• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

Korean safflower seed has been known to have healing effects on both bone fracture and osteoporosis. On the base of such a notice, this experiment was carried out to explore the effects of safflower seed on bone formation and bone repair. The toxicity test and the effect of Korean safflower seed were evaluated with 60 rats, 3-month old. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats composed of 20 male and 20 female were underwent unilateral tibial defect and then fastened with unilateral fixators. The operated rats were divided into two groups depending on the composition of diet, such as positive control group fed normal diet(C-OP group) and safflower seed group fed 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet(S-OP group). Another 20 rats without operation were maintained, each 10 rats were fed either normal diet or 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet, and observed the toxicity of safflower seed by measuring weight and urine parameters. Postoperative radiography were taken once in 2 weeks to evaluate callus formation for operated groups and blood collection via heart puncture were carried out once in 3 weeks for 3 groups. The concentration of Ca and Pi in serum were measured using both auto Kit and $^{31}$ P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR). At present study, no toxic effect was observed from both weight increment and urine index after feeding the safflower seed diet. The comparison of the radiography between C-OP and S-OP group were showed that the safflower seed diet appeared to stimulate the formation of callus in the rat. The ratio of Ca/P in serum was low in S-OP group compared to C-OP group with the auto Kit, but there were no significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the variations of Pi values in NMR examination were also confirmed based on the result of auto Kit. In conclusion, this study implied that safflower seed might influence to bone formation and shorten the periods of remedy by stimulating the calcification of bone

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

The present study was undertaken to determine the possible cellular mechanism of action of angiopoietin-2 in bone metabolism. The effects on the osteoblasts were determined by measuring 1) cell viability, 2) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, 3) gelatinase activity, and 4) nitric oxide production. The effects on the osteoclasts were investigated by measuring 1) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) multinucleated cells (MNCs) formation, and 2) resorption areas after culturing osteoclast precursors. Angiopoietin-2 treatment showed a significant increase in both the viability and ALP activity of osteoblasts. Angiopoietin-2 increased the activity of gelatinase and nitric oxide production. In addition, angiopoietin-2 decreased the osteoclast generation induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and inhibited osteoclastic activity in (M-CSF)-dependent bone marrow macrophage (MDBM) cell cultures. Taken these results, angiopoietin-2 may be a regulatory protein within the bone marrow microenvironment.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This study aims to provide fundamental data for further shape-factor research on karst by measuring and classifying the shape of surface topography in Hogye, Mungyeong. First, in the research area, there are 35 dolines and uvalas. Second, large uvalas are found in three places, including Gulnomjae in Bugokri, and Teotgol and Denjimigol in Urori. Third, there are 13 round dolines and 22 oval dolines. Next examining the cross section of dolines, there are 27 bowl shaped dolines, 2 plate shaped dolines, and 6 funnel shaped dolines. Fourth, most dolines lay over 200m elevation, which is ridge and top of mountain. Fifth, development direction of dolines resembles the strike direction of limestone in Hogye, suggesting that the development direction of limestone affects doline corrosion. From this situation, we can guess sinkholes of the doline would be linked with limestone caves by the underground water pipe. Three limestone caves, karren and dry valley etc. appear in the research area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.19-22
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• 2019

