• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.3 s.68
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

In this study, design parameters were determined statistically with and without consideration of original distribution characteristics. Obtained parameters were applied to test numerical analysis and the results were compared. Distribution characteristics of statistically treated parameters show the similar characteristics of original distribution. Mean values show more than 19% of errors between the two cases. Regarding the characteristics as normal distribution can cause distorted results, it is proper to consider the original distribution characteristics of the parameters.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.408-424
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• 2020

This study attempts to analyze the spatial clustering of survived and closed coffee shops based on the land price and land use for each coffee shop location. The locational characteristics of survived and closed coffee shops for each cluster type are identified through various locational properties such as transport factors (physical accessibility), shop properties (franchise information, newly open/closed business experience), and spatial density (kernel density estimation). To this end, we categorize the clusters of survived and closed coffee shops into three types (general locational distribution type, commercialization type of residential area and location type of commercial center), and then analyze their locational characteristics. As the result, we found that the locations of newly open and closed coffee shops show different distribution characteristics, even though they are classified into the same type due to the double sidedness of new open and closed locations. The results of this study can be provided as basic data for planning the location of coffee shop as well as regional commercial district.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.721-730
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• 1999

A Grid-based daily evapotranspiration(ET) prediction model which calculates temporal and spatial ET with a complementary relationship of Morton(1983) was developed. The model was programmed by C-language and uses ASCII formatted map data of DEM(Digital Elevation Model) and land use. Daily ET within the watershed is calculated and the results of temporal variations and spatial distributions of ET are presented by using GRASS(Geographic Resources Analysis Support System). To verify the applicability of the model, it was applied to the part of Bocheong stream basin (76.5$\textrm{km}^2$) located in the upstream of Dacheong Dam watershed. The result shows that the estimated evapotranspiration in 1995 was 766.1mm and 22% increased after correction radiation for slope and area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

GSSHA(Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis) 모형은 미 공병단 연구개발센터(USACE ERDC; US Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Research and Development Center)체서 개발된 물리적인 개념의 공간 분포형(PBSD; Physically Based Spatially Distributed) 수문모형으로, CASC2D 모형(Ogden 와 Julien, 2002; Downer 등, 2002)을 개선, 확장한 모형이다. GSSHA 모형의 실행에는 Brigham Young 대학의 컴퓨터그래픽공학연구실에 의해 개발된 미 국방성 WMS(Watershed Modeling System) 인터페이스를 사용하며, 이를 통해 많은 입력과 출력조건을 가지는 분포형 모형의 복잡한 모의 과정을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 GSSHA 모형을 이용하여 경안천 유역의 물순환 양상을 분석하였다. GSSHA 모형은 유역을 균일한 유한 차분 격자로 나누어 각각의 격자를 기본 단위로 모의한다. 모형의 주요 모의 모듈은 강우 분포, 융설, 차단, 침투, 증발산, 지표면 저류, 2차원 표면류 추적, 1차원 하도 추적, 불포화 층 모의, 2차원 포화 지하 대수층 흐름, 지표면 유사 침식, 하천 유사 추적 등이 포함된다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.48.2-48.2
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• 2016

태양계의 행성간 공간에는 수많은 티끌들이 흩어져 있다. 이들의 존재는 유성, 우주 탐사선의 검출기, 황도광 관측 등으로 확인되고 있으나, 이 티끌들의 수명이 길어야 수백만년에 불과하기에 태양계에는 지속적으로 티끌을 공급하는 기원천체가 있어야 한다. 최근의 광학적 (Yang & Ishiguro, 2015), 역학적 연구는 ~90% 이상의 행성간 티끌들이 혜성에서 방출되었을 것이라 추정하기에 이르렀다. 이러한 상황에서, 본 연구에서는 행성간 티끌구름의 구체적 양상을 설명하려는 목적으로 혜성에서 방출된 티끌들이 태양계에서 겪게 되는 역학 진화를 수치 계산을 통하여 추적하였다. 우리는 다양한 혜성 궤도 분포를 골고루 대표할 수 있도록 실제 혜성 중에서 대표 혜성들을 선정하고, 관측에 기반한 티끌 방출 모형을 이용하여 다양한 크기의 가상적 티끌을 이들 혜성에서 방출시켰다. 태양의 복사에 의한 끌림힘, 8개의 행성에 의한 중력 섭동을 고려하며 이 티끌들의 궤도 진화가 추적되었다. 티끌들의 최종 종착지가 살펴졌고, 정상 상태를 가정하고 행성간 티끌구름을 구성하여 실제 관측되는 티끌구름과 비교하였다. 이번 발표에서는 혜성에 의한 티끌공급량과 내행성계의 티끌 유출입량, 내행성계 티끌구름의 크기도수분포, 티끌구름의 궤도 요소 분포, 황도광의 밝기 분포 등이 수치 계산 결과와 비교되어 설명될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.38-42
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• 2010

