• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-61
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• 2013

I describe the complex support systems around the world, focusing on their importance for economic growth and fiscal sustainability. Familial transfers for old age support are somewhat significant in some Asian economies including Korea, although they deteriorate quite rapidly. Public transfer systems are less significant in Korea compared with most OECD member countries. This is important because Korea has had the opportunity to develop sustainable systems less encumbered by obligations made to current and future generations. Relying on accumulated assets rather than transfers helped countries create capital-intensive economies that can maintain standards of living. This is true for Korea, but the question of how the labor and capital market will respond to the rapidly changing social welfare system remains as a critical question.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.15-28
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• 2022

Recently, government agencies are actively adopting the platform model as a means of public policy. However, existing studies on the public platform are minimal and have focused on user experiences or the possibility of public usage of the platform model. Now the research concerning building governance structure and utilizing network effects of the platform after adopting the platform model in the public sector is keenly required. This study intended to ignite academic dialogue on the governance of public platforms in the context of digital transformation. This study focused on a case of the 'Special delivery,' a public delivery app established by Gyeonggi-do. In order to analyze the characteristics of the public platform and its governance structure, data were collected from press releases, policy reports, and news articles. Data was analyzed using the frame of Hagui's platform design factors and Ansell & Gash's collaborative governance model. The results of the public platform analyses showed 1) incompleteness in the value trade-off accounting, which was designed for platform business based on general cost-benefit analysis, and 2) a closed governance structure that limits direct participation of diverse user groups(i.e., service provider, customer) in order to enhance providers' utility by preventing customers' excessive online activities. The results of this study provided theoretical and policy implications regarding designing the strategy for accounting for value trade-offs and functioning governance structure for public platforms.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-118
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a householder's working type on household saving from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior theory and the determinants of household saving by householder's working type. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS), consisting of 2,463 households with householders whose working type was regular or non-regular employment(temporary, daily or public work). OLS regression analyses and Chow-tests were performed. In the regression analyses, the dependent variables for household saving were precautionary saving and precautionary asset. Precautionary saving was operationalized with the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving to average monthly disposable income, and precautionary asset was operationalized with the amount of financial assets and the ratio of financial assets to net assets. The independent variables were household income, household assets, householder's working type(regular, non-regular), householder's age, sex, education level and marriage status, income level, the number of household members, housing type, debt, and public transfer income. Monthly average total consumption expenditures for household income, and net assets for household assets, the existence of spouse for marriage status, poverty for income level were used. Public transfer income was classified into three, social insurance, basic assistance and government assistance. For the analyses, Stata 11.0 version was used. The results are as follows: Householder's working type was significantly related to the precautionary saving behavior of a household. However, the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type was lower than those of a household with a householder in regular working type. This result is not consistent with the expectation from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior that the saving of a household with a householder in non-regular working type is expected to be higher than that of a household with a householder in regular working type. According to the analyses of the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type, monthly average total consumption expenditures, debt, net assets, poverty, the number of household members, basic assistance were statistically significant variables. The positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving)is a noteworthy result in the analyses of the determinants for household saving by householder's working type. The above results suggest the followings. First, it is easy to predict the unstability of economic life of a household with a householder in non-regular working type because of relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset. The reason for the low precautionary saving and the low precautionary asset may be a low current income of the household in spite of its willingness to save. If this reasoning is possible, it suggests that policies are needed for households with householders in non-regular working type to save. Second, the relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type suggest also their long-term economic stability. This suggests they need to try a long-term financial planning even though they have limitations to save for future because of their low current income. It is necessary to develop the financial planning for the households with unstable incomes. Third, the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type were mostly the ones which reflect the economic condition of a household. This suggests that the economic condition of a household is a core factor for household saving. Consequently, it emphasizes the efforts for a household to acquire the adequate level of income for saving. Forth, the positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving) suggests the possibility for a household to accumulate the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset in the channel of basic assistance.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-75
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• 2021

