• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.711-719
• /
• 2012

A thermodynamic analysis and a feasibility study on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a waste heat recovery system for a marine diesel engine were carried out. The ORC and its combined cycle with the engine were simulated, and its performance was estimated theoretically using R245fa. A parametric study on the performance of the ORC system was carried out under different temperature conditions of the heat transfer loop and specification of the heat exchanger. According to the thermodynamic analysis, ~10% of the thermal efficiency of the cycle was able to be realized with the low temperature heat source below $250^{\circ}C$. The electric power output of the ORC was estimated to be about 4% of the mechanical power output of the engine, considering additional pumps for cooling water and circulation of the heat transfer medium. According to the present study, the electric power generated by the ORC is about 59%-69% of the required power, and it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption under normal seagoing conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 1994

The major objective of this study is to develop a method of zone cooling during summer day using heat pump for year- round cultivation. The efficiency of cold water cooling and fog cooling was investigated. In order to prevent the occurrence of blossom - end rot in tomato, cooling was induced together with air flow of the fruit treatment as well as promoting air circulation in the plant treatment was induced. The following results were obtained : 1) The temperature in the cold water cooling district was 1$0^{\circ}C$ lower than greenhouse temperature and the temperature in the fo8 cooling district was about 5$^{\circ}C$ lower than the greenhouse. 2) Regardless of cooling method, the treatment of air flow on fruit did not affect the fruit but prevent blossom-end rot. There was 34.5% occurrence rate of blossom -end rot in non-air flow district of cold water cooling 54.5% in non-air flow district of fog cooling and 78% in fog circulation cooling district. The cooling efficiency using cold water cooling method induced enough cooling at critical temperature for growth and development and the occurrence of blossom -end rot was lower than fog cooling. Fog cooling in culture district with air circulation did not induce and difference in temperature but caused an Increase in humidity resulting in 24% increase in the occurrence of blossom-end rot. Thus the occurrence of blossom-end rot in tomato caused by environmental factors can be attributed more to humidity than to temperature.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.1028-1034
• /
• 2005

The objective of this paper is to study the effects of the cooling air mass flow rate and the heat input variation by the simulation and the experiment. An air-cooled $NH_3/H_2O$ absorption chiller is tested in the present study. The nominal cooling capacity of the single effect machine is 17.6 kW (5.0 USRT). The overall conductance (UA) of each component, the cooling capacity, coefficient of performance and each state point are measured with the variation of the cooling air mass flow rate and the heat input. It is found that the COP and cooling capacity increase and then decreases with increasing the heat input. It is also found that the COP and the cooling capacity increase and keep constant with increasing the cooling air mass flow rate. The maximum COP is estimated as 0.51 and the optimum cooling air mass flow rate is $217\;m^3/min$ from the present experiment.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.192.2-192.2
• /
• 2010

일반적 의미의 소수력발전은 계곡이나 저낙차의 하천에서 시도되었으나, 한국의 지형과 강수패턴등은 소수력발전을 활성화하기에 어려운 점들이 있었다. 이에 최근에는 정수장, 하수처리장등과 같은 인공구조물에 소수력발전을 설치 운영하는 방향으로 가고 있으며, 특히 화력발전소 냉각공정에 사용되는 해수를 이용한 소수력발전이 크게 성공하였고 확대설치 되어가고 있다. 해안에 위치하는 LNG인수기지에서는 LNG의 기화에 해수를 열원으로 사용하며, 기화공정에서 열교환 후 바다에 배출된다. 이 때 기화해수와 공기와의 접촉으로 생성된 거품은 해양미생물과의 복합작용으로 쉽게 깨어지지 않고 바다로 떠내려가게 된다. 이러한 거품은 시각적 거부감으로 인하여 인근어민들의 불편함을 야기하고 있으며, 또한 배출해수와 일반해수와의 온도차로 인한 인근 어장이나 양식장의 어획고에 미칠 수 있는 부작용의 가능성에 대한 우려는 더욱 방류해수의 적절한 처리를 필요로 하고 있다. 이러한 방류해수의 거품생성을 해결하는 데 있어 근본적인 해결방법은 심층배수법인데, 심층배수 구조물에 발전수차를 추가 설치만 하면 수력발전이 가능하다. 방류해수의 거품관련 환경문제를 해결하면서 동시에 청정전력을 생산할 수 있는 해양소수력발전에 대하여 KOGAS에서는 LNG 인수기지에의 적용가능성을 분석하고 있으며, 방류해수의 낙차와 조수간만의 차를 이용하는 해양소수력발전을 LNG 인수기지에의 적용하는 것으로는 세계최초의 시도이다. 주변지형에 따른 입지여건을 분석하고, 해수계통분석, 소수력발전방법, 수차종류, 수차용량, 수차개수, pond의 크기등을 결정하고, 수리해석 및 경제성분석을 수행할 것이며 소수력발전의 타당성여부에 대한 가늠을 잡고자 한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.108.1-108.1
• /
• 2010

