• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2024

This study proposes a novel automation system that integrates Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technologies to enhance the efficiency of the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) document review process. The proposed system improves text recognition accuracy by applying an ensemble model-based image preprocessing algorithm and hybrid information extraction models in the OCR process. Additionally, the RAG pipeline optimizes information retrieval and answer generation reliability through the implementation of layout analysis algorithms, re-ranking algorithms, and ensemble retrievers. The system's performance was evaluated using certificate images from online portals and corporate internal regulations obtained from various sources, such as the company's websites. The results demonstrated an accuracy of 93.8% for certification reviews and 92.2% for company regulations reviews, indicating that the proposed system effectively supports human evaluators in the ESG assessment process.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.455-464
• /
• 2014

After launching the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) on June 2010, field campaigns were performed routinely around Korean peninsula to collect in-situ data for calibration and validation. Key measurements in the campaigns are radiometric ones with field radiometers such as Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpec3 or TriOS RAMSES. The field radiometers must be regularly calibrated. We, in the paper, introduce the optical laboratory built in KOSC and the relative calibration method for in-situ measurement spectroradiometer. The laboratory is equipped with a 20-inch integrating sphere (USS-2000S, LabSphere) in 98% uniformity, a reference spectrometer (MCPD9800, Photal) covering wavelengths from 360 nm to 1100 nm with 1.6 nm spectral resolution, and an optical table ($3600{\times}1500{\times}800mm^3$) having a flatness of ${\pm}0.1mm$. Under constant temperature and humidity maintainance in the room, the reference spectrometer and the in-situ measurement instrument are checked with the same light source in the same distance. From the test of FieldSpec3, we figured out a slight difference among in-situ instruments in blue band range, and also confirmed the sensor spectral performance was changed about 4.41% during 1 year. These results show that the regular calibrations are needed to maintain the field measurement accuracy and thus GOCI data reliability.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.39 no.5_3
• /
• pp.933-948
• /
• 2023

Atmospheric aerosols not only have adverse effects on human health but also exert direct and indirect impacts on the climate system. Consequently, it is imperative to comprehend the characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of aerosols. Numerous research endeavors have been undertaken to monitor aerosols, predominantly through the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) via satellite-based observations. Nonetheless, this approach primarily relies on a look-up table-based inversion algorithm, characterized by computationally intensive operations and associated uncertainties. In this study, a novel high-resolution AOD direct retrieval algorithm, leveraging machine learning, was developed using top-of-atmosphere reflectance data derived from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II), in conjunction with their differences from the past 30-day minimum reflectance, and meteorological variables from numerical models. The Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) technique was harnessed, and the resultant estimates underwent rigorous validation encompassing random, temporal, and spatial N-fold cross-validation (CV) using ground-based observation data from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD. The three CV results consistently demonstrated robust performance, yielding R²=0.70-0.80, RMSE=0.08-0.09, and within the expected error (EE) of 75.2-85.1%. The Shapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP) analysis confirmed the substantial influence of reflectance-related variables on AOD estimation. A comprehensive examination of the spatiotemporal distribution of AOD in Seoul and Ulsan revealed that the developed LGBM model yielded results that are in close concordance with AERONET AOD over time, thereby confirming its suitability for AOD retrieval at high spatiotemporal resolution (i.e., hourly, 250 m). Furthermore, upon comparing data coverage, it was ascertained that the LGBM model enhanced data retrieval frequency by approximately 8.8% in comparison to the GOCI-II L2 AOD products, ameliorating issues associated with excessive masking over very illuminated surfaces that are often encountered in physics-based AOD retrieval processes.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2016

The organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been studied as large flexible displays, light source and hard wares of internet of things. However, OLEDs show some drawbacks in terms of external environments due to the low work function of the metals and the reactive organic materials. In particular, the operation functions of the OLEDs tend to deteriorate rapidly by exposing the oxygen and moisture. So as to prevent it, domestic and overseas studies underway in various method such as ALD, PVD, CVD. But it has complex process and high cost. Therefore In order to protect devices from the external environments, it is important to develop the passivation thin films of low-cost and simple process which can prevent the devices from the penetration of the oxygen and moistures. In this study, to improve the reliability, passivation thin films were coated onto the green OLEDs by spin coating method and investigated the changes of the optical properties of the prepared devices at various doping concentrations of sodium alginate (SA). The passivation solutions were synthesized by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) host material with a dopant of SA which were added with the amounts of 10, 20 and 40 wt% into the PVA. As a result, the best barrier properties of the OLEDs were obtained for the samples with 40 wt% SA. Finally, the passivation films can be optimized by using the mixture solution of PVA and SA materials.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2002

Efficiency estimation of toxicity free resistance cable experiments were conducts to understand toxicity free fire ersistance polyolefin insulation material and smoke density characteristic and combustion gas corrosion analysis. A main cause of fire-growth and generating toxic gas when it burns, should be dealt with great care in life safety design. Similar patterned fire incidents such as, Inchon Live-Hof Pub Restaurant as, Sea-land Children Resort have proven that serious loss of lives were caused by hazardous gas generated fire resistance cable materials. In this paper, Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds genalated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of 2.5$\pm40.04〔w/$\textrm{cm}^2$〕for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 25.2 to 37.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. Also, the fire gases was occurred carbon monoxide and decomposition than in polyolefin due to incomplete combustion of PVC which has high content of carbon in chemical compound.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 2009

A location tracking sensor such as GPS, INS, Radar, and optical equipments is used in tracking Maneuvering Targets with a multi-sensor, and such systems are used to track, detect, and control UAV, guided missile, and spaceship. Until now, Most of the studies related to tracking Maneuvering Targets are on fusing multiple Radars, or adding a supplementary sensor to INS and GPS. However, A study is required to change the degree of application in fusions since the system property and error property are different from sensors. In this paper, we perform the error analysis of the sensor properties by adding a ground radar to GPS and INS for improving the tracking performance by multi-sensor fusion, and suggest the tracking algorithm that improves the precision and stability by changing the sensor probability of each sensor according to the error. For evaluation, we extract the altitude values in a simulation for the trajectory of UAV and apply the suggested algorithm to carry out the performance analysis. In this study, we change the weight of the evaluated values according to the degree of error between the navigation information of each sensor to improve the precision of navigation information, and made it possible to have a strong tracking which is not affected by external purposed environmental change and disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.36 no.2_1
• /
• pp.199-215
• /
• 2020

A seagrass that is marine vascular plants plays an important role in the marine ecosystem, so periodic monitoring ofseagrass habitatsis being performed. Recently, the use of dronesthat can easily acquire very high-resolution imagery is increasing to efficiently monitor seagrass habitats. And deep learning based on a convolutional neural network has shown excellent performance in semantic segmentation. So, studies applied to deep learning models have been actively conducted in remote sensing. However, the segmentation accuracy was different due to the hyperparameter, various deep learning models and imagery. And the normalization of the image and the tile and batch size are also not standardized. So,seagrass habitats were segmented from drone-borne imagery using a deep learning that shows excellent performance in this study. And it compared and analyzed the results focused on normalization and tile size. For comparison of the results according to the normalization, tile and batch size, a grayscale image and grayscale imagery converted to Z-score and Min-Max normalization methods were used. And the tile size isincreased at a specific interval while the batch size is allowed the memory size to be used as much as possible. As a result, IoU was 0.26 ~ 0.4 higher than that of Z-score normalized imagery than other imagery. Also, it wasfound that the difference to 0.09 depending on the tile and batch size. The results were different according to the normalization, tile and batch. Therefore, this experiment found that these factors should have a suitable decision process.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) having different molecular weight at various mixing conditions to enhance melt-processibility of CA, which might prevent the harmful effect resulted from the introduction of phthalic plasticizer. Methods: To establish optimal plasticizing conditions, CA/PEG blends were examined under various plasticizing conditions: PEG concentration, molecular weight of PEG, and plasticzing temperature. Mechanical properties of the CA/PEG blends, as well as migration and exudation of the PEG, were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of plasticization. Results: Compared to industrial CA resin plasticized by diethyl phthalate, CA/PEG blends exhibited similar thermal plasticization. It was established that the optimum condition was to blend 30~40 phr PEG with molecular weight 400 at $175{\sim}180^{\circ}C$. CA/PEG blend showed superior glassness, PEG stability, and mechanical properties. Conclusions: CA/PEG blends would be a eco-friendly glasses frame to substitute traditional CA glasses frame prepared phthalate plasticizers.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2001

