• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.571-583
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• 2007

The effects of climatic changes owing to urbanization, geographical and topographical conditions on Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration, and energy and aerodynamic terms of Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration have been studied. In this study, 56 climatological stations including the Seoul metropolis in South Korea have been selected, and the area of study site was set at $314\;km^2$. The climatological station is centrally located In the study area with a 10 km radius. The geographical and topographical characteristics of these sites were examined using GIS analysis. Land use status of the study area was also examined to estimate the extent of urbanization. The study results indicated that the variation of reference evapotranspiration rate is closely related to urbanization in most climatological stations. The level of change in reference evapotranspiration was higher in areas with higher urbanization rates. The change in reference evapotranspiration appears to be caused by temperature rises following heat island phenomena due to urbanization, and by the decrease in humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration due to the Increase in residential areas in urban districts. Especially, the humidity decrease causes a significant decrease in evapotranspiration rate. The study results showed that climatic change due to urbanization and proximity to the coast had the greatest effect on reference evapotranspiration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2018

Ammonia is used primarily as a refrigerant in refrigeration facility and SCR of a plant, and is frequently involved in leakage accidents. This study was conducted by selecting ammonia, a material with a wide influence range when evaluated, as a material with higher vapor pressure and lighter than air. In this study, the influence ranges were computed using KORA(Korea Off-site Risk Assessment supporting tool) with four different environmental factors : ground roughness, sealing, operating temperature, pressure, and leakage hole size. As a result, the difference in the influence range of ground roughness is approximately 4.62 times, while the ammonia storage tank shows a difference in the reduction rate of 0.64 when sealed. The extent of impact increased with increasing leakage depending on storage temperature and pressure, and when storing higher than the saturation vapor pressure, the impact range showed an average growth rate of 3.45 % per 0.1 Mpa($45^{\circ}C$). The influence ranges based on the size of the leakage holes is shown to be proportional to the area of the leakage zone.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to collect basis data for to establish standard administrative processes of liquid fertilizer treatment. From this survey we could make out the key point of each step through a case of effective liquid manure treatment system in pig house. It is divided into six step; 1. piggery slurry management step, 2. Solid-liquid separation step, 3. liquid fertilizer treatment (aeration) step, 4. liquid fertilizer treatment (microorganism, recirculation and internal return) step, 5. liquid fertilizer treatment (completion) step, 6. land application step. From now on, standardization process of liquid manure treatment technologies need to be develop based on the six steps process.