• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2003

재래산양은 우리나라 고유의 유전자원으로서 보존뿐만 아니라 개량이 절실히 요구됨에도 불구하고 첨단생명공학기술을 이용한 연구가 극히 미진한 실정이다. 본 연구는 재래산양에 있어서 과배란처리에 의한 미수정 난자의 회수율 개선과 최적의 quality를 확보하기 위하여 과배란 처리 후 회수시간이 난포의 발달과 난자의 회수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 체중 15kg 전후의 성숙한 미경산 재래산양으로서 발정동기화를 위하여 CIDR(Eazi Breed, InterAg, New Zealand)를 10일간 질내에 삽입하고 과배란 처리는 FSH를 CIDR 삽입 8, 9, 10일째에 12시간 간격으로 70mg을 감량법으로 투여하였으며, PGF2$\alpha$는 8일째에 FSH와 함께 투여하고 CIDR제거는 10일째에 제거와 동시에 hCG 400IU를 투여하였다. 수정란회수는 외과적인 방법으로 실시하였으며, 난관에서 관류방법으로 난자를 회수한 다음 난포에서 흡입방법으로 난포란을 회수하였다. hCG 투여 후 29~34시간과 46~50시간에 관찰된 난포수는 두당 10.29개(144/14) 및 7.83개(47/6)였다. 또한 난포로부터 난포란의 채란율은 각각 66.0%(95/144) 및 53.2%(25/47)였으며, 두당 6.79$\pm$0.9개 및 4.17$\pm$1.1개의 난자를 채란하였다. hCG 투여 후 회수시간에 따른 난관에서 회수한 난자 수는 29~34시간 및 46~50시간 후 채란시 배란점은 평균 4.36개(61/14) 및 7.33개 (44/6)였으며, 난관에서 난자 채란율은 39.3%(24/61) 및 29.5%(13/44)였으며, 재래산양 한마리당 평균 1.71$\pm$0.5개 및 2.17$\pm$1.4개의 난자를 채란하였다. 난관으로부터 회수한 난자의 회수율은 29~34시간째에는 61개의 배란점을 확인하였으나 회수한 난자수는 24개로서 39.3%의 회수율을 보였고 두당 회수율은 1.71$\pm$0.5개였으며, 46~50시간에서는 29.5%의 회수율과 2.17$\pm$1.4개의 두당 회수율을 보였다. 회수한 난포란의 등급에 있어서 29~34시간에 등급별 회수율이 각각 GI(27.4%), GII(14.7%), GIII(43.2%), GIV(14.7%)로 나타났으며, 46~50시간에는 GI(12.0%), GII(12.0%), GIII(28.0%), GIV(48.0%)로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 미성숙 난자의 회수는 hCG 투여 후 29~34시간이 적합한 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

The successful cardiac transplantation depends partly on the donor heart preservation by a solution that will ensure recovery of myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to perform the evaluation of various preservation solutions and to accumulate the data on the requisites for ideal preservation solution. The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorffs perfusion system. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused for 20minutes with unarm Krebs-Henseleit solution, stored for 4 hours in cold preservation solution after cardioplegia, and then were reperfused for 20minutes. The 4 experimental groups were prepared Hartmann's solution group (group 1, control), modified Euro-collins solution group(group II. MEC), modified University of Wisconsin group (group n, MUW), and CK solution(made by the author) group (group W, CK). The parameters for assessing the preservation ability were levels of enzymes in freezed myocardial tissues (lactate, creatine kinase-MB and adenosine deaminase), coronary flow. left ventricular developing pressure and dpldt. In conclusion, the ability of preservation for isolated rabbit heart was excellent in CK solution and modified University of Wisconsin solution, and poor in modified Euro-collins solution, compared with Hartmann solution. CK solution has low potassium concentrations(34.2mEq/L) and includes various substrates to be salutary on myocardial preservation. This fact may indicates the necessity of further refinements in selection or composition of electrolytes and substrates.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.441-446
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• 1999

