• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Most of product designers use 3D CAD system as a inevitable design tool nowadays and many new products are developed through a concurrent engineering process. However, it is very difficult for novice designers to get the sense of reality from modeling objects shown in the computer screens. Such a intangibility problem comes from the lack of haptic interactions and contextual information about the real space because designers tend to do 3D modeling works only in a virtual space of 3D CAD system. To address this problem, this research investigate the possibility of a interactive quantified structure simulation for product design using AR(augmented reality) which can register a 3D CAD modeling object on the real space. We built a quantified structure simulation system based on AR and conducted a series of experiments to measure how accurately human perceive and adjust the size of virtual objects under varied experimental conditions in the AR environment. The experiment participants adjusted a virtual cube to a reference real cube within 1.3% relative error(5.3% relative StDev). The results gave the strong evidence that the participants can perceive the size of a virtual object very accurately. Furthermore, we found that it is easier to perceive the size of a virtual object in the condition of presenting plenty of real reference objects than few reference objects, and using LCD panel than HMD. We tried to apply the simulation system to identify preference characteristics for the appearance design of a home-service robot as a case study which explores the potential application of the system. There were significant variances in participants' preferred characteristics about robot appearance and that was supposed to come from the lack of typicality of robot image. Then, several characteristic groups were segmented by duster analysis. On the other hand, it was interesting finding that participants have significantly different preference characteristics between robot with arm and armless robot and there was a very strong correlation between the height of robot and arm length as a human body.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2014

The ecosystem of the Arctic region has been increasingly affected by global warming. Archaeal ammonia monooxygenase alpha subunit coding gene (amoA) which is a key enzyme for nitrification was used to investigate the effect of runoff water of ice melt on microbial community of nitrogen cycle. The archaeal amoA genes at coastal area of Svalbard, Arctic region were PCR-amplified and sequenced after clone library construction. Analysis of archaeal amoA gene clone libraries suggested that the station 188 which is in the vicinity to the area of runoff water harbor lower ammonia-oxidizing archaeal diversity than the station 176 and 184. The average amino acid sequence identity within all archaeal amoA gene clones was 94% (with 91% nucleotide sequence identity). While all the clones of the station 188 were affiliated with Nitrosoarchaeaum clade containing strains isolated from low-salinity and terrestrial environments, about 45% of total clones of the station 176 and 184 were related to marine Nitosopumilus clade. Interestingly, other typical archaeal amoA gene clones of thaumarchaeal I.1b clade frequently retrieved from terrestrial environments was identified at station 188. Microbial community of nitrogen cycle in marine sediment might be affected by input of sediments caused by runoff glacier melt waters.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.438-442
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• 2005

Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of volumetric mixing ratio(v/v) of two substrates, food wastes(FW) and waste activated sludge(WAS). In batch experiments, optimum mixing ratio for hydrogen production was found at $10{\sim}20$ v/v % addition of WAS. CSTR(Continuous Stirred tank reactor) was operated to investigate the hydrogen productivity and the microbial community under various HRTs and volumetric mixing ratio(v/v) of two substrates. The maximum yield of specific hydrogen production, 140 mL/g VSS, was found at HRT of 2 day and the volumetric mixing ratio of 20:80(WAS:FW). The spatial distribution of hydrogen producing bacteria was observed in anaerobic fermentative reactor using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) method.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2012

