• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-154
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• 2009

This paper describes the possibility of human physiological data, especially brain-wave activity, to detect cognitive overload, a phenomenon that may occur while learner uses an e-learning system. If it is found that cognitive overload to be detectable, providing appropriate feedback to learners may be possible. To illustrate the possibility, while engaging in cognitive activities, cognitive load levels were measured by EEG (electroencephalogram) to seek detection of cognitive overload. The task given to learner was a computerized listening and recall test designed to measure working memory capacity, and the test had four progressively increasing degrees of difficulty. Eight male, right-handed, university students were asked to answer 4 sets of tests and each test took from 61 seconds to 198 seconds. A correction ratio was then calculated and EEG results analyzed. The correction ratio of listening and recall tests were 84.5%, 90.6%, 62.5% and 56.3% respectively, and the degree of difficulty had statistical significance. The data highlighted learner cognitive overload on test level of 3 and 4, the higher level tests. Second, the SEF-95% value was greater on test3 and 4 than on tests 1 and 2 indicating that tests 3 and 4 imposed greater cognitive load on participants. Third, the relative power of EEG gamma wave rapidly increased on the 3rd and $4^{th}$ test, and signals from channel F3, F4, C4, F7, and F8 showed statistically significance. These five channels are surrounding the brain's Broca area, and from a brain mapping analysis it was found that F8, right-half of the brain area, was activated relative to the degree of difficulty. Lastly, cross relation analysis showed greater increasing in synchronization at test3 and $4^{th}$ at test1 and 2. From these findings, it is possible to measure brain cognitive load level and cognitive over load via brain activity, which may provide atimely feedback scheme for e-learning systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1388-1397
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to obtain information regarding to the food habits including health-related behaviors, the nutrition knowledge and the satisfaction on the dormitory food service. The subjects of this study were 758 college students (580 male and 178 female) residing in the dormitory in Ulsan. The data were obtained through questionnaire and interview, and were analyzed using the SPSS package program. the results of this study are as follows: The average age of the subjects was $20.7\pm2.3$ years old. The average height and weight of male were $175.2\pm5.0\;cm\;and\;69.4\pm9.6\;kg$, respectively. Those of female were $162.6\pm4.1\;cm\;and\;51.8\pm5.9\;kg$, respectively. The BMI value of male was $22.6\pm0.1$ which ranged within normal level, but that of female was $19.6\pm0.2$ which ranged underweight level. In the case of food habits, $26.0\%$ of total subjects always skipped a meal (especially breakfast). The main reasons for skipping meals were no time to eat, no appetite, and weight control. Most of subjects ($69.3\%$) have usually eaten snack after dinner, their most favorite food was noodle (ramen), and the next was pizza. With regard to the health care, there was a significant difference between male and female respect to smoking (p<0.001), drinking (p<0.01) and exercise level (p< 0.001). The mean food habit score of the subjects was $59.9\pm11.1$. Male students had a higher food habit score than female students (male: $60.6\pm10.9$, female: $57.7\pm11.4$), and the group residing longer period had a higher food habit score than the one residing shorter period. Average nutrition knowledge score of subjects was $7.8\pm1.8$. Gender, residing periods, monthly pocket money influenced on the nutrition knowledge score. Female had a higher score than that of male (P<0.001), and the group residing longer period had a higher score than the one residing shorter period (p<0.01), and the group who had more monthly pocket money had a higher score than the one who had less. No significant correlation was found between food habit score and nutrition knowledge score. In the case of dormitory food service, the total subjects showed high satisfaction scores for the sanitation and the atmosphere, while low scores for the menu and the quality of food service. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health-related behaviors of college students in dormitory. However, further studies and nutrition counseling are needed to improve food habits and nutrition knowledge.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The root of Stnchys Sieboldif MIQ was extracted three times with methanol and extract was found to contain 3.02% of polyphenols and 1.97% of flavonoids. DPPH radical scavenging method, ferric thiocyanate method, and nitrite scavenging ability method were employed to investigate the constituents of the extract and to measure their activity on antioxidation. The fraction extracted by ethylacetate showed higher anti oxidation value than that of $\alpha-tocopherol$, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the same concentration. UV-VIS spectral data of the extract by ethylacetate that was isolated on a silica gel column proved adsorption maxima in the range of 280∼330 nm. The fraction ES-RS that has $\lambda_{max}(nm)$ of band 1, 325nm and band II, 289nm exhibitd the strongest activity on antioxidation. ES-R5 fraction showed similar pattern to flavones by the analysis of UV-VIS spectral data.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the type and measurement location of a fabric strain gauge sensor on the detection performance for respiratory signals. We implemented two types of sensors to measure the respiratory signal and attached them to a band to detect the respiratory signal. Eight healthy males in their 20s were the subject of this study. They were asked to wear two respiratory bands in turns. While the subjects were measured for 30 seconds standing comfortably, the respiratory was given at 15 breaths per minute were synchronized, and then a 10-second break; subsequently, the entire measurement was repeated. Measurement locations were at the chest and abdomen. In addition, to verify the performance of respiratory measurement in the movement state, the subjects were asked to walk in place at a speed of 80 strides per minute(SPM), and the respiratory was measured using the same method mentioned earlier. Meanwhile, to acquire a reference signal, the SS5LB of BIOPAC Systems, Inc., was worn by the subjects simultaneously with the experimental sensor. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed using SPSS 24.0 to verify the difference in measurement performances among the group of eight combinations of sensor types, measurement locations, and movement states. In addition, the Wilcoxon test was conducted to examine whether there are differences according to sensor type, measurement location, and movement state. The results showed that the respiratory signal detection performance was the best when the respiratory was measured in the chest using the CNT-coated fabric sensor regardless of the movement state. Based on the results of this study, we will develop a chest belt-type wearable platform that can monitor the various vital signal in real time without disturbing the movements in an outdoor environment or in daily activities.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2008

