• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2018

In urban areas, runoff flow is drained through sewer networks as well as surface areas. Therefore, it is very important to consider sewer networks as a component of hydrological drainage processes when conducting urban inundation modelling. However, most researchers who have implemented urban inundation/flood modelling, instinctively simplified the sewer networks without the appropriate criteria. In this research, a 1D-2D fully coupled urban inundation model is applied to estimate the influence of sewer network simplification on urban inundation modelling based on the dendritic network classification. The one-dimensional (1D) sewerage system analysis model, which was introduced by Lee et al. (2017), is used to simulate inlet and overflow phenomena by interacting with surface flow. Two-dimensional (2D) unstructured meshes are also applied to simulate surface flow and are combined with the 1D sewerage analysis model. Sewer network pipes are simplified based on the dendritic network classification method, namely the second and third order, and all cases of pipes are conducted as a control group. Each classified network case, including a control group, is evaluated through their application to the 27 July 2011 extreme rainfall event, which caused severe inundation damages in the Sadang area in Seoul, South Korea. All cases are compared together regarding inundation area, inflow discharge and overflow discharge. Finally, relevant criterion for the simplification method is recommended.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.190-197
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the function of estrogen in related with the effects of the antiestrogen on morphologic changes of efferent ductules of the adult male mouse. Estrogen is synthesized in the male reproductive system and is found in high concentrations in rete and seminal fluids. Adult male mice, 30 days old, were injected subcutaneously with ICI(5mg/mouse) once per week for 8 weeks. Tissues were fixed by vascular perfusion on days 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25 and 59 post-treatment. The lumen of efferent ductules began to dilate from the day 8 and continued to the day 59 post-treatment. Epithelial cell height in the efferent ductules of the treated mice decreased all the time periods, compared to the control. Cell height in proximal region of the efferent ductules in the treated groups decreased most by 38%. Supranuclear cytoplasmic height in epithelial cell of the ducts also showed the decrease of 46%, 39% and 33% in proximal, conus and common regions in the treated groups, respectively. ICI 182,780 treatment in the male mouse reproduced a similar morphological abnormalities that were observed in the efferent ductules of the ${\alpha}ERKO$ mouse.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.437-450
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• 1999

Bile canaliculi are the structure delivering bile secreted by hepatocytes into the bile passage. Bile secretion is mainly controlled by the cytoskeletal elements, mainly of actin in the microvilli, pericanalicular web. Most studies on the bile secretion have been done in viva situation, however, to control the various parameters in vitro culture system seem to be more useful. To set up an in vitro experimental system, the investigator isolated hepatocytes with an enzymatic method using a mixture of collagenase and hyaluronidase from normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver and cultured. Isolated hepatocytes were round and formed cords in culture. Microvilli covered the whole surface of hepatocytes. Bile canaliculi were formed between hepatocytes and were characterized by the presence of microvilli of various lengths and shapes mainly arising from small surface mounds. Actin filament core in the microvilli and pericanalicular actin web were incomplete. After cytochalasin D treatment, cultured hepatocytes were round but the surface were irregular with surfacen blebs, folds and grooves. Microvilli on the surface were scarce. Bile canaliculi were markedly dilated often with the detached junctional complexes. Bile canaliculi lacks microvilli almost completely and extended into the pericanalirular cytoplasm showing complex vacuolar and tubular structures by transmission electron mciroscopy. Pericanalicular actin web, intermediate filaments were hardly identified. Subsurface actin filaments were scattered scarcely under the cell membranes. These results suggest that hepatocytes isolated from rats can survive and form bile canaliculi in culture and the actin filaments are involved in the formation and/or maintenance of the bile canaliculi.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.532-537
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• 2014

