• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.507-533
• /
• 2009

This paper examines the time course and processing patterns of filler-gap dependencies in Korean relative clauses, using an eyetracking method. Participants listened to a short story while viewing four pictures of entities mentioned in the story. Each story is followed by an auditorily presented question involving a relative clause (subject relative or dative relative). Participants' eye movements in response to the question were recorded. Results showed that the proportion of looks to the picture corresponding to a filler noun significantly increased at the relative verb affixed with a relativizer, and was largest at the filler where the fixation duration on the filler picture significantly increased. These results suggest that online resolution of the filler-gap dependency only starts at the relative verb marked with a relativiser and is finally completed at the filler position. Accordingly, they partly support the filler-driven parsing strategy for Korean, as for head-initial languages. In addition, the different patterns of eye movements between subject relatives and dative relatives indicate the role of case markers in parsing Korean sentences.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2001

To characterize the difference in glycoconjugates of mouse epididymis, lectin labeling of the tissue section was conducted using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I(UEA I), succinylated wheat germ agglutinin(sWGA), and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-I(GSL-I). UEA I which binds to outer $\alpha$-L-fucose residue that is a terminal sugar of the side chain branched from oligosaccharide chain gave the labeling in the proximal caput epithelia exclusively. Lumen was commonly labeled in all of the organ. It suggested that the glycoconjugates bearing outer $\alpha$ -L-fucose residue were largely expressed in the initial segments ot epididymis and subjected to secretion. GSL-I which binds to terminal $\alpha$ -D-galactosyl residue of glycoconjugates gave the labeling in the cytoplasm of clear cells and basal cells, and cilia in corpus and cauda regions but not in the caput region. There was no vast difference in labeling pattern by sWGA which binds to N-acetyl-glucosamine residue among the epididymal regions. Clear cells in corpus and cauda epithelia showed more intense labeling by sWGA compared to principal cells, suggesting the functional specialization of this type of cells. The labeling intensities of luminal content by UEA I and sWGA decreased in cauda region compared to corpus region suggesting the presence of enzymatic activities responsible for processing the $\alpha$-L-fucose and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues from secreted glycoconjugates. In summary, the difference in glycoconjugates bearing the $\alpha$-L-fucose, $\alpha$-D-galactose, and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues according to the type of epithelial cells and epididymal segments suggests functional specialization and different roles of each segment in the processing of sperm surface antigens during the epididymal transit.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.5-38
• /
• 2006

Although in Korea there are only three examples of wooden coffins being found in burial mounds - from the Daho-ri, Songhyun-dong, and Munyung tombs, in Japan data on the shape and structure of wooden coffins from the Gofun era is relatively abundant. The wooden coffins of the Gofun era of Japan can be classified into either the dugout log style or the combined boards style according to their method of manufacture. They can also be divided by shape, into such categories as the boat shape, the split bamboo shape, the box shape, and so on. The box shape category can be further divided into the assembled type and the nailed type, according to how the boards are put together. Japanese Umbrella Pine (Sciadopitys verticillata) was favored as coffin-wood in all ages, but during the later Gofun era easily obtained woods such as the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) or the Hinoki Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) were also used. The coffins found at Daho-ri and Songhyun-dong are similar to the Japanese dugout log style in shape and manufacture, while the king's and queen's coffins excavated at Munyung Tomb are seen to have had direct influence on the appearance of nailed coffins Japan. The coffin in Songhyun-dong 7th mound was originally a dugout log boat. It was probably used for practical reasons such as the bugproof, anti-corrosion qualities of camphor wood, not because of ideological reasons such as in a boat burial (in which the boat takes the deceased to the after world). Because the Changnyong region is inland, where camphor trees do not grow, using an already existing boat may have been the only way to procure a camphor-wood coffin. From historical circumstances, it may be inferred that the camphor trees were imported into Korea from Japan, between which there was much cultural exchange.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.344-353
• /
• 2018

The purposes of this study were to evaluate microleakage of Biodentine, one of the tricalcium silicate based pulp-capping materials, and to compare the shear bond strength between composite resin and Biodentine with different setting times. For microleakage evaluation, 70 bovine teeth were used. Cavities were formed on the labial surfaces and filled with Biodentine. The teeth were divided into seven groups, each consisting of 10 teeth. The specimens were prepared by applying the composite resin on the upper side after different setting times. To evaluate shear bond strength, 210 acrylic resin blocks with central grooves were prepared, and the grooves were filled with Biodentine. The acrylic resin blocks were divided into seven groups of 30 specimens each, and the specimens were prepared by applying the composite resin on the upper side after different setting times. In samples with setting time of 24 hours or longer period, the microleakage between composite resin and Biodentine was reduced significantly while the shear bond strength increased to offset the polymerization shrinkage of the composite resin. Setting Biodentine for more than 24 hours before composite resin restoration would lead to more favorable clinical result.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.134-142
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with hypersensitivity mode on microtensile bond strength of composite resin. Twenty extracted permanent molars were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the irradiation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, adhesive system (Optibond FL or Clearfil SE bond) and application time of etchant (15 sec or 20 sec). Then composite resin was build up on each conditioned surface. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 h and twelve specimens for each group were prepared. All specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength and the fracture modes were evaluated. Also, the prepared dentin surface and laser irradiated dentin surface were examined under SEM. The results were as follows: 1. The microtensile bond strength of laser irradiated group was lower than that of no laser irradiated group. 2. Regardless of laser irradiation, the microtensile bond strength of Optibond FL was higher than that of Clearfil SE bond. And the microtensile bond strength of 20 sec etching group was higher than that of 15 sec etching group when using Optibond FL. 3. The SEM image of laser irradiated dentin surface showed prominent peritubular dentin, opened dentinal tubules and no smear layer.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2020