KHNP's shared growth activities are based on such public good. Reflecting the characteristics of a comprehensive energy company, a high-tech plant company, and a leading company for shared growth, it presents strategies to link performance indicators with its partners and implements various measures. Key tasks include maintaining the nuclear power plant ecosystem, improving management conditions for partner companies, strengthening future capabilities of the nuclear power plant industry, and supporting a virtuous cycle of regional development. This is made by reflecting the specificity of nuclear power generation as much as possible, and is designed to reflect the spirit of shared growth through win-win and cooperation in order to solve the challenges of the times while considering the characteristics as much as possible as possible. KHNP's shared growth activities can be said to be the practice of the spirit of the times(Zeitgeist). The spirit of the times given to us now is that companies should strive for sustainable growth as social air. KHNP has been striving to establish a creative and leading shared growth ecosystem. In particular, considering the positions of partners, it has been promoting continuous system improvement to establish a fair trade culture and deregulation. In addition, it has continuously discovered and implemented new customized support projects that are effective for partner companies and local communities. To this end, efforts have been made for shared growth through organic collaboration with partners and stakeholders. As detailed tasks, it also presents fostering new markets and new industries, maintaining supply chains, and emergency support for COVID-19 to maintain the nuclear power plant ecosystem. This reflects the social public good after the recent COVID-19 incident. In order to improve the management conditions of partner companies, productivity improvement, human resources enhancement, and customized funding are being implemented as detailed tasks. This is a plan to practice win-win growth with partner companies emphasized by corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ISO 26000 while being faithful to the main job. Until now, ESG management has focused on the environmental field to cope with the catastrophe of climate change. According to KHNP is presenting a public enterprise-type model in the environmental field. In order to strengthen the future capabilities of the nuclear power plant industry as a state-of-the-art energy company, it has set tasks to attract investment from partner companies, localization and new technologies R&D, and commercialization of innovative technologies. This is an effort to develop advanced nuclear power plant technology as a concrete practical measure of eco-friendly development. Meanwhile, the EU is preparing a social taxonomy to focus on the social sector, another important axis in ESG management, following the Green Taxonomy, a classification system in the environmental sector. KHNP includes enhancing local vitality, increasing income for the underprivileged, and overcoming the COVID-19 crisis as part of its shared growth activities, which is a representative social taxonomy field. The draft social taxonomy being promoted by the EU was announced in July, and the contents promoted by KHNP are consistent with this, leading the practice of social taxonomy

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.55-80
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• 2008

Research on the welfare state or income inequality has been concerned with variations in inequality between societies or families. These studies tend to view the family as a unit of shared interests where incomes are pooled and distributed equally. This study makes a theoretical and empirical case for why it is important to look at economic dependency within the family in comparative welfare state research. Using the Luxembourg Income Study data this study examined married women's dependency on their husbands' earnings in 16 western industrialized countries. The constructed measure for married women's level of economic dependency followed the procedure of Sørensen & McLanahan(1987), which stated : "her dependency is measured by the extent to which a woman's standard of living(as determined by her share of income) is derived from a transfer from her husband." The finding suggested that married women's economic dependence was lowest in Scandinavian countries. On the contrary, in Southern Europe countries most married women were dependent on husbands' earnings. In Netherlands, Austria, Germany where the share of part-time work among married women was high, married women's economic dependence was also high. This showed the women's labor force participation did not mean that the majority of couples were equal with respect to earnings, nor that a major shift in the sexual division of labour has taken place. This paper analysed the causal relationship between the married women's economic independence and the welfare state by using Ragin(2000)'s Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. This analysis considered the various conditions of the welfare state : namely, left power, union mobilization density, women's mobilization, public service sector employment and generous support on the family. The result showed that powerful union, high level of women's mobilization and the generous support on the family were necessary conditions for 'relatively high' level of married women's economic independence.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2007

In general, the importance of geological information is emphasized not only for national SOC construction, underground space development and energy resources development but also in areas related to environmental disasters such as mine damage, ground subsidence and landslides. Although geological information is highly useful in developing industrial raw materials, national land management and people's welfare, there is no unified governmental institution in charge of collecting and managing geological information in the national level. For this, this paper study: first, to analyze geological demand for common experts; second, to analyze geological demand for public institution; and third, to set priority for geological informatization. In the result of surveying demand for geological information, we need to improve laws and systems for collecting and reporting geology-related materials, making thematic maps, and maintaining and managing geological information we need to establish national strategies and build an integrated system for interoperability of databases and systems. Accordingly, we will guideline on future direction of strategies for the national integration of geological information management system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.194-203
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• 2008

