• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.86-92
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• 2002

This paper presents a new model of NC verification in NC milling using z-map. The model can describe the motion of machine tool like a real machine effectively. The model uses x, y, and z directional feed rate as well as cutting data for modeling Z-map of workpiece. The model verifies the over-cut, the under-cut and the surface topography using NC codes and cutting conditions. To investigate the performance of the model, simulation study was carried out. As the results, the model gave the geometry accuracy of workpiece, the surface topography, and the chip loads.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.4 s.55
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• pp.785-799
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• 1996

We investigated the 1,004 workers who worked in a automobile factory to study the epidemiologic characterists of dermatoses due to cutting oils. Among the workers, 667(66.4%) answered the questionaire. They are belong to 5 departments of the factory-the Engine-Work(258 workers), Gasoline engine Assembly(210), Diesel engine Assembly(96), Power train Work(86), Power train Assembly(17). We measured the oil mist concentration in air of the departments and examined the workers who had dermatologic symptoms. The results were follows; 1) Oil mist concentration ; Of all measured points(52),9 points(17.2%) exeeded $5mg/m^3$- the time-weighed PEL-and one department had a upper confidence limit(95%) higher than $5mg/m^3$. 2) Dermatologists examined 213 workers. 172 of them complained any skin symptoms at that time - itching(32.5%), papule(21.6%), scale(15.7%), vesicle(12.5%) in order. The abnormal skin site found by dermatologist were palm(29.3%), finger & nail(24.6%), forearm(16.2%), back of hand(8.4%) in order. 3) As the result of physical examination, we found that 160 workers had skin diseases. Contact dermatitis was the most common; 69 workers had contact dermatitis alone(43.1%), 11 had contact dermatitis with acne(6.9%), 10 had contact dermatitis with folliculitis(6.3%), 1 had contact dermatitis with acne & folliculitis, and 1 had contact dermatitis with abnormal pigmentation. Others were folliculitis(9 workers, 5.6%), acne(8, 5.0%), folliculitis & acne (2, 1.2%), keratosis(1, 0.6%), abnormal pigmentation (1, 0.6%), and non-specific hand eczema (47, 29.3%). 4) The prevalence of any skin diseases was 34.0 pet 100 in cutting oil users, and 13.3 per 100 in non- users. Especially, the prevalence of contact dermatitis was 23.0 per 100 in cutting oil users and 23.0 per 100 in non-users. 5) We tried patch test(standard serise, oil serise, organic solvents) on 49 patients to differentiate allergic contact dermatitis from irritant contact dermatitis and found 20 were positive. 6) In a multivariate analysis(independant=age, tenure, kinds of cutting oil), the risk of skin diseases was higher in the water-based cutting oil user and both oil user than non-user or neat oil user(odds ratio were 2.16 and 2.78, respectively). And the risk of contact dermatitis was much higher at the same groups(odds ratio were 5.16 and 6.82, respectively).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.705-711
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• 2015

Five-Axis machines can generate undesirable defects such as the undercutting and overcutting errors that frequently occur in the three-axis machining process. It is therefore necessary to develop a program for NC-code generation, whereby the cutter posture is considered to decrease the occurrence of defects. In previous studies, the Easy-Impeller CAM(E-ICAM), an automatic CAM program used for the five-axis machining of impellers, was developed; however, when E-ICAM is used to machine an impeller, it is possible to gouge the hub and blade. Therefore, the aim of this study is the establishment of a formula for each type of endmill to minimize gouging according to the cutter posture, in consideration of several factors that affect accuracy in the machining of an impeller. This study also aimed to improve the performance and accuracy of E-ICAM in the manufacturing of impellers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.707-722
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• 1992

Fracture of a cutting tool is one of the most serious problems in machining systems. Therefore, several methods have been proposed so far to detect cutting tool fracture. However, most of them have some problems from the viewpoint of practical applications. In this study, the feasibility of using acoustic emission and cutting force signals for the detection of massive tool breakages as well as small fracture of cutting tools were investigated. Turning experiments were performed using conventional carbide inset tools under realistic cutting conditions and the SM45C steel and heat treated SM45C steel were used as a workpiece. And the sensitivities of the AE and cutting force signals to the fracture of cutting tools were illustrated. Finally, a detection algortithm for the fracture of cutting tools was developed through the analysis of these dual signals in the several types of tool fracture.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.651-669
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• 2018

This study suggests the prediction model to estimate the specific energy of a pick cutter using a gene expression programming (GEP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Estimating the performance of mechanical excavators is of crucial importance in early design stage of tunnelling projects, and the specific energy (SE) based approach serves as a standard performance prediction procedure that is applicable to all excavation machines. The purpose of this research, is to investigate the relationship between UCS and BTS, penetration depth, cut spacing, and SE. A total of 46 full-scale linear cutting test results using pick cutters and different values of depth of cut and cut spacing on various rock types was collected from the previous study for the analysis. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) associated with the conventional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method is more than two times larger than the MSE generated by GEP-PSO algorithm. The $R^2$ value associated with the GEP-PSO algorithm, is about 0.13 higher than the $R^2$ associated with MLR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.04b
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• pp.235-241
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• 1993