분류층 가스화기는 석탄과 산소(공기) 및 수증기가 반응하여 $1200{\sim}1600^{\circ}C$의 고온, 20~60기압의 고압에서 작동되어 합성가스를 생성하며 합성가스에 포함된 입자 및 황화합물 등을 정제설비를 통하여 정제 후 발전 및 화학원료로 사용한다. 석탄가스화 중 석탄에 포함된 대부분의 회분은 용융슬래그 형태로 가스화기 벽면을 따라 흘러 내려 가스화기 하부의 냉각수조에서 급랭되어 배출된다. 이때 용융슬래그의 원활한 배출을 위해서는 일정범위의 점도를 유지하는 것이 필요하다. 슬래그의 점도는 가스화기 온도 및 Ash의 조성에 따라 크게 변하며 가스화기 설계 및 운전 시 매우 중요한 변수이다. 따라서 최적의 설계 및 운전을 위해서는 Ash의 점도예측이 중요하며, 분류층 가스화기내부에서 Ash 점도 예측을 위한 DooVisco 프로그램을 개발하였다. DooVisco는 가스화기 내부에서 슬래그 용융온도 및 온도별 점도, 가스화기 최소 운전온도 및 석회석 투입 효과 분석뿐만 아니라 석탄의 혼합 사용 시의 특성 예측도 가능하도록 개발되었다. DooVisco는 슬래그 주요 4성분인 SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, FeO 성분에 대한 Phase Diagram을 이용하여 1차적으로 슬래그용융온도(Liquidus Temperature)를 예측하고, 주요 4 성분 외에 Na2O, MgO, K2O, TiO2 등을 고려한 Kalmanovich Model을 이용하여 점도를 예측한다. 최종적으로 슬래그 용융온도와 점도를 활용하여 분류층 가스화기 운전가능 온도범위를 예측한다. 개발된 DooVisco를 활용하여 300MW급 실증 IGCC 플랜트에 사용가능성이 있는 석탄을 대상으로 슬래그의 용융온도 및 점도 등을 예측하였으며 최적 운전을 위한 슬form점도 조절용 Flux인 석회석 투입량 등을 평가하였다. 평가 결과 슬래그 용융온도가 $1700^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 석회석 투입이 필요하다고 판단되었다. 약 가스화기 내부 온도를 $1500^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 원활한 운전을 위해서는 석탄 대비 약 10% 내외의 석회석 투입이 필요할 것으로 평가되었다. DooVisco는 분류층 가스화기 설 계시 가스화기 최적 운전 온도 설정 및 Flux 투입필요성, 종류, 투입량 선정에 활용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 플랜트 운전시 석탄의 탄종 적합성 등을 판단하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2001

