counselling performance, overwhelming teaching hours and excessive work were indicated for counselling areas of academic and personality issues. Sixth, the analysis of students' expectations for elementary school homeroom teachers as counsellors for counselling areas according to gender and grade revealed that there was no overall statistical significance. Seventh, from the general perspective, the level of role perception of the homeroom teachers were higher than the level of students' expectations. In conclusion, in order to enhance the teacher's role as a counsellor, there has to be a concrete perception of roles as a primary premise, calling for training sessions and programs dedicated to counseling for the teachers to take part in. Moreover, in order to alleviate the most significant causes for undermining teachers' counselling activities - overwhelming teaching hours and excessive work - there must be administrative consideration as well as provisions for effective counselling centers and dedicated school counsellors.