• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2013

We investigated the occurrence of major pests, 4 species of moths (Grapholita dimorpha Busck, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, Archips breviplicanus Walsingham, Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roslerstamm), apple aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and parasitoids in pear orchard with hairy vetch and cutting weeds in Yesan, Chungnam province during the flowering season and summer depression season of hairy vetch, in 2012 and 2013. The occurrence of 4 species of moths in hairy vetch plot and cutting weeds (major is finger grass, Digitaria sanguinalis, 80%) were little different but in case of apple aphid, the density in hairy vetch plot was just 95 aphids per stem at 20th June but low after then. The density of two spotted spider mite on pear leaf in hairy vetch plot was lower than in cutting weeds plot significantly. The number of parasitoids collected in hairy vetch plot during flowering season (May and June) were 398 and 798 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The number of parasitoids collected in hairy vetch plot during summer depression season (July and August) were 114 and 172, respectively. But in cutting weeds plot, 9 and 22 in May and June, 8 and 5 in July and August. We didn't know either hairy vetch in pear orchard affected the occurrence of 4 species of moths, apple aphid and two spotted spider mite or not but was acted to be favorable for wasps, the natural enemies on the contrary. The improvement of chemical control systems through the selection of low chemicals to natural enemies with cover and green manure plants would turn effective pest management into a possibility.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

A seasonal outlook for crop insect pests is most valuable when it provides accurate information for timely management decisions. In this study, we investigated probable tele-connections between climatic phenomena and pest infestations in Korea using a statistical method. A rice insect pest, brown planthopper (BPH), was selected because of its migration characteristics, which fits well with the concept of our statistical modelling - utilizing a long-term, multi-regional influence of selected climatic phenomena to predict a dominant biological event at certain time and place. Variables of the seasonal climate forecast from 10 climate models were used as a predictor, and annual infestation area for BPH as a predictand in the statistical analyses. The Moving Window Regression model showed high correlation between the national infestation trends of BPH in South Korea and selected tempo-spatial climatic variables along with its sequential migration path. Overall, the statistical models developed in this study showed a promising predictability for BPH infestation in Korea, although the dynamical relationships between the infestation and selected climatic phenomena need to be further elucidated.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2001

This review discusses the effects and roles of insect hormones and insect growth regulators (IGRs) on vitellogenesis in adult insects. Insect vitellogenesis is regulated by hormones such as juvenile hormone (JH), ecdysteroids, and neurosecretory hormones (ovaryecdysteroidogenic hormone : OEH) released by neurosecretory cells, diet, and other elements(male specific protein of sperm fluid). In the fat bodies, the vitellogenins are synthesized by the stimulation of JH released by corpus allatum (CA) and ecdysteroids produced by follicle cells with the ovary in most insects. Furthermore, vitellogenins are released into the hemolymph, transported to the ovarioles by carrier protein, and incorporated into oocytes for the developing ovary. Of IGRs, juvenile hormone and its mimics such as methoprene and pyriproxifen appear to have pharmacological effects such as membrane lysis, destruction of salivary grand and midgut epithlial cells, fat body cells, and ovarian tissue, and also anti-juvenile hormone such as precocenes I and II appear to have specific cytotoxicity such as inhibition of corpus allatum and oocytes development. These results suggest that IGRs may be useful as agents for integrated pest management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.231-243
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• 2001

The sterilization method of records by fumigation using mixed gas of methyl bromide(MB) and ethylene oxide(ETO) has been generally used as a way to protect biological deterioration by microorganisms and insects. In this study, we confirmed sterilization effect of MB and ETO [86 : 14(Vol.%)] on and analyzed toxicity on microorganisms isolated from records. To analyze sterilization effect of fumigation on microorganisms and insect, we have fumigated microorganisms and insect with a various amounts mixed gas of MB and ETO, and various exposure time. Insect was sterilized at all experimental conditions. In microorganisms, sterilization effect was detected only when the mixed gas was treated at $120g/m^3$ concentration for at least 24 hrs. To test the possibility of isolated microorganisms as a threat to human health, it was investigated that toxicity test using yeast, radish and cancer cells on microorganisms. Only Aspergillus oryzae had an inhibition effect on growth of yeast. radish and cancer cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that sterilization effect can occur at low concentrations of the mixed gas on insect but requires higher concentrations of the mixed gas on microorganisms. In addition to, it is suspected that the possibility of the microorganism as a threat to human health is little.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

Small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is a honeybee pest infesting combs and stores inside the hive. Contamination of the SHB on Apis mellifera colonies were firstly noticed on September 23, 2016, in Miryang City, Gyeongnam Province in Korea. After that, on October 5, 2016, we investigated the spatial distribution of SHB inside the hive and outside soil within the apiary. Total of 169 beehives were observed. We found all stages of SHB inside or outside of hives. 61% of hives infested with the adult SHB still had live honeybees whereas hives containing larval SHB did not have bees, implying colony destruction In hives with live bees, infestation density was higher as bee population became higher. Coefficient of dispersions (CD) showed significant clumped distribution of infestation among hives. CDs were much higher inside hive than outside soil. Our results indicates SHB could result in honeybee colony collapse it not managed properly. Also even during October, there are new infestation into honeybee colonies and every stage of SHB could still be able to develop. Further detailed analysis of this insect' adaptation in Koran environment could help guide the management strategies of the invaded new pest of honeybee.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.18 no.6 s.202
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• pp.166-171
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• 1996

