• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest new direction for domiciliary care for elders provided by public institutions in rural areas. Method: The participants in the study were elders using one of 11 public health care institutions, of which 8 operated day care services exclusively, and 3 operated both day care and short-term respite care services. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that included items on general characteristics of the service users, conditions of the services, personnel, financial status, facilities, and perception of the tasks of the staff. Result: The service content of the day care centers included Western and Chinese medical service, physical services, activities of ADL, nursing care services, meal services and transportation services. Domiciliary care centers provided a wide variety of health and social welfare service for elders. Personnel consisted of 3 to 8 staff for day care centers and 7 to 10 for domiciliary care centers. Both types of centers rely on financial support from local government for operation. The perception of the staff was the need for operation of these centers by public health facilities such as public health centers and sub-centers. Conclusion: The result suggest a need to activate the function of public institutions to provide domiciliary care for elders. For this new change, the role as a social support system must be developed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-80
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• 1990

한국의 사망력은 높은 수준의 성별 사망력 차이와 중년 남성의 급격한 사망력 상승을 그 구조적 특성으로 하고 있는데, 이러한 한국인 사망력 구조의 특이성은 직접적으로는 사망원인의 성별, 년령별 차별적 역활에 기인하며 간접적으로는 이들 원인의 차별성을 초래하는것으로 추정되는 경제개발기간동안의 사회, 경제 및 공공정책상의 변화 및 생활습관의 차이에서 기인된다고 보아진다. 본 연구에서는 이들 차이를 결과짓는 여러 요인들을 중심으로 한국인의 사망력 구조상에서 나타난 년령별 및 성별특성을 분석하는데 그 주요점을 두었다. 1985년 경제기획원 조사통계과에 의해 집계된 사망원인통계자료는를 활용하여 한국인의 사망력 구조의 특성을 사망원인과 관련시켜 연구분석한 결과는 다음과 같이 종합될수 있다. 첫째, 40대 이후 남성의 높은 사망력에 의거한 요인들은 뇌혈관질환, 고혈압성질환, 암질환 및 기지 심질환 및 간의 악성신생물 순으로 중요하게 나타났다. 둘째, 0세에서의 남녀간의 기득개념의 차이는 차이는 초년 또는 청년층에서의 남녀간의 사망력 차이에서 보다는 40대 이상의 중장년층에서의 남녀간의 사망력 차이에서 비롯되었으며, 뇌혈관 질환, 악성간질환 및 고혈압성 질환, 간의 악성 신생물,및 기타 심질환 및 간의 악성 신생물 질환들이 중장년층에서의 남녀간의 사망력 차이를 결정하는데 주역활을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 세째, 위의 년령간의 및 남녀간의 사망력 수준의 차이를 결정짓는 주요한 사회적 간접요인들로는 첫째, 사회.경제개발과 함께 이어 병행되어온 보건정책들이 즈로 어린이 또는 여성에 편향된 결과 였으며, 둘째,환경적 요소로서 중년 남성들의 Social stress, 운동부족과 관련된 질병들과 공해, 먼지, 유해화학물 가스 등 산업재회와 관련된 질병들에 의한 사망률이 높으며, 세째, 행위적 요소로서 음주와 흡연과 관련된 질병들에 의한 중년 남성의 사망률이 높은것들로 요약될수 있다. 중년 남성의 높은 사망률은 기술적,사회적 경험이 축적된 노동력의 상실로서 국가적 손실이 크며, 고 년령층 인구의 구조적 측면에서도 성의 불균등을 초래하여 미혼 여성의 증가등 사회적인 기반문제의 주요한 요인이 되므로서 그 중요성은 지대하다고 할수 있겠다. 그러므로 이 문제는 국가적 사회적 차원에서 해결이 시급하며 그 해결책으로는 지금 까지 도외시 되어 왔던 중년 남성의 건강을 위한 프로젝트의 실지와 함께 이들에게 노출되어 왔던 운동 부족, 사회적 스트레스 및 산업재회의 해소 내지 제거에 대한 방안들이 연구 되어야 하겠다. 한편 음주 및 흡연등의 개인행위적 습관의 개선을 위한 사회 계몽활동의 추진 및 건전한 스트레스 해결책의 개발이 중요하다고 하겠다.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the Appropriateness of abdominal CT to abdominal radiography as an imaging modality in terms of the diagnostic value, medical costs and decision making times for patients presented to the emergency department with nontraumatic abdominal pain. Methods: This study used the records of 530 cases presented to the emergency department(ED) with nontraumatic abdominal pain from February to March 2012. Imaging modalities were categorized into abdominal radiography and CT (radiography first or CT first) or radiography alone or CT alone. The diagnostic value, total medical costs and effect on decision making time of the each imaging modalities were compared. Especially, in retrospective review, to evaluate the predictability of the abdominal radiography, alit was assumed that all the 530 cases performed that exam as initial imaging. Results: Among 530 cases, 255 cases underwent abdominal radiography only, 28 cases underwent abdominal CT only and the remnant 247 cases underwent abdominal CT with plain abdominal radiography. The diagnostic value was higher in the cases with abdominal CT (268/275, 97.5%) than in the cases with plain abdominal radiography (19/255, 7.5%).The number of cases predicted by abdominal radiography only as initial imaging were 39/530 (7.4%). In cases where the patients performed the abdominal CT as the first imaging modality thereby omitting the abdominal radiography, the total diagnostic imaging fee was lower than in cases with plain abdominal radiography first followed by the abdominal CT (277,140 vs. 284,226(mean, Korean Won)). Although diagnostic value of the plain abdominal radiography as first imaging modality was lower than the abdominal CT, Decision making time, average duration of hospital stay was longer and the total medical costs was higher than abdominal CT. Conclusion: As an imaging modality in the ED for patients with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain, plain abdominal radiography is an avoidable procedure when viewed in terms of the diagnostic value and total medical costs and decision making times comparing with abdominal CT.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