Cortex Phellodendri (CP) is derived from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense. It has been widely used as a drug in traditional Korea medicine for treating diarrhea, jaundice, swelling pains in the knees and feet, urinary tract infections, and infections of the body surface. Many analytical methods have been used to study oriental herbal medicines, such as thin-layer chromatography, column liquid chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully carried out in order to separate pure compounds from a CP methanol extract. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5 v/v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 3 mL/min in ascending mode with rotation at 1,000 rpm. The CPC-separated fraction and purification procedures were carried out by preparatory HPLC. The $^1H$ NMR spectrum revealed that the resonances at ${\delta}$ 4.10 and 4.20 ppm corresponded to three protons ($-OCH_3$), whereas those at ${\delta}$ 6.10 ppm corresponded to two protons ($-OCH_2O-$). Further, two aromatic protons (H-11 and H-12) conveys a doublet-doublet pattern. The H-11 doublet and H-12 doublet appear at ${\delta}$ 7.98 and 8.11, respectively. The $^{13}C$ NMR. spectrum showed a tetrasubstituted with a methylenedioxy group at C2 and C3, and two methoxy groups at C9 and C10. The chemical structure of the berberine was identified by $^1H$, $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy spectral data analysis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.579-590
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• 2006

1. 연구배경 교원질 분해작용을 하는 호중구의 세포질 효소인 기질금속단백분해효소-8은 치주질환, 류마티스 관절염, 그리고 궤양결장염과 같은 염증성 질환에서 농도가 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 최근에는 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 leukotoxin이 사람호중구에서 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비를 유도하는 것이 보고되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 선천면역 체계에서 세포표면 항원무리14, Toll-like 수용기, 그리고 $NF-{\kappa}$ B경로를 통하여 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도된 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비 여부와 세포기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 2. 연구재료 및 방법 건강한 개인 제공자(남자 13명, 여자 3명)로부터 얻은 개개인의 20ml 말초혈액을 제조사의 지침에 따라 호중구를 추출한 후 항세포표면 항원무리14와 함께 $4^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 전배양 한 후, $37^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 동안 배양시켰다. 추출한 호중구에 Toll-like 수용기 억제제 또는 $NF-{\kappa}$ B억제제인 TPCK를 첨가한 후 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 전배양하고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 동안 배양시켰다. 호중구에 세포뼈대 억제제인 cholchicine, nocodazole, demecolcine, 그리고 cytochalasin B를 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질과 함께 $37^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 동안 배양시켰다. 기질금속단백분해효소-8 분비량은 효소면역측정법을 통해 결정하였다. 통계처리는 일원배치 분산분석법을 이용하였다(p<0.05). 3. 결과 A. actinomycetemcomitans 지질다당질은 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비를 증가시켰다. 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비는 항세포표면 항원무리14에 의해서 억제되었지만, 항 Toll-like 수용기2, 항 Toll-like 수용기4 항체는 억제시키지 못했다. $NF-{\kappa}$ B 억제제는 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도된 $NF-{\kappa}$ B 결합 활성도와 기질금속단백분해효소-8 분비를 억제하였다. 미세섬유 중합반응 억제제는 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도된 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비를 억제시켰으나, 미세관 중합반응억제제는 억제시키지 못했다. 4. 결론 위의 연구결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 기질금속단백분해효소-8은 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도되며, 세포표면 항원무리-$NF-{\kappa}$ B 경로를 통하여 분비되고, 이 분비 과정은 미세섬유 계통이 관여하는 것으로 보인다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

In this paper, a gas sensor using a modified $90^{\circ}$ hybrid coupler structure with conducting polymer which operates at 2.4 GHz is represented. Conducting polymers are used to the gas sensing material in proposed sensors. The conducting polymer varies its electrical property, such as work function and conductivity corresponding to the certain gas. To verify this variation of electrical property of conducting polymer at microwave frequencies, the conducting polymer is incorporated with the $90^{\circ}$ hybrid coupler structure, and this proposed sensor operates as reflection type variable attenuator and variable phase shifter. The conducting polymer is employed as impedence-variable transmission lines that cause a impedance mismatching between the general transmission line and conducting polymer. The experiment was conducted with 100 ppm ethanol gas at temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 85 %. As a result, the amplitude deviation of $S_{21}$ is 0.13 dB and the frequency satisfying ${\angle}S_{21}=360^{\circ}$ is shifted about 2.875 MHz.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.723-732
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• 2017