상완동맥은 어깨에서부터 팔꿈치까지 내려오는 상완골의 내측부에 존재하며 혈압을 측정할 때 사용되는 혈관이다. 이 혈관은 골절로 인해 찢어지거나, 또는 혈액순환에 문제가 생겨 혈관이 막히는 경우가 발생한다. 이러한 경우 혈관의 상태를 확인하기 위하여 색조 도플러 초음파 검사를 사용하지만, 사용자에 따라 영상을 통한 판단 기준이 다르다는 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 FCM과 Fuzzy Decision Tree를 이용한 영상 처리를 통해 일관성 있는 판단기준을 세우기 위한 혈류의 속도를 제안한다. 색조 도플러 초음파 영상에서의 상완 동맥을 추출하여 기울기를 이용한 FCM 알고리즘을 통해 소속도를 추출한 뒤 퍼지 룰에 적용하여 의사 결정 트리로 등급을 분류하고 결과적으로 혈류 속도를 추출한다. 색조 도플러 초음파 영상에서 환자의 개인 정보를 보호하기 위해 개인 정보 영역을 제거하여 ROI 영역을 추출하고 ROI 영역을 이진화를 통하여 상완동맥이 있는 영역을 추출한다. 이진화 된 ROI 영역에서 혈관 영상의 혈류 방향으로의 무게중심을 설정하고 각각의 픽셀과 무게중심 선과의 거리를 이용하여 소속도를 추출한 후 FCM을 사용하여 최적의 기울기를 선정한다. FCM을 통해 추출한 최종 소속도를 이용하여 퍼지 룰에 적용한 뒤 계산된 T-norm과 소속도의 분산을 이용하여 의사 결정 트리를 형성 트리의 단말 노드들은 각 픽셀을 분류한다. 분류되어진 데이터들의 노드별 소속도 평균을 구한 뒤 디퍼지화를 통해 COG(Center of Gravity)를 계산한다. 마지막으로 그 값을 이용하여 혈류 속도에 영향을 미치는 정도를 계산한 뒤 최종 혈류의 속도를 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

Using computer-aided design and manufacturing technique improve quality of treatment in many aspect. This case reports the complete mouth rehabilitation of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta utilizing digital technology. Clinical examination revealed loss of mastication due to insufficient occlusal stop, missing teeth, interdental spacing due to microdontia, insufficient overbite, and etc. Full veneer crowns for teeth were selected, followed by a fixed partial denture and implant placement was done using CAD-CAM guide template with bone graft for partially edentulous space. Definitive restorations were duplicated by double scanning provisional restorations and successfully delivered to the patient. These full mouth rehabilitation procedures resulted in satisfactory outcomes for the patient functionally and aesthetically.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

Objective: To analyze osteoporosis treatment patterns and teriparatide prescription-associated factors in Korea by using a national health insurance claims database. Methods: We utilized the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patients Sample claims database to identify patients (aged ≥50 years) with at least one osteoporosis claim (International Classification of Disease 10th revision code: M80, M81, M82) and at least one prescription for osteoporosis medication (antiresorptive agents: bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and calcitonin; bone-forming agent: teriparatide) in 2018. Demographic characteristics and healthcare utilization patterns were analyzed. Factors associated with teriparatide prescriptions were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Records showed that 44,815 patients were prescribed osteoporosis medications in 2018; the percentage of patients prescribed each treatment was as follows: 86.6% bisphosphonates, 13.9% selective estrogen receptor modulators, 3.1% calcitonin, 2.1% denosumab, and 0.7% teriparatide. A greater proportion of patients prescribed teriparatide were ≥75 years (53.4% vs. 33.8%) and had fractures (63.9% vs. 12.8%) compared to the same for antiresorptives (p<0.001). Patients prescribed teriparatide had higher Charlson comorbidity index values (1.2±1.3 vs. 0.9±1.2) and were more frequently hospitalized (0.8±1.3 vs. 0.1±0.5) than those prescribed antiresorptives (p<0.001). Elderly patients (≥75 years old; adjusted OR=1.66; 95% CI 1.16-2.38) and those with fractures (adjusted OR=6.23; 95% CI 4.76-8.14) were more likely to be prescribed teriparatide than antiresorptives. Conclusion: Patients prescribed teriparatide were older and more likely to have severe osteoporosis than those prescribed antiresorptives.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.4 s.99
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• pp.279-291
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• 2003