Far-ultraviolet IMaging Spectrograph (FIMS) is the main payload of the first Korean scientific satellite, KAISTSAT-4, which will be launched in 2002. Among the optical parts, parabolic cylinder mirror does not have any heritage from previous astronomical missions, so the manufacturing and testing process itself is a challenging issue. We describe the method of manufacturing and measuring of the off-axis parabolic cylinder mirror and our initial experiments to establish the entire manufacturing process. Using the method, the profile error can meet the specification of $lambda$ per cm which is closely related with the astronomical performances. In case of the surface roughness, temperature controlled pitch polishing reduces $R_{q}$ under 1 nm implying that scattering in the entire spectral range of FIMS is less than 2% of the incident UV light.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.258-263
• /
• 1995

미래 정보와 시대에서 중추적인 역할을 할 광관련 멀티미디어 장비들은 최근 관련 산업계에서 주목을 받기 시작하고 있고 특히 기존 VTR(Video Tape Recorder) 시장을 대체할 차세대 DVDR(Digital Video Disk Recorder)는 기술전쟁이라고 할 정도로 선진 기업의 연구가 치열해지고 있다. DVDR 시스템에서는 필요한 정보들을 레이저빔을 이용한 광학신호로 바꾸어 광디스크에 기록, 재생하는 광픽업이 절대적으로 필요하게 된다. 그런데 광픽업의 위치추종기구인 Actuator는 정확한 위치추종(.+-.1.$\mu$m 오차이내)을 할 수 있는 성능이 요구되며 서보의 특성상 20KHz 이하에서 불필요한 모우드가 가진되지 않는 정밀부품이어야 하므로 Actuator 각 부품의 동적인 특성을 명확히 규명할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우선 Actuator 각 부품과 가동부 전체의 중량 및 진동해석을 통해 동특성을 조사하였다. 그리고 Actuator의 중요한 기본성능중 하나인 구동감도 확보여부를 검토할 필요가 있기 때문에 유한요소법 프로그램인 ANSYS를 이용하여 자기회로 부분에 대한 해석을 구하였다. 또한 가동부와 자기회로 등 하위부품을 조립하는 과정에서 발생하는 조립오차로 인해 불필요한 공진과 회전형상이 야기될 수 있으므로 동특성 및 문제점 파악을 위한 민감도 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가동부의 관성 모멘트 값과 강체에 대한 일반식을 이용한 자체 프로그램을 작성하여 조립공차를 구하였다. 이와같은 과정을 통해 구해진 설계값을 바탕으로 실제 제작된 Actuator에 대해서는 비접촉식 측정방법을 통해 동특성값을 측정하였고 이를 해석값과 상호 비교하였다.동강성행렬법(dynamic stiffness matrix method)을 이용하여 해석하고자 한다. 수준임이 입증되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로우리나라 젊고 건강한 남성에게 적합한 무게상수는 작업자군에 대하여 25.05kg, 학생군에 대하여 20.24kg 으로 나타나 이는 미국 NIOSH 안전기준과 대체로 일치함을 발견하였다.ive structures utilized in Client/server architecture for distribution and cooperative processing of application between server and client this study presents two different data management methods under the Client/server environment; one is "Remote Data Management Method" which uses file server or database server and. the other is "Distributed Data Management Method" using distributed database management system. The result of this study leads to the conclusion that in the client/server environment although distributed application is assumed, the data could become centralized (in the case of file server or database server) or decentralized (in the case of distributed