• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2003

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of explanations about physical phenomena given in non-physics textbooks on the formation of student physical conceptions. Two classes, 39 students in each, were sampled from two middle schools in Pusan, Korea, and two kinds of test tools for investigating student conceptions were developed for the study. The first test tool(a) investigated student conceptions after reading explanations about physical phenomena in non-physics textbooks, while the second(b) investigated student conceptions after reading explanations revised by physics education experts about the same physical phenomena. The two test tools were applied to each class, and for a fair invetigation, test(a) followed by test(b) was applied to one class, while test(b) followed by test(a) was applied to the other class. The results were as follows: In both classes, the students' level of understanding from explanations revised by physics education experts was significantly (p < .01) higher than that from explanations in non-physics textbooks. As such, it is feasible that false or inappropriate explanations in non-physics textbooks can cause student misconceptions. Moreover, the improper expression of physical science concepts, improper choice of scientific terms, and incorrect grammatical structures, along with the use of unsuitable examples and improper model pictures can make it difficult for students to understand physics concepts. Furthermore, differences in the terms used in physics textbook and those used in other textbooks can also confuse students' learning.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.600-608
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• 2011

The ultimate goal of instruction is for learners to understand contents they have to learn in class. Therefore, shedding light is needed on the characteristics of understanding required by teachers and perceived by students when class is conducted for the purpose of understanding. To do this, 87 middle school teachers were requested to write down questions they asked to improve the understanding of learners in 'reproduction and genesis' unit. They were categorized according to Wiggins & McTighe's six aspects of understanding and a questionnaire was developed based on the data. A survey was conducted on 90 teachers and 370 ninth-grade students. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the teachers demanded explaining, interpreting and perspective a lot, but applying, empathy and self-knowledge were scarcely required. Second, the teachers demanded explaining the most, and the students as well. The next aspect of understanding in both groups was interpreting, followed by perspective, applying, empathy and self-knowledge. There were significant differences among the opinions of the students according to gender (p<0.05). Third, the students persevered explaining, applying and self-knowledge the same way as the teachers demanded, but not for interpreting, perspective and empathy. This study is expected to provide some information to achieve the instruction objectives of understanding successfully.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.519-539
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• 2014

In order to accomplish the successful performance management of the national research and development programs, it is necessary to establish the legal system that provide a institutional foundation and to set up and practice the relative substantial operating system. This paper aims to study the problems and improvement measures of the Performance Management System in National R&D Programs. For this purpose, the development of legal system on the performance management in national R&D programs was surveyed, the problems in existing laws and ordinances on the performance management were analyzed, and lastly the improvement measures on the legal system of the performance management were suggested. The legal system of performance management is being composed of and managed with The Framework Act On Science And Technology that prescribed the national science and technology policy direction, and Act On The Performance Evaluation And Management Of National Research And Development Projects, Etc. that prescribed the basic policies of performance management process and methods, and Regulations On The Management, Etc. Of The National Research And Development Projects that prescribed the concrete methodologies on performance management. Results of the study, it is necessary that the performance management laws and ordinances need improvement of Compatibility, the object and range of performance management system extend more widely to the whole field of national R&D programs in principle, and the performance management process and methods improve reasonably considering the goal and direction of national R&D policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the astronomical thinking level of elementary, middle, and high school students using ordered multiple choice items. For this purpose, we constructed a questionnaire comprising three items about spatial thinking and system thinking. This survey was conducted and applied to 1,066 students in the 5th grade, 8th grade, and 11th grade in 12 schools located in Gangwon Province. The collected student response data were analyzed by applying inferential statistics of classical test theory and Rasch model. The results of the analysis were as follows; First, in the level of spatial thinking, students were able to grasp the spatial location and orientation of the celestial body, but were not able to convert the celestial motion of two-dimensional plane into three-dimensional plane, and it was revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in the spatial thinking of students among grade levels. Second, in the level of system thinking, students were able to identify the components and relationship between components of the celestial motion system, but could not identify the patterns of the system, and it was revealed that there was statistically significant difference among the system thinking of students in different grade levels, unlike in spatial thinking. Third, the astronomical thinking expressed in certain context (content) was very similar regardless of grade level, Through this, we could confirm the context-dependency or content-dependency of the astronomical thinking of students. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for exploring ways to enhance astronomical thinking level in school science classes.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.333-351
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• 2016