Identification of the mandibular canal path in Computed Tomography (CT) scans is important in dental implantology. Typically, prior to the implant planning, dentists find a sagittal plane where the mandibular canal path is maximally observed, to manually identify the mandibular canal. However, this is time-consuming and requires extensive experience. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based framework to detect the desired sagittal plane automatically. This is accomplished by utilizing two main techniques: 1) a modified version of the iterative transformation network (ITN) method for obtaining initial planes, and 2) a fine searching method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier for detecting the desirable sagittal plane. This combination of techniques facilitates accurate plane detection, which is a limitation of the stand-alone ITN method. We have tested on a number of CT datasets to demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve more satisfactory results compared to the ITN method. This allows dentists to identify the mandibular canal path efficiently, providing a foundation for future research into more efficient, automatic mandibular canal detection methods.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare surface hardness between titanium-nitride coated crowns (TiNCs) and stainless steel crowns (SSCs), and to evaluate the corrosion resistance and color sustainability of TiNCs. Ten TiNCs and 10 SSCs were used for the hardness test. Measurement was performed 30 times for each type of crowns, and the mean values were compared. Metallic raw material plates (before being processed into crowns) of TiNCs and SSCs were prepared for the corrosion resistance test. The total amounts of metal ion releases in the test solution were detected by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Five TiNCs were subjected to the color sustainability test by applying repetitive brushing forces. The mean hardness values of TiNC group and SSC group were 395.53 ± 105.90 Hv and 278.70 ± 31.45 Hv respectively. Hardness of TiNCs were significantly higher than that of SSCs. The total amounts of metal ion releases from the materials of TiNCs and SSCs satisfied the criterion in International Organization for Standardization 22674. The results mean that TiNCs and SSCs were not harmful in an acidic environment. The golden coating was stable against the repetitive physical stimulations for a given period time.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2020

Kinesin-1 is microtubule-dependent plus-end direct molecular motor protein essential for intracellular transport. It is a member of the kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) which transport cargo, including organelles, vesicles, neurotransmitter receptors, cell-signaling molecules, and protein complexes through interaction between its light chain subunit and the cargo. Kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) is a non-motor subunit that associates with the kinesin heavy chain (KHC). Although KLC1 interacts with many different adaptor proteins and scaffolding proteins, its binding proteins have not yet been fully identified. We used the yeast two-hybrid assay to identify proteins that interact with the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of KLC1, and found an interaction between KLC1 and EH domain-binding protein 1 like 1 (EHBP1L1). EHBP1L1 bound to the region containing all six TPR repeats of KLC1 and did not interact with KIF5B (a motor protein of kinesin 1) or KIF3A (a motor protein of kinesin 2) in the yeast two-hybrid assay. The carboxyl-terminus of the coiled-coil domain of EHBP1L1 is essential for interaction with KLC1. However, another EHBP1L1 isoform, EHBP1, did not interact with KLC1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. KLC1 interacted with GST-EHBP1L1 and its coiled-coil domain but not with GST only. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, EHBP1L1 co-localized with KLC1 and co-immunoprecipitated with KLC1 and KIF5B but not KIF3A. These results suggest that kinesin 1 motor protein may transport EHBP1L1-associated cargo in cells.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.183-189
• /
• 2000

According to Oriental perspective on Universe, all systems become complete when three elements namely time, space, and human are all present. The only computer technology which can integrate these three elements is GIS. The current GIS database and system architecture, however, mainly concentrate on managing and analyzing spatial data without considering temporal and human elements. Despite the limitations, it is certain that GIS technology will develop into a unity within which the three elements of time, space and human are integrated. On the other hand, with the rapid acceptance of Internet technology, a new small universe that can be called "cyber world" is emerging. However, the current small univers created by internet is only a half-universe which does not include the concept of space. The creation of "cyber nation" which truly reflects our living environment in computer and information communication networks can only be achievedthrough the integration of GIS and Internet. Currently, many countries are heavily investing in GIS. Based on the magnitude of investments, we can expect that the concept of "cyber nation" will further develop into "cyber world" where the search for information on any part of global village is possible with the simple use of mobile phone regardless of time or location. If so, it might be possible to create a "Digitopia", a digital utopia in cyber space. A new world is opening by the integration of GIS and Internet.is opening by the integration of GIS and Internet.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2020

The aim of the research is to provide thixotropy on cement-based materials. For this purpose, the linkage between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and borax was used. Namely, adding the suspensions of PVA and borax in cement paste, the thixotropy of cement paste was confirmed. The thixotropy of cement-based materials can have various advantages on construction process, especially, the placing method using pipe can have advantages. As a result of this research, the linkage between PVA and borax is valid inside of cement paste. Therefore, using PVA and borax, it is confirmed that the cement-based materials can have thixotropy with this method, and it can be expected to contribute on developing new method of placing cement-based materials with thixotropy.