• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.194-202
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 교육과정 개정에 따라 광학 개념 및 활동이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 제7차 교육과정, 2007년 개정 교육과정, 2009 개정 교육과정, 2015 개정 교육과정의 중학교 과학 교과에 제시된 광학 성취기준과 각 교육과정에 의해 개발된 교과서에 제시된 광학 내용들을 비교 분석하였다. 광학 내용은 물체를 보는 과정, 빛과 색, 반사와 굴절, 거울과 렌즈의 상 등의 4가지 개념으로 구분하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육과정 개정에 따라 특정 광학 개념의 추가, 삭제, 이동 등의 변화가 나타났다. 특히 물체를 보는 과정, 분산, 반사와 굴절 등의 개념에서 변화가 나타났다. 둘째, 거울과 렌즈에 의한 상의 형성의 내용이 교육과정 개정에 따라 점차 축소되었으며, 활동의 수준도 조절되었다. 셋째, 학생들이 일상 속에서 경험할 수 있는 현상 및 도구에 연계하여 교과서의 내용이 제시되는 시도가 점차 증가하였다. 추가적으로 교육과정과 교과서의 내용을 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 광학교육에의 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1025-1038
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 초등과학영재의 창의적 문제해결력 향상을 위해 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로젝트 학습 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 적용하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 이 연구는 경인교육대학교 과학영재교육원에 재학하는 초등학생 5, 6학년 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 융합 인재교육(STEAM) 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 프로젝트 학습의 단계와 한국과학창의재단이 제시한 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로그램의 구성원리와 학습준거, 방법론을 활용하였다. 개발된 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 초등영재학생을 위한 과학 창의적 문제해결력 검사지를 활용 하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 총 18차시이며, 태양열 자동차를 만드는 1차 프로젝트와 탄성 자동차를 만드는 2차 프로젝트로 구성되어 있다. 1차 프로젝트는 학생들과 함께 주제를 선정하고 선정된 주제에 맞추어 사전 활동들로 관련 자료를 조사한 후 실제 수업에서 탐구, 협의, 표현활동이 이루어지고 산출물로 마무리 및 평가가 되는 12차시로 구성되었다. 2차 프로젝트는 1차 프로젝트를 바탕으로 주어진 문제에 대해 스스로 해결방법을 구상하여 산출물을 만들어 내도록하는 6차시로 구성하였다. 모든 프로젝트는 교사와 학생 간 공통의 주제를 선정하고, 이 주제에 대해 스스로의 문제화 과정을 거쳐 학생 주도로 과학 기술 공학 예술 영역의 내용적 융합이 이루어질 수 있도록 구성하였다. 개발된 프로그램을 적용한 결과 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로젝트 프로그램은 영재 학생들의 창의적 문제해결력에 효과적인 영향을 주었음을 알게 되었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.229-242
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary teachers' conceptions on the inquiry activity about 'make a fossil model' focusing the 6th, 7th, 2007 revised, and 2009 revised elementary science textbook. This study is intended to find causes of teachers' conceptions and to derive educational implications. We have analyzed questionnaires which were collected from 77 elementary school teachers. It was carried out about comparisons actual fossil with fossil model in each step of the inquiry activity, the lesson goal, the thought for changes of the inquiry activity, the improvement of the inquiry and conception related fossil. Teachers have a general understanding about the contents of the inquiry activity but some of them have partially incorrect understanding. And they emphasize the understanding of the concept on lesson goal. It is necessary to improve inquiry activity reflecting teachers' thinking about the merit and weaknesses. There was not statistically difference in understanding of fossil related concepts according to teachers' career, teaching or training experience. Through this research, there is a need to improve a textbook, a guide book, a teachers' training. So, teachers who have professionalism about science textbook be able to teach students.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.96-108
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how prospective elementary school teachers perceived teacher's inquiryoriented teaching practice, with an emphasis on students' scientific explanations based on scientific evidence. For this study, 94 prospective elementary school teachers were participated. 14 among 94 participants had chances to intensively experience this particular teaching methods for 15 weeks. All of the 94 participants observed the intended science teaching practice for 4th graders in two different elementary schools, which utilized the science talks emphasizing students' scientific explanation activity. For quantitative data analysis, they were asked to provide their reaction to the science teaching methods after their classroom observation. For qualitative data analysis, 5 among the participants, who had relatively long term experience with this teaching practice, were chosen to interview in order to understand their individual reasons of the ways they perceived about the inquiry-oriented teaching methods boosting students' scientific explanation. The results show that the prospective elementary teachers generally thought the emphasis of students' scientific explanation based on scientific evidence could enhance young elementary students' science content understanding, stimulate their curiosity/interests, and further develop their ability to engage actively in scientific discussions. However, some prospective teachers tended to think that the science teaching. methods would not be effective in terms of managing science classes, though. This study concludes that the prospective teachers tended to hold an endemic dilemma. On the one hand, they had their clear preference to the inquiry-oriented teaching practice as the most ideal teaching methods. On the other hand, they also had their persistent hesitance in using these methods due to their fear that elementary students might not adequately grasp the important science content when engaged in scientific discourse through an inquiry-oriented class.