• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

현재 일본과 미국을 중심으로 많은 로봇 선진국들이 다양한 형태의 로봇을 개발하고 있으며, 국내에서도 지능형 서비스 로봇산업인 엔터테인먼트 로봇, 홈로봇 등의 로봇 제품을 출시하고 있다. 이러한 로봇개발과 국민들의 로봇에 대한 기대가 커지면서 그에 따른 로봇의 교육적 활용에 대한 연구도 큰 관심을 끌고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 범국민화 되고 있는 URC 로봇 중 하나인 아이로비 큐를 가지고 학급경영에 필요한 주의집중, 칭찬, 격려 교사보조로봇컨텐츠를 개발하여 초등 현장 학생들을 대상으로 실험하였다. 그 결과 수업 중 퀴즈부분과 도입부분의 집중과 분위기 전환을 위해서 로봇 활용은 유용하였으며, 교사보조로봇컨텐츠는 수업에 주의집중, 재밋거리, 흥미, 동기유발, 교사 역할의 편리함을 제공하였다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.97-106
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• 2007

This study examines whether the reinforcement theory could be effectively applied to teaching assistant robots between a robot and a student in the same way as it is applied to teaching methods between a teacher and a student. Participants interacted with a teaching assistant robot in a 3 (types of robots: positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement vs. both reinforcements) by 2 (types of participants: honor students vs. backward students), within-subject experiment. Three different types of robots, such as 'Ching-chan-ee' which gives 'positive reinforcement', 'Um-bul-ee' which gives 'negative reinforcement', and 'Sang-bul-ee' which gives both 'positive and negative reinforcement' were designed based on the reinforcement theory and the token reinforcement system. Subjective impressions and preferences were measured according to the types of robots and the types of participants. Participants preferred the positive reinforcement robot most, and the negative reinforcement robot least. Regarding the number of stimulus, in case of the negative reinforcement robot for honor students, the less the stimulus is, the more positive the impressions toward the robot are. The findings demonstrate that the reinforcement interaction is important and effective factor which determines children's preferences and impressions for teaching assistant robots. The results of this study can be implicated as an effective guideline to interaction design of teaching assistant robots.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1501-1507
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• 2017

Telepresence in robot assisted learning has preferred low-height, shorter than life-size robotic platforms for reasons such as operational stability, user convenience and psychological comfort in human robot interaction. If, however, the reason for using a telepresence robot is to display the authority of a social superior to a social inferior, one can hypothesize that a robotic platform which reflects real-life height advantage would be better suited for the stated purpose than conventional low-height platforms. In order to test the hypothesis, we examined whether the height of the robot had an effect on an instructor connected to a telepresence robot in robot-assisted learning with regard to controlling a large number of elementary school students. The pre-and post experiment demonstrates that the use of a life-size telepresence robot, compared to a child-size telepresence robot, failed to make a meaningful difference in the instructors' authority being accepted by the students. However, behavioral measures shows that a taller robot has more merits in controlling students.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2006

최근 놀라운 성장을 거듭하고 있는 지능형 로봇(Intelligent Robot) 기술은 기존의 주요 활용 분야였던 산업현장이나 연구실과 같은 전문가적 영역을 넘어서 지능형 엔터테인먼트(Entertainment)로봇이나 청소기 로봇의 예에서 볼 수 있듯이 인간의 주요 일상 생활 공간인 가정이나 공공기관의 서비스 분야로 점차 그 활용 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 학습 보조 교사 도우미 로봇의 개발은 초등학교 교육 현장이 당면하고있는 각종 현안들을 로봇의 활용을 통해서 해결하고자하는 실용적인 목적에서 출발 했다. 이러한 관점에서 볼때 로봇 디자이너의 역할은 전체 개발 프로세스의 말단부에서 로봇 시스템의 외장(Appearance)을 마무리하는 역할을 넘어서 구체적 로봇시스템의 개발에 선행하여 학습보조 교사 도우미 로봇의 잠재적 활용 주체인 학생, 교사, 학부모의 입장에서 각 주체들의 내재적, 외재적 욕구를 효과적으로 만족 시킬 수있는 활용 시나리오(Application Scenario)를 도출, 개발 프로세스 전반에 걸쳐 각 개발 주체들에게 일관된 비젼(vision)과 이미지(image)를 제시하는것이라고 생각되었다. 본연구에서는 학습보조 교사 도우미 로봇 디자인 과제에 있어서 사용자 관찰(User Observation), 유저 다이어리(User Diary), 포커스그룹 인터뷰(F.G.I)등을 바탕으로 로봇의 역할 모델중심, 서비스 영역 중심, 초등학교 교육이념 구현 중심 등 3가지의 서로 다른 컨셉의 로봇 활용 시나리오(Application Scenario)를 제안하였다. 본 연구 결과는 현재 초기 단계에 있는 로봇 디자인 분야의 현실을 감안할때 전체 로봇 개발 프로세스내에서의 향후 산업 디자인이 수행해야 할 역할을 명확하게 보여준다는 점에서 그 의의가 있으며 관련 분야의 연구 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.482-491
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to design and develop teacher assistant contents 'My Class' for an intelligent robot iRobiQ, using in early childhood educational setting. After observing daily activities and correspondence role of teachers in educational settings, we selected the robots' target contents as 6 main functions (Attendance, Activity, Gallery, Learning, Role Calling, and Timer). We designed the contents according to the PLU (Player-Learner-User) model which suggests importance of entertainment, education, and enabling features to meet player, learner, and user requirements. We also considered 'emotional' features to satisfy 'companion' requirements. The developed contents in this study was deployed in kindergarten classrooms consisting of five-years-old for 4 weeks to see how they response and use the contents. We found that both teachers and children were likely to show positive responses to the contents. Especially, young children responded to the entertainment and emotional features more actively than to the other features. And they continually explored for something new inside the contents. Finally, this paper discusses what should be considered to develop more useful teacher assistant contents for iRobiQ.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.89-110
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is analyzing the preference of young children for the outward appearance of a teacher-aided humanoid robot. The subjects of this study were 180 kindergarten children who were 4 years old. Ninety five children among the subjects were male, and 85 children were female. The instrument used for this study consisted of 15 questions that involved 3 domains; figure, face, and practical use of robot. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, young children preferred a smooth and intimate robot, and one that had a similar size to them. Second, young children preferred a more characteristic face with big eyes. Third, young children preferred a robot which had a contoured body Fourth, young children preferred a robot which had two legs or tank wheels. Fifth, young children preferred a robot that could play with them and be manipulated by them.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