생산시스템의 요소기술은 단계별로 설계, 가공, 검사에 관한것이 있으며 FMS, CIM과같은 생산시스템에서는 통가공 Cell의 효율을 극대화시키기 위한 기술로 지능화한 지능화기술은 전문가시스템(Expert System), 퍼지 이론 (Fuzzy logic)및 신경회로망(Neural Network)의 도입에 의해 활발히 이루어지고있다. 시스템의 지능화 를 위해서 가장 근간이 되는 기술은 그림 1.에 나타낸 바와 같이 지식(Knowledge) 기술과 센서(Sensor) 응용 기술이 며, 현재의 가공상태에 대한 정보는 전적으로 센서를 통해 얻어지며 상태판단은 축적된 지식을 바탕으 로 행해진다. 센서를 통해 얻어진 외부정보를 외부정보를 처리하는 인식(Recognition)이란 대상물의 존재를 아는 인지(Cognition)의 과정에서 한걸음 더 나아가 구체적인의미나 정보내용을 판정하는 것을 의미한다. 당 연구실에서는 이러한 기법들을 이용한 지능화된 공구마모/파손 감지에대한 연구를 수행중이다. 1차적으로 머시님센타의 엔드밀공정을 중심으로한 연구가 진행중이며 본 논문에서는 현재 연구실 차원에서 사용되고 있는 고가의 센서를 대체 할 수 있는 저가의 신뢰성 있는 센서의 이용에 촛점을 맞추어 패턴인식을 위한 절삭신호특성 분석 및 패턴 특성에대한 연구 결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.22-31
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• 2002

콘크리트 블록에는 속빈 콘크리트 블록, 치장 콘크리트 블록, 형틀 콘크리트 블록, 콘크리트 적층 블록 등이 있고, 콘크리트 적층 블록을 제외하면 모두 건축용으로 널리 쓰이는 재료이다. (1) 속빈 콘크리트 블록 속빈 콘크리트 블록이란 보강근을 삽입하는 속빈 부분을 갖고, 블록 벽체로 외력을 부담하는 것을 말한다. 속빈 콘크리트 블록은 건물의 경량화와 시공 기간의 단축이 가능하기 때문에 (그림 1)과 같이 벽체용으로 사용되거나 또는 칸막이용 등으로 많이 사용되는 대표적인 조적재이다 (2) 치장 콘크리트 블록 치장 콘크리트 블록은 철근으로 보강할 수 있는 공동이 있고, 미리 표면에 연마, 절삭, 씻어 내기, 쪼아 내기. 스플릿, 슬럼프, 리브붙임 등의 치장 마무리가 되어 있는 블록을 말한다. 도장 또는 착색만에 의한 치장 블록은 포함하지 않고 있다. 치장 블록은 주로 (그림 2)와 같이 담장에 많이 사용되고 있다. (3) 형틀 콘크리트 블록 형틀 콘크리트 블록은 형틀 콘크리트 블록조에 사용되는 것을 형틀 콘크리트 블록조란 형틀 블록을 조합하여 형틀로 하고, 그 중공부에 철근을 배치하고 콘크리트를 타설하여 내력벽을 형성하는 건축구조를 말한다. 형틀 블록을 조적한 후 외부에 나타나는 면에는 스플릿, 연마, 절삭, 씻어 내기, 쪼아 내기 등의 치장을 하기도 한다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.5-17
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• 1995

기술과 과학이 끊임없이 발달되고 있는 가운데 생산기술과 생산공업도 비약적으로 발달되고 있다. 공작기계에 대한 요구사항은 일반적으로 고정도화, 고속도화 그리고 고능률화 나아가서는 자동화이다. 다시 말해서 더욱 좋은 품질(고정도화)과 저렴한 가격(고능률화)의 제품을 빨리 사용자에게 공급(고속화)할 수 있고, 다양한 제품을 만들 수 있는 공작기계가 요구되는 것이다. 고능률화 또는 고속화를 위해서는 고속절삭가공을 실현해야하며 그러기 위해서는 Spindle(주축)의 회전수를 높이고 각 축의 이송 속도가 빨라야 되며 절삭 이송을 고속화하여야 한다. 그리고, 머시닝센터에서는 공구를 자동으로 교환하는(ATC)을 신속히 해야 한다. 이와 같은 고속 공작기계에 대한 요구는 점점 많아지고 있으며 공작기계전시회가 열릴때마다 고속도화는 점점 진전되고 있다. 최근에는 주축의 회전수가 10,000$min^{-1}$은 보통이고 최고 40,000$min^{-1}$이상에 도달하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.112-119
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• 1995

Early fracture and cutting force of ceramic tool for hardened STC3 steel was investigated in this study. It was found that early fracture of ceramic tool was mostly occurred before normal wear was progressed beyond a critical cutting speed and normal wear was performed under the critical cutting speed. The relationships among critical cutting speed, which was a cause of early fracture, suggested cutting cross section, that is, maximum thickness of cut and width of cut, and cutting force were examined. The following conclusions were obtained: (1)Critical cutting speed showed a high value in the case of small maximum thickness of cut and large nose radius, but was not influenced by width of cut, (2)Principal, feed and radial force, respectively, showed the proportional value to constant cutting area, width of cut and maximum thickness of cut orderly, (3)Occurrence of early fracture was dependent upon radial force.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 1993

There and two important variables in machining process control, which are feed and cutting speed. It is possible to improve the machining accuracy and the productivity by maintaining the optimal feed and cutting speed. In this work, a controller is designed to achieve on-line cutting force control based on the modeling of cutting process dynamics established through step response test. Two schemes are proposed and implemented. The first is feed control under the constant spindle speed and the second is spindle speed control under the constant feed. Finally, both are proved to work properly through simulation and experimentation.