Construction Research and Development (R & D) projects have been begun with the investment of 1.2 billions in 1994 and have been reached to 30 billions in 2004. During this ten-year period, a total of investment for construction R&D amounts to 125.7 billions (Total 418 construction R&D projects). However, the results of each R&D project could not apply to real construction site because each project has been performed by a small size (0.5 billions). In addition to those, the social interest on the construction R&D projects has not been received and those importance has not been recognized. Especially, there aren't still standardized methodologies or weighted measurement data for evaluating research performance of the construction R&D projects up to now. The construction R&D projects has been Invested on the basis of an annual technology demand survey rather than the research performance outcome. Therefore, it is important to establish a qualitative performance measurement model for evaluating construction R&D projects. This paper proposes a new research methodology for analyzing the performance measurement of the construction R&D projects. First of all, the Balanced Score Card (BSC) is used to evaluate the construction STAR technologies selected in this research. The performance items of BSC has been modified as four criteria such as "productivity, "knowledge accumulation," "training of students," and "welfare." The new research methodology developed in this paper is expected to use in establishing resonable construction R&D budget in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.33-60
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• 2009

This study aimed at examining whether the national rental housing supplied by Korea National Housing Corporation (KNHC) is truly contributing to the upward mobility of housing in low-income households without their own house by comparatively analyzing whether those who moved out of the national rental housing made upward, horizontal or downward housing type mobility. The subjects of this study included 333 people who had moved out of three national rental housing complexes in Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do in 2007, which had opened to the first residents two years ago. A telephone survey involving the subjects was carried out. Collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, cross tabulation analysis and multiple regression analysis, with using the type of residential mobility(downward mobility, horizontal mobility or upward mobility) according to "housing size" and "housing costs" as a dependent variable, and personal and family environment and economic environment as independent variables. According to the results of the analysis, 76.4% of the households made an upward mobility, 1.6% remained little changed, and 22% moved downward in terms of "housing costs," compared to before moving into the national rental housing and while living there. Furthermore, in terms of "housing size" 61.8% of the households moved upward, 16.5% remained little changed and 19.7% moved downward. The variables affecting the upward mobility of housing type included the number of income earners in a household, income earner's occupation and education level. Income earner's amount of income, age and family to support, on the other hand, turned out to have little effect on the upward mobility. Based on the results of the study, the following suggests were made for the supply of effective national rental housing. First, various features of each type of residential mobility should be reflected. Second, national rental housing residents' self-sufficiency should be enhanced to help them move upward in housing type.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.173-184
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the parent-adolescent communication styles, self-esteem, depression and career decision-making styles. The subjects were 399 middle school students and 366 high school students in four middle schools and two high schools in metropolitan and small towns for one month from July 1, 2017. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis. Multiple regression was used to see how parent-adolescent communication styles, self esteem, and depression affect the career decision-making style. As a result, first, open communication with mothers has a statistically significant effect on the rational career decision-making style and open communication with fathers has a statistically significant effect on the intuitive career decision-making style of adolescents. Second, self-esteem of adolescents showed a positive correlation with rational career decision-making style and negative correlation with dependent career decision-making style, and depression showed a positive correlation with dependent career decision-making style. The results may help to understand the relationship among the parent-adolescent communication styles, self-esteem, depression and career decision-making styles and be used for counseling intervention.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1113-1128
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate toilet terms and pictograms recognized by elders living in Seoul and Incheon. Method: Data were collected from 308 elders by individual interviews using questionnaires. Result: As for the name of places for elimination, those elders responded Hwajangsil 88.3%, followed by Byeonso 49.3% and Dwitgan 44.4%. Most elders preferred Hwajangsil as the term indicating the place for elimination. The mean age of the group preferred Bunso was significantly higher than that of the group preferred Hwajangsil, whereas educational level was higher in the latter group. Of the 256 respondents, 55% preferred the pictogram of international toilet sign, while 34.8% preferred the pictogram of toilet stool. Those with no formal education tended to prefer the pictogram of toilet stool. Conclusion: The term Hwajangsil is suggested for indicating toilet for elders in general. Other terms familiar with residents need to be investigated in the facilities for elders and those terms should be used in combination with Hwajangsil. English toilet signs alone are not recommended for elders. Simple pictograms of toilet stool is suggested for elders with low educational level. Toilet signs for elders need to include both terms and pictograms.