• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.334-345
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out inservice teachers' teaching skills and relevant educational settings that could be applied to an instruction of problem-based learning (PBL). Participants have been instructed PBL teacher training programs and applied PBL into teaching and learning process. Three elementary teachers were selected to participate in the study, and data were collected with semi-structured interviews. The interviews of the teachers in relation to PBL were analyzed by two main topics: (1) the teachers' teaching skills required in PBL and (2) the educational settings in implementing PBL. The results are as follows: First, there is a difficulty involved in the implementation of PBL in that its preparation and teaching process are different from the traditional teaching methodology. However, as a helper who guides the students to self-directed learning in the free and permissible learning environment in which students are motivated to develop their potential effectively, the teachers are to invest their time consistently and to put their efforts into making an effective class in the entire process of PBL. Second, as a method to apply the problem-based learning to the education settings, the teachers must spread the awareness of PBL to fellow teachers, students, their parents and the administrators in education and form the community of the teachers. Most importantly, when the teachers apply PBL in the directly, from the joy of witnessing the changes in the students, they will choose to adopt PBL.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - In today's markets, new technologies such as social network systems and user generated contents have provided consumers with access to unlimited amounts of information and an ability to communicate with other consumers in the world. Specially, the massive of the internet and the development of online communities and interactive platforms offer the potential to cocreate with a large number of consumers. Significant changes in marketplace suggest that simply being consumer oriented is not enough, so firms must learn from and collaborate with consumers to create values that meet their individual and dynamic needs. In these sense, emergent perspectives in marketing highlight new opportunities for co-opting consumers as a means to define and cocreate value through their engagement. Although the importance of consumer co-creation with firms, the current literature lacks the respond to two questions: (1) who are the most competent consumers for creating the values with firm? and (2) what are the stimulaters to help the consumers engage for co-creation? To this answer the question, this research investigate how to structure consumer motivations to encourage consumers to be more engaged for co-creation and what drives a consumer to get involved to respond to a call for co-creation. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically test the hypotheses, a survey was conducted among consumers who had experienced the co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation with the firms. We collected a total of 343 responses. After we excluded 37 questionnaire because of incomplete responses, a total of 306 questionnaire remained. Working with a sample of 306 responses in Seoul and Kwangju, hierarchical moderated regression is employed to test research hypotheses. Results - The results indicated that consumer creativity and emergent nature are positively related to engagement in co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation. Also, the relationships between consumer creativity/emergent nature and engagement in co-creation were moderated by intrinsic motivation in case of upstream and downstream co-creation. Finally, interaction effects between consumer creativity/emergent nature and extrinsic motivation were not significant. Conclusions - These results suggest that marketing managers have to consider the consumer personality such as creativity and emergent nature and stimulate the intrinsic motivation of consumer to achieve the co-creation project successfully.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.981-990
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between job searching efficacy and employment stress of the allied health students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 269 allied health students in Gyeongnam from September to October 30, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(5 items), employment stress(22 items), job searching efficacy(27 items). Data were analyzed by SPSS 20. program. Results: In case of the man, good economic level, dissatisfied with major have higher job searching efficacy in allied health students. Department of physical therapy students had higher employment stress. The employment stress has an effect on higher self-esteem, higher employment in information technology, in case of the man, lower career adopted a capability. Conclusions: It is necessary to reduce employment stress of the allied health students. That should be provide support of economical, innovation curriculum development opportunity of self-development on improve the self esteem and employment in information technology, interview skill, writing resume from freshman to broaden understanding of the majors, for the employment stress coping skill.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2006