본 연구는 접속사를 통한 텍스트 통합 과정이 논리적 추론 종류에 따라 다른 정보처리 과정 혹은 다른 종류의 단원적 구조(modular structure in language processing)에 의해 처리되는지를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 또한, 접속사를 통한 추론 과정이 실어증의 증상 종류에 따라 다른 종류의 언어정보처리 손상이 있는지를 평가하기 위해 실시되었다. 실험에 참가한 환자는 이해성 실어증환자(Wernicke aphasic), 전반성 실어증 환자(Global aphasic), 표현성 실어증 환자(Broca aphasic) 등이었다. en 종류의 과제를 이용하였다. 한 과제는 앞 뒤 문장을 논리적 관계성을 표현하는 접속사를 채워 넣는 과제였고 다른 과제는 접속사가 포함된 텍스트가 옳은지를 판단하는 정오 판단 과제였다. 실험재료 문장에 사용된 접속사는 추가적인 정보를 제공하는 '그리고'와 대등 관계를 나타내는 '그러나' 및 인과 관계를 표현하는 '그래서' 였다. 이 세 종류의 접속사는 각기 다른 논리적 관계성을 나타낸다. 실험 결과는 실어증 환자가 전반적으로 채워 넣기 과제에서 보다는 정오 판단 과제에서 더 많은 실수를 보였으며, 표현성 실어증 환자보다는 이해성 실어증 환자가 더 많은 오류를 보였다. 또한, 세 종류의 접속사 중에 '그리고'가 표함된 텍스트에서 더 많은 실수를 보였다. 이 연구에서 나타난 흥미 있는 결과는 표현성 실어증 환자는 '그러나' 접속사가 포함된 텍스트에서의 수행이 '그래서'가 포함된 경우에서보다 좋은 반면에 전반성 실어증 환자는 '그래서'를 포함하는 텍스트에서의 수행이 '그러나'를 포함하는 텍스트에서의 수행이 더 우수해서 이중해리(double dissociation)가 나타난다는 사실이다. 이 결과는 선후 문장이 어떤 종류의 논리적 관계성을 지니는가에 따라 다른 종류의 정보처리가 진행된다는 것을 암시하는 결과이다.>$\textrm{cm}^2$.。C로 비교적 양호한 초전박막의 전기적 특성을 나타내었다.(Mg+Fe)비를 갖고 전자에 비해 Al이 풍부한 환경에서 생성되었으며, 따라서 활석과 연관되지 않은 녹니석은 생성시 광체와 인접한 화강아질 편마암에 의해 주로영향을 받았을 것으로 생각된다. 녹니석의 이러한 2가지 화학조성상의 경향은 녹니석과 공존하는 운모류나 각섬석류들의 화학분석결과와도 잘 일치한다. 이러한 결과는 이 지역의 활석 광상이 초염기성암 기원의 사문암이 열수변질작용을 받아 생성되었음을 명확하게 지시하며, 따라서 활석 광석내에 존재하는 녹니석은 활석의 근원 광물로서 녹니석편암 및 녹니석 편마암 매의 녹니석이 활석화되고 남은 잔존광물이 아니라, 주변암에 의해 성분상의 영향을 받은 열수와 사문암과의 변질교대작용에 의한 활석화과정 중에 주로 생성된 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 결과는 연구지역의 활석광상이 초염기성암의 사문암화 작용과 활석화 작용의 두 가지 변질작용에 의해 형성되어졌음을 알려준다.농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는 틀림이 없으나 개흉술에 비해 재발율이 높고 비용이 비싸다는 문제가 제기되고 있는 만큼

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.61-90
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• 2010

In this paper, I focused on analyzing Yeoheon Chang Hyeon-gwang's literary theory and his prose in the genealogy of Confucian scholars in Chosun. Through this study, I would like to examine the trend of concentrating on 16th century when we treat the literary tendency of Confucian scholars. With this goal, I tried to seek the direction which was pursued by Confucian scholars who lived during the 17th century. Yeoheon tried to construct the spirit of humanities cosmically as an aim of his life, study, and literature. And he had a new understanding of human independence by suffering from Japanese invasion in the late of 16th century. He insisted that only human can realize the spirit of humanities on a cosmic base. He also thought that the morality(道) could be settled only by literature(文). We may interpret this concept as a progressive idea about literature comparing to the former Confucian scholars. On the other hands, Yeoheon tried to accept the literary theory of former scholars such like Park Young, Cho Sik, and Seong Woon who embraced Taoism. Yet he erased the color of Taoism in the field of topic, and he also tried to keep his distance from them in the field of literary form. This concept actually came from Lee Hwang's opinion, while Yeoheon tried to rouse scholar's independence. Through above, we may realize that the Confucian scholars of 17th century were not just imitators of 16th century. They tried to examine the former study and also tried to renew the theory.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2012