This study analyzed what STEAM elements, except mathematical content, are contained in 2009 revised elementary school 5th and 6th grade group mathematics textbooks. STEAM elements in the textbooks were examined by grade and by content area in the elementary school mathematics curriculum. The results were as follows. First, the number of STEAM elements in mathematics 5-1, 5-2, 6-1, 6-2 are 151(18.4%), 212(25.9%), 211(25.7%), 246(30.0%), respectively. The 6th Grade than in 5th Grade can be seen a few plenty. Second, the number of STEAM elements are different depending on the type of STEAM. The number of arts element is 617(75.2%) and this elements are seen the most. The number of representative art and cultural art is 445(54.3%) and 172(20.9%), respectively. The number of technology-engineering and science is 158(19.2%) and 45(5.5%), respectively. We need to developed to promote use of science element in next mathematics curriculum.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate middle school student's conceptual change about Force and Motion by the courseware based on constructivism. It is well known to science educators that misconcrptions about physics concepts are hardly changed into scientific ones. So as to change student's misconceptions about force and motion, the courseware was developed through the analysis of students' conceptions. 20 students were tested before and after learning through the courseware. One of the questions was about the direction of force acting on the ball thrown in the air when it is rising, at the top, and falling. The other was about the magnitudes and directions of forces acting on a car when it is accelerating, in uniform velocity, and decelerating. The results are as follows: In case of vertical motion, all students had misconceptions before learning, but after learning 5 students(25%) have changed their ideas into scientific ones. In case of horizontal motion, 9(45%) out of 20 students who had misconceptions about force and motion have changed their ideas into scientific ones.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2014

For this research, prepared ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution and polyurethane dispersion. Use these resin, this article has been analyzed about change of mechanical properties by increasing amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in polyurethan resin on coated leather and dried film. According to measure data for solvent resistance, DPU(polyurethane dispersion) resin and DPU-AD1, D2, D3(samples of polyurethaneresin with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution) had good property. As known in the results, increase of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate constant did not influence to big change of polyurethane resin properties. As test of tensile strength, DPU had highest tensile characteristic($3.114kg_f/mm^2$) and DPU-AD3 had lowest tensile characteristic($2.510kg_f/mm^2$). As same as tensile characteristic, abrasion test determined DPU(50.5 mg.loss) had highest properties. In elongation case, DPU had best properties(602 %) in this experiment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.819-839
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• 2009

Proposed increases to the government's R&D budget should be discussed based on merits of meeting efficiency and effectiveness criteria. The evaluation of the national R&D budget and related programs are performed in two areas: a system of R&D budget coordination and allocation, and a system of R&D program performance. This paper mainly focuses on the operational areas of R&D budget evaluation system with a focus on their impact to efficiency and effectiveness. The core view point for a R&D budget evaluation system involves two directions: Firstly, to detail the relationships between the later stage (ex. post) activities such as, program survey, analysis, and program performance evaluation, with the budget evaluation. Secondly, to critically oversee all R&D coordination procedures with a different perspective. Budgeting is generally known as a serial process of policy making, planning and executing. It is highly desirable for the budget to be allocated to, and spent by, specific programs as planned, and that each plan be aligned with a specific policy. As such, a strong relevance between the program structure and budget code system is integral to successful execution. It should be performed using a decision making system which closely examines the link between policy and budget. It is also recommended that systematic relationships be maintained among budget coordination and allocation, performance evaluations of policy and program levels, and program survey and analysis system, and that their operational schedule should be reviewed comprehensively as a one integrated system. The National Science and Technology Council is expected to play a major and practical role as the center of policy planning and should be supported by the objective and unbiased system which covers overall process from policy making to program evaluation. Finally, increased utilization of contents, timely program survey and analysis, and accurate of activity scheduling of budget coordination and allocation, and diligent program performance evaluation all contribute towards a more efficient and effective overall evaluation system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.500-508
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• 2014

For this research, synthesis acrylic resin by ethyl acrylate monomer(EAM) and prepared samples which set by difference amount of monoammonium phosphate solution in waterborne acrylic resin. Use these resins, analyzed mechanical properties and thermal stability by films and leather surface coated. The test of DSC experiment sample WAC-APS3 was $410^{\circ}C$ Tm values which means the highest content of monoammonium phosphate had highest thermal stability in acrylic resin. According to measure data for solvent resistance, all samples showed good property. As known in the results, increase of ammonium phosphate constant did not influence to big change of resin properties. In abrasion test WAC-APS3 was good abrasion properties(68.729 mg.loss). Test of tensile strength, as increase as monoammonium phosphate resin analyzed low properties $1.505kgf/mm^2$ to $1.275kgf/mm^2$. In elongation case, same as strength test result 425 % to 384 % by increase to monoammonium phosphate amount in acrylic resin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.740-749
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• 2023

The ocean plays a vital role in the international carbon cycle, absorbing human-induced atmospheric carbon and preventing further atmospheric carbon accumulation. However, while the ocean had been considered a victim of climate change, it did not receive much attention as a solution for climate change in the major agenda of UNFCCC. Recently, a growing awareness that the ocean can provide numerous potentials to handle untapped issues to address the climate crisis has arisen, which has prompted discussions to strengthen ocean-based climate action. Since 2020, UNFCCC "Ocean and climate change dialogue" has been a forum to integrate and strengthen the ocean-climate nexus. This calls for integrating ocean action into climate action and the relevant sectors. In this regard, this study examined the background and international trends of ocean-based climate action and presented the author's perspective on the scope of content that such action should pursue and the direction to achieve it. In addition, this study identified tasks of the integrated approach and advancement of co-benefit as ways to strengthen ocean-based climate action, and it suggested domestic countermeasures for the Korean marine policy on climate change based on this.