In this paper, the way of remote installation and back-up of 3-tier structure is introduced for efficient utilizing the cluster system resources distributed at several places. Recently, cluster system is constructed as the system of over hundreds nodes under complex network system mixed with public networks and private networks. Therefore, the as installation method suitable for the large scale cluster system and the remote recovery of failure nodes are important. However the previous researches which are based on 2-tier architecture may not provide the efficient cluster installation and image back-up method when the network of cluster system is composed of several private networks and public networks. In this paper, RISE (Remote Installation Service and Environment) based on the 3-tier architecture is proposed to solve this problem. In our approach, the managing node's role is divided into the global master node (GRISE) and the local master node (LRISE) to provide the efficient initial system deployment and remote failure recovery of distributed cluster system under the various network systems. Also, LRISE's availability is ensured under the complex network environments by adopting the auto-synchronization mechanism between GRISE and LRISE. In this work, a 64-node cluster system with gigabit network system is utilized for the experiment. From the experimental result, the system image with 1.86GB data can be obtained in 5 minutes and 53 seconds and the image-based installation of 64-node system can be carried out in 17 minutes and 53 seconds.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-90
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• 2017

Rewards or penalties become informative only when contingent on an immediately preceding response. Our goal was to determine if the brain responds differently to motivational events depending on whether they provide feedback with the contingencies effective for learning. Event-related fMRI data were obtained from 22 volunteers performing a visuomotor categorical task. In learning-condition trials, participants learned by trial and error to make left or right responses to letter cues (16 consonants). Monetary rewards (+500) or penalties (-500) were given as feedback (learning feedback). In random-condition trials, cues (4 vowels) appeared right or left of the display center, and participants were instructed to respond with the appropriate hand. However, rewards or penalties (random feedback) were given randomly (50/50%) regardless of the correctness of response. Feedback-associated BOLD responses were analyzed with ANOVA [trial type (learning vs. random) x feedback type (reward vs. penalty)] using SPM8 (voxel-wise FWE p < .001). The right caudate nucleus and right cerebellum showed activation, whereas the left parahippocampus and other regions as the default mode network showed deactivation, both greater for learning trials than random trials. Activations associated with reward feedback did not differ between the two trial types for any brain region. For penalty, both learning-penalty and random-penalty enhanced activity in the left insular cortex, but not the right. The left insula, however, as well as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, showed much greater responses for learning-penalty than for random-penalty. These findings suggest that learning-penalty plays a critical role in learning, unlike rewards or random-penalty, probably not only due to its evoking of aversive emotional responses, but also because of error-detection processing, either of which might lead to changes in planning or strategy.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2011

KJJVC(Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator) was installed at the KJCC(Korea-Japan Correlation Center) and has been operated by KASI(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) from 2009. KJNC is able to correlate the VLBI observed data through KVN(Korean VLBI Network), VERA(VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry), and JVN(Japanese VLBI Network) and its joint network array. And it is used exclusively as computer in order to process the observed data for the scientific purpose KJJVC used the VSI(VLBI Standard Interface) as the VLBI international standard at the data input-output specification between each component. Especially, for correlating the observed data, the data is transmitted with 1024Mbps speed between Mark5B high-speed playback and RVDB(Raw VLBI Data Buffer). The EMI(Electromagnetic lnterference), which is occurred by data transmission with high-speed, cause the data loss and the loss occurrence is frequently often for long transmission cable. Finally it will be caused the data recognition error by decreasing the voltage level of digital data signal. In this paper, in order to minimize the data loss by measuring the EMI noise level in transmission of the VSI specification, the 3 methods such as 1) RC filtering method, 2) lmpedance matching using Microstrip line, and 3) Signal buffering method using Differential line driver, were proposed. To verify the effectiveness of each proposed method, the performance evaluation was conducted by implementing and simulations for each method. Each proposed method was effectively confirmed as the high-speed data transmission of the VSI specification.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.120-134
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• 2000

In this paper we present a Distributed Object oriented Virtual computing Environment, called DOVE which consists of autonomous distributed objects interacting with one another via method invocations based on a distributed object model. DOVE appears to a user logically as a single virtual computer for a set of heterogeneous hosts connected by a network as if objects in remote site reside in one virtual computer. By supporting efficient parallelism, heterogeneity, group communication, single global name service and fault-tolerance, it provides a transparent and easy-to-use programming environment for parallel applications. Efficient parallelism is supported by diverse remote method invocation, multiple method invocation for object group, multi-threaded architecture and synchronization schemes. Heterogeneity is achieved by automatic data arshalling and unmarshalling, and an easy-to-use and transparent programming environment is provided by stub and skeleton objects generated by DOVE IDL compiler, object life control and naming service of object manager. Autonomy of distributed objects, multi-layered architecture and decentralized approaches in hierarchical naming service and object management make DOVE more extensible and scalable. Also,fault tolerance is provided by fault detection in object using a timeout mechanism, and fault notification using asynchronous exception handling methods