Purpose: Quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) using dynamic PET imaging has the potential to assess coronary artery disease. Rb-82 plays a key role in the clinical assessment of myocardial perfusion using PET. However, MBF could be overestimated due to the underestimation of left ventricular input function in the beginning of the acquisition when the scanner has non-linearity between count rate and activity concentration due to the scanner dead-time. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the count rate linearity as a function of the activity concentration in PET data acquired in list mode. Materials & methods: A cylindrical phantom (diameter, 12 cm length, 10.5 cm) filled with 296 MBq F-18 solution and 800 mL of water was used to estimate the linearity of the Biograph 40 True Point PET/CT scanner. PET data was acquired with 10 min per frame of 1 bed duration in list mode for different activity concentration levels in 7 half-lives. The images were reconstructed by OSEM and FBP algorithms. Prompt, net true and random counts of PET data according to the activity concentration were measured. Total and background counts were measured by drawing ROI on the phantom images and linearity was measured using background correction. Results: The prompt count rates in list mode were linearly increased proportionally to the activity concentration. At a low activity concentration (<30 kBq/mL), the prompt net true and random count rates were increased with the activity concentration. At a high activity concentration (>30 kBq/mL), the increasing rate of the prompt net true rates was slightly decreased while the increasing rate of random counts was increased. There was no difference in the image intensity linearity between OSEM and FBP algorithms. Conclusion: The Biograph 40 True Point PET/CT scanner showed good linearity of count rate even at a high activity concentration (~370 kBq/mL).The result indicates that the scanner is useful for the quantitative analysis of data in heart dynamic studies using Rb-82, N-13, O-15 and F-18.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.700-712
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• 1996

Transpulmonary sequestration of leukocyte following cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has been recognized as one of main causes of postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a single dose of prebypass corticosteroid on pulmonary leukostasis and postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. The study was performed prospectively in randomized-blind fas ion for 50 patients from January 1995 to June 1995. All patients were divided into two groups; In the steroid group(n=25), corticosteroid(Solu-Medrol 30mg1kg) was injected prior to CPB and in the placebo group (n=25), normal saline was injected before CPB. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Total peripheral leukocyte counts decreased significantly at 5 minutes of CPB in all patients(P<0.01), and began to increase progressively at later periods of CPB with neutrophilia. The significant rise remained at postoperative 7th day. 2. During partial CPB, transpulmonary leukostasis occurred in placebo group(P< 0.001), whereas it was prevented in steroid group. 3. In both groups, peripheral Lymphocyte counts were stable during CPB, but began to reduce at time of intensive care unit(ICV) and the Iymphocytopenia remained until postoperative )rd day. The Iympho- cyte counts recovered on postoperative 7th day. 4. In both groups, peripheral counts of monocyte were relatively stable in the e rly peroid of CPB, and increased gradually in the later periods of CPB. This significant monocytosis remained throughout postoperative periods(P< 0.05). 5. The mean value of postoperative PaOa was lower than that of pre-CPB In placebo group(P=0.01), but in steroid group, there was no significant difference(P=0. 90) and fever was higher in placebo group compared to steroid group(P=0.001).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.647-655
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• 1997

We evaluated the feasibility and safety of this method by reviewing the early outcome of the patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) utili ing parallel sequential anastomoses with saphenous vein grafts, comparing with the outcome of the patients revascularized with grafts having only single distal anastomosis. During the one-year period of 1995, a total of 79 patients underwent isolated CABG, among whom 39 patients with sequential vein grafts(sequential group) and 40 patients without sequential grafts(non-sequential group). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of preoperative status, except in the extent of the coronary disease; 87.2% of the sequential group and 45.0% of the non-sequential group had left main andlor triple vessel involvement. 318 distal coronary anastomoses were done; 198 for the sequential group(5.1/patient) and 120 for the non-sequential group(3.0/patient). In the sequential group, the mean durations of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamp per one distal anastomosis were 33.5 and 21.1 minutes, respectively. In the non-sequential group, these were 41.8 and 22.7 minutes. There were two operative deaths, both in the non-sequential group. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications including myocardial infarction. During the follow-up period(2 to 15 months), 8 patients(3 in the sequential and 5 in the nonsequential group) complained of residual or recurrent angina. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative ."'Thallium myocardial perfusion scans in 30 patients showed improved or normal perfusion reserve in 83.3% of segments bypassed with sequential grafts and 82.5% of segments bypassed with non-sequential graft(5), These results show that, utilizing parallel sequential anastomoses with saphenous vein grafts, we could achieve satisfactory short-term clinical results in patients with extensive coronary stenoses. So, we conclude that this technique is a safe, technically feasible strategy for CABG, which can achieve the aim of complete myocardial revascularization with a limited length of graft.raft.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.387-391
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• 2002