Electric current is a highly probable way as a clinical tool for tooth movement. The purposes of this study were to determine the usefulness of exogenous electric currents in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and to investigate the effects of electric-orthodontic treatment on the remodeling of the periodontal tissue histologically The study was performed with six male cats weighing around 3kg. The electric device wich is providing the direct electric current of $20{\mu}A$ was inserted to the removable appliance. The right and left maxillary canines were assigned as control and experimental sides respectively. The control canine was Provided with orthodontic force (75gm) oかy and the experimental side was given the same amount of force and electricity. The lingual buttons were bonded to the maxillary canines and both sides of canines were retracted with NiTi coil spring. The electric device was adjusted to provide 20uh direct current to the experimental canines S hours a day The amount of the canine movement was measured with electronic caliper every week. After 4 weeks of tooth movement, the animals were sacrificed and the histologic study was performed. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The application of a direct current to the experimental tooth significantly increased the final amount of orthodontic tooth movement. The amount of tooth movement after 28-day was 37% more in the experimental side. 2. The electrically stimulated tooth showed histologic evidence of significant increases in the amount of bones and matrix deposition in the area of tension. 3. In the compression side, the electric-orthodontic treatment stimulated bone resorption more extensively in the experimental canines. 4. After 28 days of electricity exposure and orthodontic force, the experimental side demonstrated significantly more osteoblasts, osteoclasts, capillaries and osteoid tissues, reflectinr an increase in the local tissue's cellular activity. 5. Intermittent electrical stimulation (five hours a day) had effects to enhance orthodontic tooth movement and tissue remodeling. These results suggested that the low-intensity exogenous electric current by the miniature electric device might accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and bone remodeling in vivo and have the possibility to reduce the orthodontic treatment duration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to bone mineral contents (BMC) at os calcis of adolescents. The subjects were 604 students (327 boys and 277 girls) between 7th and 9th grade in Seoul, Korea. The mean age was 14.2 ${\pm}$ 0.9 years. General characteristics were collected by a questionnaire, bone mineral contents (BMC) were measured in os calcis by Duel Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (PIXI, General Electronics, USA) and height and weight were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean BMC of os calsis were 2.241 g. Height (p <.0001), weight (p <.0001I), BMC (p <.0001I) ofboys were higher than those of girls. Percent body fat of girls, however, was higher than that of boys (p <.0001). Anthropometric measurement, pocket money, sibling, experience of fracture, pubertal stage, intake of supplements, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of boys. Anthropometric measurement, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of girls. Multivariate regression with adjustment for sex and age showed that BMC was associated positively with height, BMI, frequency of regular activity, and intake of spinach or radish leaves (all p <0.05), and negatively with percent body fat (p <.0000 and Korean traditional diet pattern (p = 0.01). On the basis of these results, it is recommended to develop nutrition education and physical activity program for adolescents to improve BMC and prevent osteoporosis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

Fluoride has been one of the most widely studied caries-preventive agents. But the effect of prenatal administration had been controversies for many years. The results showed that there were no influence on reproductive rate of rats with administration of fluoride from 0 to 20 ppm during pregnancy(p>0.05). There was a trend towards slightly increased the mean ash weight in the 1, 5 and 20 ppm groups, as compared with the control group. However, there was no significant differences among groups (p>0.05). The contents of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the total bone were increased with the administrated fluoride concentration were increased, but there were no statistically significant differences among groups(p>0.05). The mean fluoride level of 1 ppm group was significantly higher than that of control group, but the concentrations of fluoride in total carcass pups of 5 and 20 ppm groups were significantly less than that of 1 ppm group(p>0.05). The results of this study indicate that the amount of fluoride transferred to the offspring, which may produce anticariogenic effects in the primary teeth of their effects in the primary teeth of their offspring.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.929-936
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis of MC3T3-E1 cells when above edible sources, Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea Miq. root (SVR) extracts, were supplimented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with $\alpha-MEM$(vehicle control), dexamethasone and genestein (positive control), and SVR extracts for 27 days. The effects of SVR MeOH extracts and its fractions on cell proliferation were measured by MTT assay. At 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$ of SVR methanol extract treated, that were elevated of cell proliferation to 140 and $120\%$ via vehicle control, respectively. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry at 3, 9, 18, and 27th day. As the results, every extracts and fractions were promoted ALP activity by time course at 1, 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$, except n-hexane and chloroform fractions. Remarkably, the MeOH extracts were increased ALP activity more than 4.4 times compared with vehicle control, 2.2 times via positive control at 27th day (p<0.05). The SVR MeOH extracts treated cells, especially at a concentration of 10${\mu}g/mL$, showed remarkably higher than vehicle-treated control cells of mineralization which were checked by Alizarin red staining. These results indicate that SVR methanol extract have an induction ability of proliferation and differentiation on osteoblast.