As the development of ICT technology, in order to solve the problem of scattered water information's availability, WINS(Water management Information Networking System) by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport was established and has been operated since 2004. However, there has been a disadvantage of providing specialized and limited information to the water resources sector mainly and a lack of active sharing of information because of no compulsory provision of information sharing between participants. In order to solve these problems, this paper carried out system development study, to do this, the status of domestic water information was surveyed and domestic and overseas related systems were compared and analyzed. The latest ICT technology was used to realize the contents as screen, and the user interface definition was created to present a role model of integrated water management through maximizing visualization by combining GIS and realtime data and providing space-time integrated information. These prior studies reached to actual construction of the ICT-based integrated management system for water information by K-water. This system is in service to the public installed in the water information portal, "MyWater".

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1286-1293
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• 1998

${SO_4}^{2-}$ ions present in industrial waste water if combined with other metal ions in the water can cause serious scale problem in a transporting pipe. In this study therefore ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ions in an acidic solution have been removed by using surface active glasses. Glasses with various compositions of $SiO_2-Na_2O-B_2O_3-RO$ (R=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) system were reacted in a ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ion-containing solution with various pHs ranging from 1 to 4 for various time the reacted glass surfaces were analyzed by XRD and SEM and all ions in the reacted solution were also measured ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ions in the solution were combined with divalent ions leached out of glass and precipitated on the glass surface as sulfate crystals. In this was the surface ion could be removed from the acidic solution. The sulfate ion removal capacity is closely related to the solubility product con-stants of the newly formed sulfate crystals. Almost no sulfate crystal was formed on the MgO-containing glass while sulfate crystals were easily formed on the glass containing either SrO or BaO This indicates that those glasses have strong removal efficiency of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ions from the solution.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.622-625
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• 2010

Inflammatory polyps in feline ear are nonneoplastic, inflammatory growths that arise from the middle ear or the eustachian tube and extended into the pharynx or external ear canal. Two 2-year-old female Russian blue cats showed 2-3 weeks history of aural discharge, crust formation in external ear, and head or ear shaking. Two masses were surgically excised from ear canal, and submitted for diagnosis. Histopathologically, these masses were covered with hyperplastic ciliated epithelium or nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium with partial erosion and ulceration. The core of masses was consisted of proliferated connective tissue and massive infiltration of mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemically, about 90% of infiltrated mononuclear cells demonstrated CD3 positive T cell. According to both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR, tissues samples were negative for feline viral pathogens. Based on the clinical, gross, histopathologic findings, these two cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps originated from the middle ear in cats.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to observe the tensile and bonding strength of the joined amalgam restoration. Amalgam alloys of fine-cut (F-type), spherical (S-type), and dispersed type (D-type) were selected in this study, and all specimens were divided into three groups according to the condensation methods as follows. Group I : the control group which condense the same kinds of mixed amalgam into the whole part of the mold respectively. Group II : the group which condense a mix of amalgam into one half of the mold, and then condense a new mix of amalgam into the rest half of the mold 15 minutes later. Group III : the group which condense a mixed amalgam into one half of the mold, and then condense a new mix of amalgam into the rest half of the mold 7 days later. All specimens were stored in incubator at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for seven days with immersing in saline solution before testing. The tensile and bonding strength of them were measured with Instron Universal Testing machine. The results were as follows: 1. In Group I, the order of tensile strength was F-type, S-type, and D-type. 2. In case of bonding of S-type + S-type, the difference of the bonding strength between Group II and III was not significant. (P> 0.05) 3. The bonding strength of F-type + S-type of Group II was marked the highest in value, and the lowest bonding strength was showed in bonded D-type + D-type of Group III. 4. In case of bonding with the different kinds of amalgam alloy in Group II, the specimen bonded to F-type was marked the highest bonding strength, and the specimen bonded with F-type was marked the lowest one. In Group II, the bonding strength of the specimens bonded with the same kinds of amalgam alloy was presented as the same order as that of Group I. 5. In Group III, the specimen connected with D-type marked the lowest bonding strength of all specimens. In Group III, the bonding strength of the specimens connected with the same kinds of amalgam alloy was the order of S-type + S-type, F-type + F-type, and D-type + D-type.