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1566-1571
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• 2005

Consumer's perception and consumption pattern of fresh-cut agri-food Products were surveyed to Provide basic information for quality enhancement. The results are summarized as follows: The respondents had a preference for a discount store (60.5$\%$) to purchase fruits and vegetables and the frequency of purchase was one time Per week (46.1$\%$). Fruits and vegetables were purchased frequently by full-time housewives compared with workers. The reasons for purchasing fresh-cut agri-food generally resulted from a consideration of the saving in cooking time, the ease of handling and the desire to serve appropriate portions. On the other hand, the reasons for not purchasing fresh-cut agri-food Products were the comparatively high price, a perception of unsanitary handling. Freshness was considered to be the most important factor when purchasing these products. The preferred price for the fresh-cut agri-food products were approximately 110 $\∼$ 140$\%$ of that for the unprocessed products. 87.7$\%$ of respondents answered that they will purchase fresh-cut agri-food products continuously if some problems that they considered, would be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1381-1387
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• 2005

This study was intended to evaluate the weight control program for 18 obese female college students during 9 weeks. The weight control program was composed of periodical counsel for self-control of dietary attitude and exercise with personal/group program. The female college students were average 21.3 years old and average 161.8 cm of height. The subjects were classified into 2 groups based on BMI: overweight group $25\le{BMI}<27$, obese group BMI$\ge$27. The subjects were average 71.56 kg of weight and $27.25 kg/m^2$ of BMI before they joined the program. The prompt of joining was less self-confidence for appearance. After 9 weeks, the overweight group lost their weight about 3.28 kg and also reduced 1.61 percentage of body fat. The obese group also lost their weight about 3.0 kg but reduced only 0.8 percentage of body fat. The serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol dropped significantly (p<0.05) in the overweight group. The $VO_2$ max inclosed 2.71 mL/kg/min in the overweight group. The obese group reduced caloric intakes from $109.2\%\;to\;86.5\%$ of RDA. The scores of dietary attitude such as eating speed, snack frequency, watching TV or reading during the eating were significantly increased (p<0.05) in obese group. These overall results suggest this program would be effective in self-weight control of overweight people. But the obese group assumed negative attitude in self-exercise program. So it is necessary to manage weight control programs, as considering obesity degree of subjects.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.571-580
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• 1985

Based on the data collected by R/V "Shinkai Maru" of the Japan Marine Fishery Resources Research Center during the period from April 1978 to April 1979, seasonal migration of Merluccius hubbsi was studied using the catch per fishing effort (tons/30 min. haul) and gonad maturity index (gonad weight /body weight X $10^3$). Merlurccius hubbsi are found in the area between $36^{\circ}S\;and\;54^{\circ}S$ along the coast of Arzentine and are abundant especially above the 100 fathoms in northern offshore of $48^{\circ}S$. It was observed that critical maturity body lengths (spawning minimum body length) in terms of gonad maturity index are 40 cm and 30cm in female and male respectively, while spawning seasons are from December to January and from November to December for female and male respectively. It was assumed that while the group which distrbutes in the north ($36^{\circ}S{\sim}39^{\circ}S$) in spring moves down south to $42^{\circ}{\sim}46^{\circ}S$ for spawning in summer (from December to January), the group which does not move or a part of this group which comes back to the north spawn in the area north of $42^{\circ}S$ throughout the long period except winter time (from July to August). Southern group as well might move north and spawn after mixing together with northern group at $42^{\circ}{\sim}46^{\circ}S$ area around the period of December to January,