Background: Postoperative morbidity and mortality in destroyed lung are relatively high. We tried to identify the prognostic factors affecting postoperative morbidity and mortality in destroyed lung through a retrospective study. Material and method: The retrospective study was undertaken in 112 patients who had undergone pneumonectomy or pleuropneumonectomy for destroyed lung at Severance Hospital from 1970 to 2000. We analyzed the correlation between postoperative morbidity and mortality and etiology, duration of disease, preoperative FEV1, presence or absence of peroperative empyema, operation timing, the side of operation, duration of operation, and operation type. Result: There were 55 men and 57 women, aged 20 to 81 years (mean 44 years). Etiologic diseases were tuberculosis in 86 patients(76.8%) including tuberculos empyema in 20 and tuberculous bronchiectasis in 4, pyogenic empyema in 12(10,7%), bronchiectasis in 12(10.7%), and lung abscess in 2(1.8%). Postoperative morbidity were 25%(n=28) and postoperative mortality was 6%(n=7). The presence of preoperative empyema(p=0.016), pleuropneumonectomy(p=0.037) and preoperative FEV1 of less than 1.75 L(P=0.048) significantly increased the postoperative morbidity, If operation time was less than 300min, postoperative morbidity(p=0.002) and mortality(p=0.03) were significantly low. Conclusion: Postoperative morbidity and mortality in destroyed lung were acceptable. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were significantly low when operation time was less than 300 min. Preoperative existence of empyema, pleuropneumonectomy and preoperative FEV1 of less than 1.75 L significantly increased postoperative morbidity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.343-347
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• 2003

Background: The femoral artery is the most common site of canuulation for cardiopulmonary bypass in surgery for type A aortic dissection. Recently, many surgeons prefer the axillary artery to the femoral artery as the arterial cannulation site for several benefits. We evaluated the safety and usefulness of axillary artery cannulation in surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. Material and Method: Between Oct. 1995 and Sep. 2001, 71 patients underwent operations for acute type A aortic dissection. The arterial cannula was inserted into the axillary artery in 31 patients (AXILLARY group, mean age=56), and into the femoral artery in 40 patients (FEMORAL group, mean age=57). We retrospectively compared the incidence of mortality, morbidities, and hospital course. Result: The mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest were significantly shorier in the AXILLARY group (207 min and 39min, respectively) than in the FEMORAL group (263min and 49 min, respectively; P<0.05). Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the AXILLARY group than in the FEMORAL group (mean 15 days vs. 35 days, p<0.05). Although there was no difference in the incidence of new-onset permanent neurological dysfunction (3.2%, in the AXILLARY group, 2.5% in the FEMORAL group), the incidence of transient neurological dysfunction was significantly lower in the AXILLARY group (12.9% vs. 25%, p<0.05). In the FEMORAL group, two patients needed urgent conversion to cannulation site due to arch vessel malperfusion. In the AXILLARY group, there was only one patient who had a complication related to the cannulation, i.e., median nerve injury. Conclusion: Axillary artery cannulation was safe and helpful in decreasing the cerebral ischemic time and incidence of transient neuroligcal dysfunction in surgery for acute type A aortic dissection, It enabled us to approach the patients with aortic arch pathology more aggressively.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1998

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA), in which systemic temperatures of 2$0^{\circ}C$ or less are used to allow temporary cessation of the circulation, is an useful adjunct in cardiac surgery. Because man in natural circumstances is never exposed to the extreme hypothermic condition, however, one of the controversial aspects is appropriate blood gas management($\alpha$STAT versus PH-STAT) during DHCA. This study aims to compare $\alpha$STAT with PH-STAT management for control of blood gases in experimental cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) circuits with a membrane oxygenator. Fourteen young pigs were assigned to one of two strategies of gas manipulation. After a median sternotomy, CPB was established. Core cooling was initiated and continued until nasopharyngeal temperature fell below 2$0^{\circ}C$. The flow rate was set at 2,500 ml/min. Once their temperatures were below 2$0^{\circ}C$, the animals were subjected to circulatory arrest for 40mins. During cooling, blood gas was maintained according to either $\alpha$$\alpha$STAT or pH-STAT strategies. After DHCA, the body was rewarmed to normal body temperature. Arterial blood gases were measured before the onset of CPB, before cooling, before DHCA, at the point of 27$^{\circ}C$ during re-warming, on completion of re-warming. Cooling time was significantly shorter in $\alpha$-STAT than PH-STAT strategy, while there was no significant differences in rewarming time between two groups. Carbon dioxide was added between 5.5 and 3.0% in PH-STAT, while no carbon dioxide was added in $\alpha$STAT management. Amounts of oxygen administration were gradually lowered as temperature decreased. In this way, criteria of PH, PaCO, and PaO adjustments were satisfied in both $\alpha$STAT and PH-STAT management groups.