최근 들어 유치원과 초등학교에 로봇을 이용한 교육적 활용 연구가 시도되고 있다. 유비퀴터스 로봇 활용이 교사와 아동의 흥미 유발에 있어 매우 효과가 높은 것으로 나타나, 향후 유비쿼터스 로봇이 u-Learning 의 또 다른 매체로서의 가능성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등학교 수업에서 교사 보조 역할을 통한 유비퀴터스 로봇의 활용 가능성을 보기 위해, 초등 학생 6 학년의 기대 역할을 갖는 프로토 타입의 로봇과 컨텐츠를 개발하여 활용하는 실험을 실시하였다. 프로토 타입 로봇은 국어, 영어, 음악 교과를 대상으로 주기적으로 컨텐츠를 다운로드 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 아동의 얼굴과 이름을 저장하여 수업 운영 컨텐츠와 연동할 수 있다. 현장 실험을 통하여 아동이 유비쿼터스 로봇을 경험한 수업 시간의 횟수에 따라 로봇 외형과 수업 보조 서비스에 대한 선호도 차이를 알아봄으로써, 초등학교에서 유비퀴터스 로봇을 이용한 r-Learning에 있어서 일시적 신기효과가 아닌 지속적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인을 찾아보았다. 실험 결과, 지속적인 HRI 유지에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 외형적 요인으로 로봇 얼굴과 로봇과 아동간 관계성을 지향하는 컨텐츠 개발이 필요함을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's perceptions of a teacher assistant robot, IrobiQ. in a kindergarten classroom. The subjects of this study were 23 6-year-olds attending to G kindergarten located in E city, Korea, where the teacher assistant robot had been in operation since Oct. 2008. Each child responded to questions assessing the child's perceptions of IrobiQ's identity regarding four domains : it's biological, intellectual, emotional and social identity. Some questions asked the child to affirm or deny some characteristics pertaining to the robot and the other questions asked the reasons for the answer given. The results indicated that while majority of children considered an IrobiQ not as a biological entity, but as a machine, they thought it could have an emotion and be their playmate. The implications of these results are two folds : firstly, they force us to reconsider the traditional ontological categories regarding intelligent service robots to understand human-robot interaction and secondly, they open up an ecological perspective on the design of teacher assistant robots for use with young children in early childhood education settings.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.345-352
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• 2017

In this paper, we design and implement an educational robot system that can use scratch education with the function of user demanding to perform robot education in actual school site in an embedded environment. It is developed to enable physical education for sensing information processing, software design and programming practice training that is the basis of robotic system. The development environment of the system is Arduino Uno based product using Atmega 328 core, debugging environment based on Arduino Sketch, firmware development language using C language, OS using Windows, Linux, Mac OS X. The system operation process receives the control command of the server using the Bluetooth communication, and drives various sensors of the educational robot. The curriculum includes Scratch program and Bluetooth communication, which enables real-time scratch training. It also provides smartphone apps and is designed to enable education like C and Python through expansion. Teachers at the school site used the developed products and presented performance processing results satisfying the missionary needs of the missionaries.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.267-282
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the usability of a robot in kindergartens and the children's perceptions of that robot. In order to answer these questions, a field study, picture drawing and interviews were conducted over twelve days in a kindergarten located in Seoul. Our results indicated that children were likely to use the robot in a group and girls tended to use it more than boys. Children's affection towards the robot was positive and they perceived the robot mostly in terms of a friend. Finally, the picture drawing activity differed according to the usability level. Children who were in the high usability level grouping engaged more with educational content and storytelling while the low usability level grouping utilized the robot for singing in a large group.