Recently, it has become possible to collect, store, process, and analyze data generated in various fields by the development of the technology related to the big data. These big data technologies are used for clinical results analysis and the optimization of clinical trial design will reduce the costs associated with health care. Therefore, in this paper, we are going to analyze clinical results and present guidelines that can reduce the period and cost of clinical trials. First, we use Sqoop to collect clinical results data from relational databases and store in HDFS, and use Hive, a processing tool based on Hadoop, to process data. Finally we use R, a big data analysis tool that is widely used in various fields such as public sector or business, to analyze associations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2019

Traditionally, the definition of a republic in the constitutional sciences has remained passive, identifying whether or not a king exists. However, this is not an accurate understanding. Reinterpreting the meaning of the Republic at this point is expected to play a role in easing the side effects of neo-liberalism. It is more important than anything to establish a concrete picture of what a republic is in reinterpretating its meaning. Therefore, the main content of this paper is to clarify it by presenting requirements for the Republic.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the mass and social media contents and structures related to particulate matter before and after the policy enforcement of the comprehensive countermeasures for particulate matter, derive nursing implications, and provide a basis for designing health policies. Methods: After crawling online news articles and posts on social networking sites before and after policy enforcement with particulate matter as keywords, we conducted topic and semantic network analysis using TEXTOM, R, and UCINET 6. Results: In topic analysis, behavior tips was the common main topic in both media before and after the policy enforcement. After the policy enforcement, influence on health disappeared from the main topics due to increased reports about reduction measures and government in mass media, whereas influence on health appeared as the main topic in social media. However semantic network analysis confirmed that social media had much number of nodes and links and lower centrality than mass media, leaving substantial information that was not organically connected and unstructured. Conclusion: Understanding of particulate matter policy and implications influence health, as well as gaps in the needs and use of health information, should be integrated with leadership and supports in the nurses' care of vulnerable patients and public health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.232-242
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the occupational status and job stress of visiting nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants were 151 visiting nurses working in the public health services in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire. Results: The average age of the visiting nurses was 49.5 years. A occupational period was 38.4% of the participants had worked for a period of 6-10 years and 34.5% of them had worked for a period of 11 years or more. In terms of employment type, 74.8% had permanent contracts and 13.9% had fixed terms. 93.4% of nurses were working on COVID-19-related work; and 57.6% of them were working more than 50% of their work. Each visiting nurse provided health services for a total of 436.4 cases on average and the per day count was 14.3 cases. The service was provided through home visits or phone consultations. The results of the job stress were relationship conflict (60.92±20.72), job demand (59.05±14.10), job autonomy (57.83±14.63), job instability (45.25±27.37), organizational system (44.97±17.21), workplace culture (42.71±18.00), and inadequate compensation (35.29±18.14). There was a significant difference in job stress according to the proportion of COVID-19 work was 'workplace culture' (p=.023), Job autonomy (p=.053) and Inappropriate compensation(p=.054). Conclusion: In order to provide a stable working environment for visiting nurses and effective public visiting health services during unexpected circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to promote progressive policies and systemic improvements.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.451-459
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• 2022