To analyze chemical compositions of softwood vinegar prepared with continuous carbonized kiln, the chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS spectrometry. The results were summarized as follow : 1. The amounts of methylalcohol and acetic acid and of vinegar were 0.12% and 0.8% respectively, and acidity was 0.85 2. Perfume components of vinegar were frufual, 5-meayl-2-furancarboxyaldehyde, 2,3-pentanedione, 2-butanol, 2,3-dihydrofuran, 1-(2-furanyl)-etanone, benzaldehyde, 2-furan carboxyaldehyde and acetic acid. 3 Vinegar prepared from softwood, so that murk amount of guaiacyl compound and phenol derivetives are produced from lignin and extractives was analγzed. 4 The yield of 4-methyl-di-tert-butylphenol was the highest in the nutural and carbonyl and acetic acid in the acid fractions, 3-ethylpentane in the basic fraction, and guaiacol in the phenolic fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2017

In this study, a new cleaning method using carbon dioxide pellet in the part of underground pipe cleaning method was proposed and verified. First of all, the commentary of The Society for Protective Coatings was examined in detail to determine the quantitative cleaning effects. Also, field tests were carried out to confirm the application of the new method. In the test, the surface condition of inner pipe after the application of the new method was investigated and two types of nozzles were compared in the tests. Also, the tests to measure the final impact pressure of air and carbon dioxide pellet mixtures were performed to investigate the losses of air pressure were investigated. Through this verification on the new method, it was found that the new method is very efficient for the removal of the rust in the pipe cleaning works. Also, the nozzle with excellent cleaning effect was also selected. As a result, this method will be able to largely contribute to the recycling of $CO_2$ which is limited to the use as a cooling agent or the storage of waste.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.629-636
• /
• 2004

In order to study developments of the marine atmosphere boundary layer in cloud incoming, important parameters like heat advection, surface layer heat flux, and radiation energy were estimated using the rawinsonde, AWS data, satellite images, and buoy data which was installed at the East Sea. We explained the variation and the development of mixed layer in terms of surface layer heat flux and long wave radiation under the cloudy sky. The heat flux was obtained by means of the bulk method. Conservation of heat was analysed by heat budget equation, which was consist of buoy data in the East sea, and sounding data at Ulleungdo and at Pohang. During the inflow of cloud, radiative cooling at the surface after was suppressed and long wave radiation from cloud played a role of warming. The surface layer temperature was also remained warm by influence of warm advection from south-easterly direction. The air temperature in night was increased, as a result, mixed layer was not destroyed and The nocturnal boundary layer was composed of the mixed layer and the residual layer.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.586-594
• /
• 2012

A future type ship power system requires both economic and eco-friendliness. That is, this should be reduced the discharge quantity of air pollutants and green-house gases as well as have high energy efficiency. Recently, gas turbines have been realized a lot of technical development in terms of efficiency and safety, and are widening the example of their adoption to a GT/ST hybrid system in a power plant as well as an aviation use. This paper reviewed the performance characteristics of a GT/ST hybrid system of several ten MW class, not large capacity, with a simulation in order to evaluate the possibility of a GT/ST hybrid system for ships. The reviewed GT/ST hybrid system has maximum 49 % efficiency, has the highest efficiency point for TIT, and has a 70~75 % and 25~30 % load ratio for a gas turbine and a steam turbine respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 2005

A PEMFC system model for FCEV was constructed and simulated numerically to examine the heat/water flow of the system and air/fuel humidification process for various operation conditions (ambient pressure /temperature/humidity, operating temperature, power load). We modeled PEMFC stack which can generate maximum electricity of about 80 kW. This stack consists of 400 unit cells and each unit cell has $250cm^2$ reacting area. Uniform current density and uniform operating voltage per each cell was assumed. The results show the flow characteristics of heat and water at each component of PEMFC system in macro-scale. The capacity shortage of the radiator occurred when the ambient was hot $(over\;40^{\circ}C)$ and power level was high (over 50 kW). In spite of some heat release by evaporation of water in stack, heat unbalance reached to 20kW approximately in such a severe operating condition. This heat unbalance could be recovered by auxiliary radiators or high speed cooling fan with additional cost. In cold environment, the capacity of radiator exceeded the net heat generation to be released, which may cause a problem to drop the operating temperature of stack. We dealt with this problem by regulating mass flow rate of coolant and radiator fan speed. Finally, water balance was not easily broken when we retrieved condensed and/or unused water.