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed the inquiry activities in the 'matter' units from each science textbook for the fifth and the sixth graders developed by the 2007 revised national curriculum, using Practical Activity Analysis Inventory proposed by Millar(2009) to examine types of learning objectives, hands-on contents(what students have to do with objects and materials), minds-on contents(what students have to 'do' with ideas), and logical structure each activity had. The results of this study are as follows: First, most learning objectives of the inquiry activities seems to be suitable for the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum. Second, the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum are properly reflected in hands-on contents of inquiry activities. Third, minds-on contents of inquiry activities are well developed to meet the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum as a whole. Fourth, the logical structures of inquiry activities are mostly adequate for achieving the goals of the 2007 revised national curriculum. In the textbook for the fifth graders, however, all the activities are focusing too much on using students' current ideas to generate a prediction and collecting data to explore or test it. Based on these findings, this research has concluded that learning objectives, minds-on contents and logical structures of inquiry activities need to be designed carefully for students to be exposed to various activities when developing following textbooks.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.505-514
• /
• 2010

This study aims to explore group inquiry using science writing heuristic in elementary school science. We observed and examined what elementary students experienced in their science classes and moreover how they used their data to support their claims in the view point of scientific epistemology. The research question of this study is 'what is the result of coherence measurement for figuring out the relationship between argument and ground in group inquiry activity?'. To solve the study question, one fifth-grade class at an elementary school was selected. Four lessons in group inquiry using a worksheet of science writing heuristic were videotaped and transcribed. It was found that the hours of group inquiry when students can discuss meaningfully occupied approximately 37 to 45%. When measuring coherence in each lesson by developing a scale from one to five to estimate the coherence of the work sheet designed, the total average was 3.424. It implicated that students had their claims supported by some of their evidences. Although the figure was not enough to assist that they found strong bonds between their claims and data, they started to move forward to epistemological approach in their science lab works.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.262-276
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the elementary teachers' views and students' views about the difficulties in teaching and learning on open inquiry activities of elementary school science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with three elementary teachers who have serviced more than three years, and with twenty four elementary students attending schools located in Cheongju City. And their anecdotes were collected and analyzed. The interview questions were developed through Seidman's steps to acquire the reliability in the interview data. From the interviews and anecdotes, we found that elementary teachers' views about the difficulties of teaching open inquiry activities: the difficulties of teaching in finding inquiry problem and planning inquiry, the difficulties of managing group activities, the difficulties of managing class hours for inquiry, the lack of the students' inquiry abilities, and problems on students' affective characteristics. And the students have the views about the difficulties in doing open inquiry activities: the difficulties of finding inquiry problem and planning inquiry, being unaccustomed to write reports, the troubles with investigating, problems on affective characteristics, the difficulties of joining in a group, and the lack of inquiry abilities. The teachers give suggestions for effective application of the open inquiry activities: first, the teachers must encourage students' emotion and will in doing open inquiry activities, second, there must be the steady inquiry teaching and learning in ordinary elementary science classes. Based on the results, this study suggested that elementary teachers should concern specially about students' being unaccustomed to write reports and the troubles in doing scientific investigation.