This study was attempted to look into relation between job stress and job satisfaction perceived by clinical dental hygienists and the influencing factors for providing fundamental data to increase their job satisfaction. For this, mailed correspondence examination was conducted with questionnaire for dental hygienists who are engaged in dental hygiene duties at dental clinics in Seoul between June 19 and July 24, 2008. Total 180 questionnaires were distributed, and among these, 156 questionnaires were included in analysis except for 24 questionnaires having incomplete answers. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The total mean of dental hygienists' job stress was found to be 3.46 points out of 5 points, and that of their job satisfaction to be 2.99. 2. For relation between general characteristics and job stress of dental hygienists, significant difference was found just in the motive to select dental hygienist (p < 0.001) and the expected period of engagement in dental hygienist duties (p < 0.05). 3. For relation between general characteristics and job satisfaction of dental hygienists, significant difference was found just in job experience(p < 0.05), current position (p < 0.05), average salary (p < 0.001), and the expected period of engagement in dental hygienist duties (p < 0.01). 4. For correlation between job stress and job satisfaction, negative correlation was shown generally (r=-0.222), such that the more was job stress, the less was job satisfaction. 5. As a result of multiple regression analysis to look into the job stress factors influencing dental hygienists' job satisfaction, it was found that the factors of excessive workload(p < 0.05) and improper treatment(p < 0.01) most influenced job satisfaction, and the descriptive power on the job stress factors influencing their job satisfaction was found to be 24.1%.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide with baseline data with the purpose of increasing the values of medical services. Self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 236 patients at a dental clinic follow-up visit in dentist clinic Gyeongnam area from June 2013 to August 2013. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. The motivation visiting the dental clinic is that the first one is introduction from the family and friends, the second is accessibility, the third is conspicuity and the last one is awareness of the dentist. The main variables in the process of treatment are service system, kindness, satisfaction of service, efficient of re-call system. The relief of discomfort at revisit show the highest score in the process of implant treatment and intention of revisit hereafter do in the prostheses process. In the correlation between main variables, service system and relief of discomfort at revisit (r=0.440, p<0.001), kindness and satisfaction of medical service (r=0.675, p<0.001), revisit hereafter and satisfaction of service (r=0.387, p<0.001) and efficiency of re-call system and revisit showed the highest correlation. The influence on satisfaction of dental service show meaningful level in kindness (p<0.001) and efficiency of re-call system (p<0.05). The intention of revisit is affected meaningfully by relief of uncomfort (p<0.05), service system (p<0.05), kindness (p<0.01) and efficiency of re-call system (p<0.01). In summary, the personal network of patients is most important variable at intention for revisit of dental clinic. As satisfaction of kindness and efficiency of re-call system is higher, satisfaction of medical service and intention for revisit are shown higher. Therefore further research for improvement of satisfaction for medical service and of intention of revisit at the dental clinic should be carried out.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2016

