• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to find a way to reduce the production of cakes generated in the domestic aggregate production process. Cakes from 8 wet aggregate producers were collected and particle size was analyzed. Samples were collected step by step from an aggregate producer A, particle size analysis was performed, and the material balance was calculated before and after an sand recovery unit by modeling the production process. As a result of the particle size analysis of eight cakes, one sample contained 50% sand, and the rest contained about 5% to 25% sand. The results showing that the cake contained a variety of sand in cakes may indicate that the recovery efficiency of the sand recovery units in the field varied. Sieve analysis of the samples showed that the generation of sand particles increased 2.8 times during the third crushing compared to the second crushing, and more cake particles were generated. As a result of simulating the sand recovery unit model, the lower the cut point of the cyclone and dewatering screen, the higher the sand production and the less cake production appeared. In order to reduce the production of cake in the field, it was determined that an optimal operation of the sand recovery unit was necessary in the aggregate production process.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.88
• /
• pp.569-579
• /
• 2005

An investigation for long-term strength characteristics of crushed sand concrete using crushed sands produced in Yang-san, Kim-hae and Jin-hae that can be assumed to respectively represent eastern, middle and western suburbs of Busan has been carried out. Concrete is composed of 70~80% of aggregates in whole volume so the effect of aggregates quality to the characteristics of concrete is very important. Since 1980s, aggregates used in concrete have already been substituted crushed stone because of the exhaustion of natural gravel and sand. Crushed sand tends to increase in using quantity because of the prohibition of sea sand picking and deterioration of river sand. Crushed sand is blended with river sand in order to investigate the quality changes and characteristics of concrete as variation of blend ratio of crushed sand (n, 50, 70, 80, 90, 100%). Slump and air content were measured to investigate the properties of fresh concrete. Unit weight, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity in age of 7, 28, 60, n, 180 days were measured to investigate properties of hardened concrete. Compressive strength, unit weight and modulus of elasticity were increased with a passage of time and they are expected to keep on increasing in long-term age as well. The experimental results of the qualifies of crushed aggregates in each producing area, were all satisfied with Korea Standard. The results of the measurement of slump exposed that slump preferably decreased as mixing rate increased till 70~80% but it increased to mixing rate 70~80%. The air content was exposed that it decreased by micro filler phenomenon according to that crushed sand b)ended ratio increased. According to the result of measuring unit weight in age of 7, 28, 60, 90, 180days, it increased in accordance with that blended ratio of crushed aggregates increases. As a result of measuring compressive strength and modulus of elasticity in age of 7, 28, 50, 90, 180days, compressive strength was highest when it is 70% of blended ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2016

As the rapid industrialization and modernization progress of the world it is becoming a fast-paced environment pollution. And, dust or environment pollution to solve reckless diggings of natural aggregate cause a serious problem. This study was used a Blast Furnace Slag and Combined Heat and Power Plant of Fly Ash as a cement substitute to reduce $CO_2$ emissions during cement production, this study intend to suggest it's result as basic data 'Properties of Artificial Stone interior or exterior materials type utilizing industrial by-product and waste resource' utilizing Waste Porcelain and Waste Glass. As a result, it was high strength that matrix added the Combined Heat and Power Plant of Fly Ash of addition ratio 40%. Also, pre-experiment was conduct as mixing ratio of waste glass, waste porcelain on the basis of the preceding experiment, proper mixing ratio was judged that proper of waste glass, waste porcelain was mixing ratio 60, 70 (%) of appeared surface aggregate ratio more than 45%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.277-277
• /
• 2017