기후변화에 의해 집중호우의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하고 지속적인 유역개발에 따른 토지이용의 증가는 토양침식 및 토사유출로 인한 재해 및 환경문제를 야기한다. 현재 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 토양침식량 산정기법은 대부분 대상유역내의 평균 토양침식량을 산출하는 총량적 개념의 경험식이므로 호우기간동안의 유역 침식/퇴적의 시 공간적 변화양상을 모의할 수 없다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 따라서 보다 합리적인 유역규모의 강우-유사-유출 메카니즘 해석을 위해서는 집중형(lumped) 모의기법을 대체하고 다양한 기상학적/지형학적 디지털 정보를 활용할 수 있는 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 사면의 지표 및 지표하 흐름을 고려한 유출모의 모듈과 단위수류력(Unit Stream Power)이론을 기반으로 유사유출 모의모듈을 결합한 분포형 강우-유사-유출 모형을 개발하고, 용담댐 상류부의 천천유역에 적용하여 개발된 모형의 재현성 평가를 수행하였다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.189-208
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• 2021

Public library usage is closely related to the accessibility to library facilities. Therefore, public library planning and development authorities should consider the policies for improving the library accessibility of community, for releasing disparities of the spatial accessibility and for increasing location efficiency of public libraries. In this regard, this study strives to analyze the spatial distribution of public libraries in Busan and to derive the regions that lack public libraries by identifying main characteristics using geographical information systems (GIS): identify the blind spot for public library service, analyze the hot and cold spot for the supply of libraries, and identify the vulnerable areas of library based on population density. The result of the study will contribute to understand the spatial distribution of public libraries in Busan and to prioritize sites where public library should be constructed in order to improve the accessibility to public library services.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2017

The three self-compatible, terrestrial orchids Cephalanthera erecta, C. falcata, and C. longibracteata flower synchronously in sympatric populations. Cephalanthera erecta and C. longibracteata, which have white flowers that do not fully open, are predominantly autogamous, whereas the food-deceptive C. falcata, whose bright yellow flowers open completely, is predominantly outcrossing. The formation of hybrids rarely occurs between species owing to strong prepollination barriers (floral isolation). If these three species have evolved toward the prevention of interspecific hybridization, we can expect that the spatial distribution patterns of the three species would be characterized as spatial segregation (i.e., 'spatial repulsion') from each other. To test this prediction, we studied the three Cephalanthera species in sympatric populations showing coincident flowering within Yeonwhasan Provincial Park (YPP, Gyeongsangnam Province, South Korea). We found strong spatial aggregation in each population and spatial independence in the interspecific spatial distribution, differing from previous studies. We further hypothesize that Cephalanthera species in sympatry within YPP are distributed somewhat randomly in space, perhaps due to the sharing of similar mycorrhizal fungi.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.381-395
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• 2005

The spatial distributions of macrobenthic communities in Masan Bay were investigated during summer and winter, 2004. A total of 104 species were sampled with mean density of $448ind./m^2$ and biomass of $77.1g/m^2$ in winter. In summer, a total of 107 species occurred with $485ind./m^2$ and a biomass of $94.5g/m^2$. The most dominant species in winter were Paraprionospio pinnata (24.2%) among polychaetous worms and Theora fragilis (14.1%) among molluscs, but they were replaced in summer by Prionospio chirrifera (20.4%) and Lumbrineris longifolia (14.5%). The difference in species composition and abundance of benthic communities between the two seasons was due to the hypoxia in the bottom layer of the inner bay during summer, which defaunated the macrofauna of the sediments. In the winter when DO concentration increased to normoxia, the pelagic larvae of benthic fauna settled in the soft sediments, but there was a spatial gradient in values of total biomass, density, and H' and benthic pollution index (BPI): higher values were found toward the mouth of the bay. The multivariate analyses like the cluster analysis and MDS ordination showed that Masan Bay could be divided into two or four stational groups in winter and summer whether the hypoxia occurred or not. Group I consisted of sites at the inner bay and central area and Group II, sites at the bay mouth. In summer the inner bay area could be further divided into the shallow impoverished area and the deeper abiotic one.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_3
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• pp.1461-1473
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the level of resolution of land cover data affects on the local distribution and diffusion of fine dust. the CALPUFF model, which considers the spatio-temporal terrain conditions and changes in weather conditions, was used to estimate PM10 concentration in the Pyeongchon, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. Three different resolutions of land cover data including 20 m, 50 m, and 100 m were compared as the input of the modeling. Using higher resolution land cover data (20 m), the wind speed of the simulated region was the largest and the PM10 concentration was the lowest. Through this study, we confirm that the resolution level of land-use/cover data can affect the local distribution and diffusion of fine dust, which can be detected by CALPUFF. Therefore, when using CALPUFF to simulate fine dust in the future, it can be suggested that checking the impact on spatial resolution according to the form of land cover in advance and proceeding with the simulation can achieve mote accurate results.