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common musculoskeletal problem that causes pain in and disability of masticatory muscles, the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ), and related structures. The purpose of this study was to compare pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of masticatory muscles, cervical ranges of motion (ROM), and pelvic mobility during gait of subjects with or without TMD. Methods: In this study, pain thresholds and changes in the mobility of the cervical vertebrae and pelvis were measured in 25 patients with TMD and 25 healthy controls. Using a pressure algometer, the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured in both groups. A gyroscope sensor with a mobile application was used to determine cervical ROM in the frontal and sagittal planes. A 3D-motion analysis system was used to evaluate pelvic mobility in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes during gait. Results: The TMD group showed significantly decreased PPTs of masseter and temporalis muscles compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Cervical ROM in flexion, extension, and lateral bending were significantly decreased in the TMD group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, antero-posterior pelvic tilt was significantly decreased in the TMD group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that there are close anatomical and functional relationships between TMD and muscle chains related to the cervical spine and pelvis. Therefore, more comprehensive body posture assessments, especially of painful areas, should be undertaken when studying TMD patients.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2022

The concept of "public health care (public health and medical services)" as discussed in South Korea is used in an unclear sense, with a meaning unlike the terminology used worldwide. The terms "public health care (public health and medical services)" and "health care (health and medical services)" have the same legal definition in Korea. Globally, "public health care (public health and medical services)" refers to medical services provided to the public that are operated as publicly funded resources, but in Korea, this term is confined to limited medical services prescribed by the government. The following considerations regarding "public health care (public health and medical services)" in Korea are proposed: All medical services performed by the state, regional governments, health care institutions, or health care workers to protect and promote the health of the people should be clearly established as "public health care (public health and medical services)" by definition. The financial burden borne by the state through national health insurance should be increased to an appropriate level to clarify the state's responsibility. Improving public health is an urgent priority in Korea, and this goal can be achieved by improving regional public health through systematic relationships between the state and regional governments, establishing a Ministry of Health, and efficiently allocating public health doctors who are important for providing regional medical care in rural and remote areas. It will be possible to actively deal with infectious diseases at the national level through establishment of a Ministry of Disease Control and Prevention.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the opinions of Gyeongsangbuk-do residents on out-of-hours (OOH) pharmacies and to examine the operating experiences of pharmacists who are operating OOH pharmacies in other areas. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was carried out for 1,000 Gyeongbuk residents employing a questionnaire via online or face-to-face, and 82 pharmacists who currently operate OOH pharmacies employing a postal questionnaire. Out of eighty-two, 46 pharmacists replied (response rate 56.1%). Results: As for the necessity of introducing OOH pharmacies in Gyeongsangbuk-do, 84.9% answered more than necessary. 86.1% favored the local government support for OOH pharmacies. The necessity of OOH pharmacies was highly evaluated among participants who experienced to be unable to use medicines or services in out of service hours, regardless of their characteristics or health condition. County residents consistently put a positive opinion for the necessity of OOH pharmacies if they have elderly family member(s), while city residents had significant differences across subgroups depending on their conditions (family members, household economics, health status, etc.). Almost all (95.7%) pharmacist participants highly evaluated the necessity of OOH pharmacies and the majority of them (63.0%) felt satisfied. However, 60.9% of participants have ever considered closing their OOH pharmacy business due to private, business management and professional reasons. Conclusion: This study made suggestions to address anticipated issues for the Gyeongbuk-style OOH pharmacy model.