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the role-playing analogy activity-based class on the academic achievement in science and the science process skills of elementary school students. One experimental group and one control group of 4th grade students were selected to perform a prior investigation on the academic achievement in science and the science process skill. Then the experimental group attended science lessons that were based on the role-playing analogy activity and the control group attended the traditional science lessons based on the text book and teacher's guide. After conducting lessons, a post investigation was performed for each group and the results were analyzed to produce the following conclusions. First, the role-playing analogy activity class was more effective to improve students' academic achievements than the traditional science class. And the role-playing analogy activity class was more effective to learners in the high-level group, which made a scores above the average in prior investigation on the academic achievement, whereas it was little effective to those in the low-level group. Second, the role-playing analogy activity class was effective to enhance students' science process skills than the traditional science class. And the role-playing analogy activity class was more effective to the learners' in the high-level group than those in the low-level group.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the causal thinking activity of Let's Think Through Science(LTTS) program on causal thinking and science process skills of elementary school students. Four classes of 4th graders (N=119) from a elementary school were divided into the control and the experimental groups. Causal thinking activity of LTTS program was used with the experimental group, while the normal curriculum was conducted with the control group. Both groups were given a pre-post test on causal thinking abilities and science process skills. And the experimental group was given 15- item questionnaires analyzing of perception on LTTS program. This study revealed that causal thinking activity of the LTTS program were effective on the development of students' causal thinking abilities and science process skills. ANCOVA results revealed that the scores of causal thinking abilities for the experimental group significantly higher than those of the control group. In the sub-tests of the causal thinking abilities all categories were effective. And ANCOVA results of the science process skills were also effective. Science process elements of observation, recognizing of a problem were significantly higher. And elementary students preferred to the causal thinking activity of LTTS program so that it was interesting, useful, helpful to each other in studying science.

• 과학교육연구지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.641-656
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 2007년 개정 교육과정에 의해 편찬된 초등학교 과학 교과서 3~6학년의 1학기에 실린 시각 자료의 특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등 과학 교과서에 실린 시각 자료의 종류, 역할, 사회-기호학적인 특징을 함께 확인하고 서로 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 2007년 개정 교육과정에 의해 편찬된 초등학교 과학 교과서에서 가장 높은 빈도로 사용 된 시각 자료의 종류는 사진과 그림으로, 사진과 그림을 제외한 시각 자료들의 사용 빈도는 매우 낮았다. 그리고 시각 자료의 역할 중 장식적 역할의 시각 자료 사용 빈도가 저학년에서 고학년으로 올라가면서 급격히 낮아짐을 확인할 수 있고, 예시적 역할과 설명 보충적 역할을 하는 시각 자료가 대부분의 비율을 차지하고 있는데 이는 시각 자료가 과학 학습 내용에 충실하게 반영되고 있음을 의미한다. 또한 활동지 역할의 시각 자료 사용 빈도가 점차 높아지고 있는데 이는 학생들이 직접 탐구 과정에 참여하거나 탐구 결과를 정리하는 활동이 많아짐을 의미한다. 시각 자료의 사회-기호학적인 특징을 분석하면 초등학교 과학 교과서에 사용된 시각자료가 '시각 자료의 형태', '시각 자료의 기능', '시각 자료와의 거리', '시각 자료의 수평각도', '그림자 효과'에서 학생과의 접근성 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 시각 자료의 종류, 역할 그리고 사회-기호학적인 특징 사이에 밀접한 관계가 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 시각 자료의 종류 중 사진은 대부분 시각 자료의 역할 중 예시적 역할과 설명 보충적 역할로 제시되면서 사회-기호학적인 특징 중 실제형, 내러티브-은유형, 실제적인 그림자 효과 등을 나타냈다. 이와 같이, 교과서에 제시된 시각 자료의 종류에 따라 역할이 달라지고, 그 시각 자료에 맞는 사회-기호학적인 특징을 갖게 되면서 각각의 시각 자료가 갖는 학생들과의 접근성 정도를 확인할 수 있었다.