여름철이 되면 평균 기온이 27도씨이상 되는 무더운 날씨가 계속되고 장마로 인하여 습도가 높아지면 불괘지수가 높아져서 관리자들도 모든 일이 짜증스럽고 주위가 산만해지기 쉬운 계절이다. 또한 여름철에는 양돈장에 파리와 모기 등의 해충이 많이 발생하고 유해 가스가 많이 생기며 사료가 쉽게 변질되는 등으로 돼지의 사육에 직접 간접으로 불리하게 미치는 영향이 커서 발육이나 번식 능력을 떨어뜨리게 된다. 특히 돼지는 선천적으로 다른 가축에 비하여 땀샘이 퇴화되고 피하지방이 두껍고 체지방축적이 많은 관계로 더위에 매우 약하므로 무더움 여름철에는 신진대사와 호르몬 분비 조절기능이 비정상적인 경우가 많아 사료섭취량 감소, 발육 지연 및 번식 성적에 관련되는 발정, 배란, 수태율, 산자수 등이 감소하게 된다. 따라서 무더운 날씨가 계속되는 여름철에는 다른 계절보다 돼지의 사육에 적합한 온도, 습도, 환기 등에 많은 관심을 기울여서 쾌적한 사육 환경을 조성하여 생산성을 높일 수 있도록 하고 그 중에서도 여름철에 돼지의 수태율을 향상시킬 수 있는 관리 대책을 강구해야겠다.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.23 no.5 s.178
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• pp.10-13
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• 2002

농약은 농산물 생산에 있어서 병해충 및 잡초를 방제함으로써 생산성을 높이는데 필수적인 농업자재로 인식하고 있다. 그런데 모든 화학물질이 그러하듯이 농약도 두 가지 양면성을 지니고 있다. 즉, 약효와 독성이다. 일반적으로 농약은 뿌려진 농약의 $0.1\%$이하만이 목표물이라고 할 수 있는 해충 및 잡초, 이병작물에 떨어지고 그 외는 비표적 생물 및 환경매체에 떨어짐으로써 생태계에 영향을 준다고 한다. 약효는 농약으로서 지녀야 하는 당연한 기능이지만 독성은 가능한 줄여야 할 기능이기 때문에 농약회사에서는 약효는 높으면서 사람과 생태계에는 좀 더 안전한 농약을 개발하기 위해 애쓰고 있다. 우리나라는 전세계적으로 볼 때 농약을 비교적 많이 사용하는 나라로 알려져 있으나 경제규모 및 사용량에 비해서 생태계에 대한 농약관리는 앞서가지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 농약의 생태위해성 평가에 대한 기본적인 이해를 돕기 위해 이번호부터 연재를 통해 생태위해성에 대한 기본개념을 소개함과 동시에 국내외 농약등록제도에서의 생태위해성 의사결정 과정을 비교하고 마지막으로는 국내 농약관리제도에 있어서 생태독성분야의 의사결정에 대하여 개선방안을 제안하고자 한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Although the history of IPM can be traced back to the late 19th century, when ecology was identified as the foundation for scientific plant protection, it has been more than thirty years since first enunciation. Since than, the concept of IPM has evolved in multiple paths not only in entomology but in plant pathology and in weed science, and the philosophy has become a firm foundation to the science of plant protection. The IPM concept has gained wide general acceptance, however, because of the many-facet aspects, there has been some controversy and/or misunderstanding by the students and practitioners. In this paper, I was tried to review the concepts of IPM and to resolve the contradiction between the philosophy and practical techniques. On this line, the historical background and the concept of economic injury level, which is the foundation of the concepts, are reviewed and discussed the sampling techniques and the population dynamics of single pest, which were basic to the rational and effective application of the management techniques. IPM is not a science per se but it is a technique and it should be applicable to the real conditions. For this purpose, the information on the pests should be transferred to the producers as fast as possible. From such, some of my own opinion is presented in relation to current systems of the pest occurrence forecasting.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.45-49
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• 2001

As a series of studies to develop pest management system for sweet persimmon production matched with the quarantine criterion of sweet persimmon-imported county, a survey was conducted by questionnaire on pest management practice and scheme of increasing income in sweet persimmon farms in Korea. Above 80% of sweet persimmon farmers was over fifties in age. The greatest limiting factor for sweet persimmon production was thought to be disease by the farmers. Percentage of farmers who answered that the most important pest is anthracnose cause by Gloeosporium kaki, and stink bugs was 64.6% and 73.5%, respectively. In particular, the farmers did not consider Dichocrocis punctiferalis, a main targer insect for quarantine in USA, as serious problem. Obtaining information on pest management practice or decision-making on both selection of pesticide and time of pesticide application depended highly on their own experience with the highest proportion. Eight to nine times of pesticide applications a year was highest among farms with 56.6%. More than 80% of farmers recorded the diary of pesticide application. farmers considered increasing cost for pest management as the greatest problem with 35.4% in proportion, and 34.5% of farmers pointed out that increase in export is essential for increasing farm income with highest proportion.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2017

To investigate the control effect of insect pests by natural enemies, sticky traps were used in commercial tomato greenhouses in Chun-cheon and the experiment fields of Gangwon-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Republic of Korea using semi-forcing culture (February to June). We selected low toxicity pesticides, environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM), and natural enemies of the study species, combinations of which have been previously used in farms to control insect pests. In this study, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and thrips, which are major agricultural insect pests, were studied in experimental greenhouses. The adult T. vaporariorum population was observed in mid-April and the population of thrips showed occurrences in early April. Regarding seasonal fluctuation, T. vaporariorum peaked in mid-May and thrips peaked after June. one insecticide, spiromesifen suspension concentrate (SC); one fungicide, cyazofamid SC; and two EFAMs containing neem tree extract were shown to be slightly toxic to Encarsia formosa and Orius laevigatus. The results of this study could be used to develop management models using natural enemies of control the insect pests; T. vaporariorum and thrips in semi-forcing culture of tomato.