• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2000

A numerical model of three-dimensional soil water distribution for drip irrigation management under cropped conditions was developed using Richards equation in Cartesian coordinates. The model accounts for both seasonal and diurnal changes in evaporation and transpiration, and the growth of plant root and the shape of root zone. Solutions were numerically approximated using the Crank-Nicolson implicit finite difference technique on the block-centered grid system and the Gauss-Seidel elimination in tandem. The model was tested under several conditions to allow the flow rates and configurations of drip emitters vary. In general, simulation results agreed well with experimental results and were as follows. The velocity of soil-water flow decreased drastically with distance from the drip source, and the rate of expansion of the wetted zone decreased rapidly during irrigation. The wetting front of wetted zone from a surface drip emitter traveled farther in vertical direction than in horizontal direction. Under this experimental weather condition, water use efficiency of a drip-irrigated apple field was greatest for 4-drip-emitter system buried at 25 cm, resulting from 10% increase in transpiration but 20% reduction in soil evaporation compared to those for surface 1-drip emitter system. Soil moisture retention curve obtained using disk tension infiltrometer showed significant difference from the curve obtained with pressure plate extractor.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2020

The vertical garden is an environment where plants have many limitations in their growth. In particular, the upper and lower parts of the foundation are characterized by unbalanced moisture distribution. And although it may vary depending on the installation location of the light, generally the base of the light is not in desperate need for plants to grow due to shade. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical characteristics of the vertical garden based on Felt through experiments, classify the location characteristics of the media, and suggest the method of installing the water quantity water frequency, and lighting according to the location characteristics of the foundation. As a result, it was found to be most appropriate to use a 4mm base for the vertical garden and to have an irrigation of about 10 minutes once every 6 hours. In addition, it was found that in order to create a light condition for sufficient growth of plants, light bulbs should be installed at the upper and lower parts of the foundation. As a result of irrigation and lighting tests, the results of the above-mentioned plants need to be referred to in selecting plants that are introduced to vertical gardens, as the results show that the upper part of the foundation has a lower moisture rate and a stronger light than the lower part, and the lower part has a higher moisture rate and a weaker light than the upper part. In the future, we would like to present more accurate methods of selecting and maintaining plants by conducting plant experiments using the underlying characteristics found in this study.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 2009

The high temperature and water content in soil profile probably affect the physiological disorder especially on cool-season turfgrasses in warm and humid weather of Korean summer. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of soil temperature and water content on the growth and stress response of creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds.) under a humid and warm temperature. USGA(United State of Golf Association) green profile in laboratory test, Daily temperature changes were tested under a dried sand, 70% water content of field capacity, and saturated condition at $34^{\circ}C$ of the USGA green in lab. In this test, the dried sand reached to $80^{\circ}C$, however, the surface temperature decrease of $10^{\circ}C$ on the saturated condition. In the thermal properties test in field, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and soil temperature were increased followed by irrigation practise. In the water-deficient condition, the highest soil temperature was reached temporally right after irrigation, however, the excessive soil water content higher than field water holding capacity showed the highest soil temperature after a while. This result indicated that a heat damage to root system was caused from the thermal conductivity of a high surface soil temperature. The excessive irrigation when a high turf surface temperature should occur a negative result on tufgrass growth, moreover, it would be fatal to root growth of creeping bentgrass, especially when associated with a poor draining system on USGA sand green. Overall, this study shows that high soil temperature with water-excessive condition negatively affects on cool-season grass during the summer season, suggesting that excessive irrigation, over 70% field capacity of soil condition, does not help to reduce soil temperature for summer season in Korea. In the study that cool-season grass were treated with different water content of soil, The soil had higher temperature and more water holding capacity when treatment rate of soil conditioner was increased. The best growth at the normal water condition and the worst state of growth at thee water-excessive condition were observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.120-123
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• 2000

느타리버섯의 재배 환경관리는 버섯의 품질과 수확량을 좌우하는 매우 중요한 요소이지만 버섯배지의 적정 수분유지 및 습도조절에는 많은 노력과 시간이 요구된다. 이 연구는 느타리버섯의 수확시기에 버섯재배사 통로를 왕복 주행하며 버섯균상 2열 4-5단 균상에 필요한 량의 물을 뿌려주고 바람으로 배지표면의 물을 말려주며 주기적으로 안개분무로 가습하여 버섯 재배환경을 적합하게 유지하는 장치개발을 위하여 수행하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.51-54
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• 1999