Conventional social science typically regards the idea of a 'mountain' as part of 'nature' and a physical environment existing separately from, or prior to, human society and culture. However, in Korea, which is 70% mountainous land, the 'mountain' is part of a unique 'social nature'. This research develops the idea that in this context the mountain is a social nature and a cultural landscape which are tied heavily to the idea of travel. The article interrogates why the scenic beauties of Mt. Kumgang have been perceived and conveyed through multiple generations since the Chosun Dynasty period. Focusing on Mt. Kumgang, this article illustrates how strongly people have held dreams of mountain travel, for the whole life-time. Travel writings(or accounts of trips to the mountain) and artwork have played a particularly important role in creating Mt. Kumgang's reputation as the most beautiful mountain in the country. At the same time, the access to the mountain was often a dangerous adventure, with many travelers facing hunger and extreme physical challenges. As portrayed in writings and artwork, the overall effect of these dynamics was the creation of a socionatural place of striking beauty that even seemed to have mystical or magical fantasy. According to Confucian ideals, full appreciation of nature and its beauty was key to understanding the logics of the universe and to achieving a high moral standard, which contributed to decide to leave for the mountain as well. The essays, poems, and paintings of Mt. Kumgang since the Chosun Dynasty period that portrayed the mountain's beauty collectively served to produce the mountain as a socionatural landscape engendered with potent place-myths, important historical meaning, and strong aesthetic associations. Thus, the travel to the mountain seemed never completed over until travelers had completed various artistic representations to record and to memorize what they'd done and seen in Mt. Kumgang, which had been performed for the strong purpose of social sharing of the real the mountain's beauties and itinerary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smoking among adolescents and their smoking-related oral health knowledge. The subjects in this study were the teens who were selected by convenience sampling from among the students who were in their first, second and third years in four different middle schools in the city of Iksan, North Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted from June 14 to July 12, 2011, and the answer sheets from 1,219 respondents were selected for analysis. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package 12.0, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. The smoker students accounted for 10.6 percent. The boys and girls who smoked respectively represented 16.0 and 5.4 percent. 2. As for the period of smoking, the largest group that accounted for 51.6 percent smoked for less than a year. Concerning the amount of daily smoking, the greatest group that accounted for 91.9 percent smoked less than 10 cigarettes. As to the motivation of smoking, the biggest group that represented 52.8 percent started to smoke out of curiosity. 3. Regarding smoking-related oral health knowledge, they got a mean of 0.85. Their scores in knowledge of oral malodor(0.95), oral cavity cancer(0.94) and periodontal diseases(0.93) were above the average, and their scores in knowledge of dental caries(0.70) and blunting of taste(0.77) were below the average. 4. The seventh graders got the best score of 5.28 in smoking-related oral health knowledge(p<0.01), and the students who were more satisfied with their life had a better oral health knowledge(p<0.05). 5. The senior students were more dependent on nicotine(p<0.01), and the number of smoking days(${\beta}=0.407$, p<0.001) and the period of smoking(${\beta}=0.235$, p<0.01) affected their nicotine dependence.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2010

The purpose of this study, which was processed from March $22^{nd}$ to April $9^{th}$ of 2010, was to figure out recognition, well-formed instructions, and Practical application about dental hygiene devices based on the dental health characteristics of 350 adults who dwell in Busan and Gyeongnam regions. Also, this study recommended the adults to use dental hygiene devices and provided such devices to help individuals take care of their dental health at home. The collected data was statistically processed with a statistics SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science 14.0. SPSS Inc. USA) program. First of all, in order to demonstrate the characteristics of the sample population statistics and that of the descriptive data, frequency analysis was performed and to find out the relationship between variations of the dental health, Chi-squared test through Crosstabs was operated. According to the study, recognition and Practical application of dental hygiene devices were very low. Therefore, public announcement about necessity and effectiveness of such devices should be reinforced nationwide and instructions on choosing the right device and using of the dental hygiene devices based on patients' conditions by dental hygienic human efforts gathered from dental health organization should be carried out.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2005

This study was conducted to provide information about the behavioral intentions to diet in adolescent females. To explain the behavior intention to diet, a conceptual framework based on the ' Social Support, Control and the Stress Process Model ' and the ' Theory of Reasoned Actio ' was used. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 463 female high school and college students in Daegu. Analysis of data was done by using mean, correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SAS computer program. Subjects were divided into 3 groups-underweight, normal weight, and overweight-according to their current body size. The most powerful influencing factor related to perceived stress -that is dissatisfaction with body image- was the current figure, regardless of current body size. The fatter the current body size, the higher the score for the behavioral intention to diet. In attitude toward the behavior of dieting, the fatter the current figure, the higher the attitude score, and the belief of behavioral outcome was the main decision variable. For the score of the subjective norm, the overweight group was significantly higher than other groups. The influencing factors for the behavioral intention to diet were perceived stress and attitude toward dieting behavior, especially beliefs of behavioral outcome.