Four in situ incubation experiments were conducted in May, August and November 2009, as well as February 2010 to determine the seasonal primary productivity and the community structure of phytoplankton at the Seomjin estuary. The primary production of phytoplankton ranged from 9 to 3560 mgC $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$. Primary productivity was the highest in the summer season (August), which was influenced by improved optical and temperature conditions of the water, as well as the supply of nutrients derived from its surrounding watershed. Particularly, the upper station (SJ-1, SJ-2) of Seom-jin estuary showed a higher productivity, as a result of inflow of input nutrients originated from the terrestrial source. The fucoxanthin, as an index pigment of diatoms showed the highest concentration (0.74~9.51 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) at all stations, occupying 30~80% to total Chl a concentrations. The phytoplankton species composition determination, using a microscope showed similar results to the pigment analysis, which indicated diatom Skeletonema costatum, as the dominant species. The primary productivity in Seom-jin estuary indicates temporally and spatially large variation, according to different environmental conditions. Also, Skeletonema costatum has euryhaline features with relatively higher contribution.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to develop a daily pattern clustering algorithm using historical traffic data that can reliably detect under various traffic flow conditions in urban streets. The developed algorithm in this paper is categorized into two major parts, that is to say a macroscopic and a microscopic points of view. First of all, a macroscopic analysis process deduces a daily peak/non-peak hour and emphasis analysis time zones based on the speed time-series. A microscopic analysis process clusters a daily pattern compared with a similarity between individuals or between individual and group. The name of the developed algorithm in microscopic analysis process is called "Two-step speed clustering (TSC) algorithm". TSC algorithm improves the accuracy of a daily pattern clustering based on the time-series speed variation data. The experiments of the algorithm have been conducted with point detector data, installed at a Ansan city, and verified through comparison with a clustering techniques using SPSS. Our efforts in this study are expected to contribute to developing pattern-based information processing, operations management of daily recurrent congestion, improvement of daily signal optimization based on TOD plans.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.79-98
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest a model analysing spatio-temporal characteristics of the civil complaints for the officially assessed land price based on big data mining. Specifically, in this study, the underlying reasons for the civil complaints were found from the spatio-temporal perspectives, rather than the institutional factors, and a model was suggested monitoring a trend of the occurrence of such complaints. The official documents of 6,481 civil complaints for the officially assessed land price in the district of Jung-gu of Incheon Metropolitan City over the period from 2006 to 2015 along with their temporal and spatial poperties were collected and used for the analysis. Frequencies of major key words were examined by using a text mining method. Correlations among mafor key words were studied through the social network analysis. By calculating term frequency(TF) and term frequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF), which correspond to the weighted value of key words, I identified the major key words for the occurrence of the civil complaint for the officially assessed land price. Then the spatio-temporal characteristics of the civil complaints were examined by analysing hot spot based on the statistics of Getis-Ord $Gi^*$. It was found that the characteristic of civil complaints for the officially assessed land price were changing, forming a cluster that is linked spatio-temporally. Using text mining and social network analysis method, we could find out that the occurrence reason of civil complaints for the officially assessed land price could be identified quantitatively based on natural language. TF and TF-IDF, the weighted averages of key words, can be used as main explanatory variables to analyze spatio-temporal characteristics of civil complaints for the officially assessed land price since these statistics are different over time across different regions.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

The research area for solving question answering (QA) problems using artificial intelligence models is in a methodological transition period, and one such architecture, the dynamic memory network (DMN), is drawing attention for two key attributes: its attention mechanism defined by neural network operations and its modular architecture imitating cognition processes during QA of human. In this paper, we increased accuracy of the inferred answers, by adapting an automatic data augmentation method for lacking amount of training data, and by improving the ability of time perception. The experimental results showed that in the 1K-bAbI tasks, the modified DMN achieves 89.21% accuracy and passes twelve tasks which is 13.58% higher with passing four more tasks, as compared with one implementation of DMN. Additionally, DMN's word embedding vectors form strong clusters after training. Moreover, the number of episodic passes and that of supporting facts shows direct correlation, which affects the performance significantly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

Interactive multimedia broadcasting can serve various additional information of object in multimedia because of the commercialized data broadcasting by communication and broadcasting convergence. One of the most important factors in interactive multimedia broadcasting is User-Centric Interoperability. The higher User-Centric Interoperability, the more information of user-interest objects are served quickly by user request. This proposed method finds own area of the object in mask video and divides the area into equal parts. And then it store as a form of bitsum after clustering the area. As a result of experiment, We confirm the method is efficient to use space for storing position information of the object.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.129-143
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate flooding vulnerability considering spatial characteristics focused on Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Assessment Factors are water cycle area ratio, surface runoff, and precipitation. And construction of assessment factors and vulnerability was analyzed by GIS program. Water cycle ratio and surface runoff were vulnerable in urban area. Precipitation was often distributed in agriculture of the northern region. Results of flooding vulnerability were low in agriculture and forest of the northern region. In contrast, urban area was high because there has covered impervious land cover. Analytical results of flooding vulnerability density using hotspot spatial cluster analysis were high in urban area. And these areas were situated in down stream so flooding were generated. Therefore, flooding vulnerability assessment of this study can help for selecting construction sites of pervious land cover and rainwater management facilities in urban and environmental planning.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2016

This study investigates seasonal variation and spatial distribution of meiobenthic community of Gamak Bay (one of the major bays of southern coastal area of Korea). Total of 6 surveys of 10 stations took place, once in February, June and October of 2009 and through 2010. Community structure, taxon diversity (H') and nematodes/copepods ratio of meiobenthos were studied in Gamak Bay. During the study period, nematodes and harpacticoids were the most dominant taxa among the meiofaunal groups in Gamak Bay. Taxon diversity (H') was the highest at the outer stations and the lowest at the inner stations in the Gamak Bay. The nematodes/copepods ratio was seasonally studied as an index of pollution monitoring for the benthic ecosystem at each station. As a result, nematodes/copepods ratio was the highest at the inner stations and the lowest at the outer stations in Gamak Bay.