1. 하우스 개폐장치 조작 불능시를 가정하여 천ㆍ측창을 인위적으로 폐쇄한 경우, 하우스내 온도는 외기온 보다 16$^{\circ}C$ 높은, 즉 사실상 작물을 생육할 수 없는 고온상태를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 하우스 상태 및 외기조건 등에 따라 다소 상이할 것으로 예상된다. 2. 천ㆍ측창을 개방한 상태에서 환기팬을 가동한 경우, 환기팬 가동에 따른 추가적인 실온 저하 효과는 계측되지 않았다. 3. 본 연구에서는 비교적 노즐 입경이 큰 스프링클러를 이용하여 관수시의 냉각효과를 검토하였다. 이 경우, 하우스내 온도는 스프링클러 작동과 동시에 비교적 짧은 시간내에 급격한 온도강하가 이루어졌다. 이 후 지속적인 온도강하는 둔화되어 비교적 안정된 온도를 유지함으로서, 하우스의 실온저하에 크게 기여하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1976

To evaluate growth pattern of barley, dry matter productions of two barley varieties with different winter habits were compared under same temperature and day length conditions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

Sodium is known to reduce a plant growth and yields. However, the relationships between physiological response of seedling and salinity stress caused by growing media are not well understood yet. We conducted experiments to investigate change of some parameters including Na, EC, moisture content in media under different air temperature ($15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$), and the response of fruit-vegetables such as cucumber, oriental melon on saline conditions originated from horticultural substrate. Volumetric moisture content of media at $15^{\circ}C$ was 70%, but at $25^{\circ}C$ was decreased by 45% within 22 hrs, showing below optimal matric potential, approximately. During reaction time, the increase of Na concentration was significantly greater in saline substrate than in control. The decrease rate of Na concentration according to supplying irrigation water was higher in saline substrate than in control. $CO_2$ assimilation rate and transpiration rate of Korea melon grown in low temperature were decreased with a Na/cation ratio in hydroponic solution. Water saturation deficit was also increased significantly at $15^{\circ}C$ as compare to $25^{\circ}C$. Saline stress during nursery stage induced a reduction of seedling quality, growth and cucumber yield. The results suggest that the relationship between uncontrolled Na uptake of seedling from saline substrate and meteological condition is responsible for saline stress.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

This study was carried out to identify the treatment methods for the inhibition of lateral roots and promotion of hypocotyl enlargement using plant growth regulators for the production of high quality soybean sprouts. Inhibition of lateral root formation was not significant from the $CA_3$ and NAA treatments. From the treatment of BAP, lateral roots were not occurred at all, and hypocotyl enlargement was promoted at the low concentration of $10\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;and\;15\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Promotion of hypocotyl enlargement was higher as the BAP treatment time was shorter. The optimum time of BAP treatment was 6 hours. Occurrence ratio of lateral roots were low and hypocotyl enlargement was promoted from water supply every 24 hours after BAP treatment. In the indole B treatment, lateral roots occurrence was very low with the concentration of 1.1%, which is much lower than the optimum concentration of 4.2%.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1989

1. IAA showed no significant growth of root primordia and then lateral root emerged at 2 days after IAA treatment. BA treatment, however, strongly inhibited the formation of root primordia and a few lateral roots, if any, emerged about 5 days after treatment. 2. Treatment of BA and Indol-B on the water retaining ability sampled 1, 3, 5 days after chemical treatment was apparent on the soybean sprouts sampled 5 days after treatment while the difference among the treatments was negligible when sampled 1 and 3 days after treatment. 3. BA stimulated ABA content in the hypocotyl while inhibited ABA content in the root of soybean sprouts. ABA may relate with water retaining ability. 4. Soaking the soybean seeds to several seed disinfectant chemical solution had no effect on the growth and elongation of soybean sprouts. 5. It can be recommended that container of soybean sprouts should be shut tight during growing period except irrigation because the ethylene accumulation in the container may stimulate hypocotyl swelling and inhibit length of soybean sprouts.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 1999

The trickling system for automatic and individual watering were made with Bunchungto, Ongito and Backjato. The thickness of ceramics were 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0mm. And they were fired in a muffle furnace at five different temperatures between 500 and 900'E during 12 hours. The upper plastic parts of sensor consisted of five elements made by steel mold. With the photo fiber sensor attached to datalogger, an accumulated amount of drops for every 10 minutes were recorded. The porosity is higher in the order of Bunchungto, Backjato and Ongito; also, as the firing temperature is higher and the thickness is thicker, the porosity is higher. The ceramic sensors consisted of $SiO_2$ of 54.17~71.62wt.%, A1$_2$ $O_3$ of 15.42~33.79wt.% and the rest of 10wt.%, those were Fe$_2$ $O_3$, CaO, MgO, Na$_2$O, $K_2$O, Ti $O_2$, P$_2$ $O_{5}$. The pattern of dropping were changed according to the variety, thickness and firing temperature of ceramics. As the ceramics were made thicker, the fluctuation of dropping became more rapid, but it did not regularly work at 1mm thickness. As the firing temperature of ceramics became higher, the fluctuation of dropped amount became more rapid.