하천은 하도상황의 변경, 토지이용의 변화, 골재채취, 댐과 저수지 건설 등에 의한 인위적인 요인과 대규모의 홍수, 홍수시에 발생되는 산사태와 같은 자연적인 요인에 의해 하천의 특성이 변화되고 있다. 기후변화로 인한 기록적인 집중호우가 자주 발생하고, 탁수로 인한 피해가 심각해지면서 탁수에 대한 체계적인 연구 및 적적한 관리, 저감기술의 필요성이 대두되고 기후변화로 인해 하천 내 수리적인 환경을 변화시킴으로써 침식으로 인한 제방파괴 및 시설물 파괴나 퇴사에 따른 하천의 유지관리비용 절감을 위한 최적의 하천 하상변동 예측 기술 개발 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 남강에 적합한 유사량 추정공식과 장, 단기 하상변동을 정량적으로 제시하고자 한다. 국외에서 하도의 준 2차원적인 변화에 대한 적용성이 검증된 수치모형인 GSTARS를 이용하여 남강유역인 남강댐 하류 ~ 낙동강합류부 구간의 기후변화에 따른 유량의 변화에 따라 시나리오를 구성하였다. 유사량 공식, 준 2차원 모형 활용시 사용하는 수류튜브의 개수에 따른 민감도 분석을 수행하였으며, 연구의 결과는 하천의 물리적 변화에 따른 흐름 및 하상변동을 예측하는 방법에 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.958-962
• /
• 2008

하천유황, 하상재료, 하도지형의 자연적 또는 인위적 변화에 의한 장 단기적 하상변동의 해석 및 예측은 하천계획 및 관리를 위해 필수적이다. 특히, 제방 축조 등의 인위적 정비로 충적층 발달이 미약한 우리나라 하천은 상대적으로 종단형의 변화가 중요한 문제로 등장하였다. 하천의 이수, 치수 및 환경기능에 복합적으로 영향을 미치는 장기적인 하상변동 예측을 국가하천 형산강에 대해여 HEC6 모형과 GSTARS 모형을 이용하여 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 $2006{\sim}2007$년 동안 형산강에서 직접 실측한 유량-유사량, 하상토, 하천측량자료를 GSTARS와 HEC6 모형에 적용하여 장기 하상변동을 모의하고 그 결과 값을 비교 분석하였다. 수위표 지점인 형산교(모아), 강동대교(안강), 국당2교(부조), 신형산교(대송)를 내부경계조건으로, HEC-RAS를 통하여 조도계수 값을 보정하였으며 유량 값은 유황곡선을 통하여 연간유입량을 각 날짜별로 구성하였다. 모형의 검증은 Laursen (1963), Laursen (Modified by Maddden, 1985), Laursen (Modified by Copeland, 1990), Yang (1973) 공식을 이용하여 최심하상고 변화량 제곱근 오차가 가장 작은 공식을 선정하였다. 2006년 형산강에서 실측된 하천측량자료를 이용하여 14년간 장기하상을 모의해 본 결과 형산강 유역에서는 Laursen (Modified by Copeland, 1990, HEC6)와 Laursen (1958, GSTARS)공식이 가장 작은 오차를 나타내었으며 HEC6와 GSTARS는 하상변동의 경향을 잘 나타내었다. 형산강의 전반적인 하상변동 경향은 상류지역은 전반적으로 하상이 저하하였고 하류지역은 하상이 상승하였다. 또한 하류부는 하상이 안정화를 이루고 있어 변화가 적은 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 검증 기간 동안의 골재채취와 보의 설치 등의 외부 여건과 신뢰성 있는 유입유량을 반영하지 못하였기 때문에 보다 나은 결과를 얻기 위해서는 지속적인 유량-유사량의 관측과 자료의 보완 및 정밀 조사 분석이 필요하다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 2022

This study evaluated the effect of the degree of weathering on the particle size distribution and the amount of fine particles generated in the aggregate production process during the crushing of igneous rock. Rock samples were collected from three areas with differences in strength from the Schmith hammer measurement at the aggregate quarry in Geochang, Gyeongsangbuk-do. After crushing with a jaw crusher under the same conditions in laboratory, particle size analysis, mineral analysis, chemical analysis, and weathering index were calculated. The Schmidt hammer measurements were 56, 28, and <10, and the CIA and CIW values of weathering index were also different, so the rock samples were classified into hard rock, soft rock, and weathered rock according to the weathering degree. It shows a smaller particle size distribution toward weathered rocks under the microscope, and the proportion of altered clay minerals such as sericite increased. The composition of feldspar and quartz was high for hard rock, and the ratio of muscovite and kaolinite was low. As a result of the crushing of the jaw crusher, hard rock produced a lot of coarse crushed material (13.2mm), while soft rock and weathered rock produced fine crushed material (4.75mm). The former showed the characteristics of the beta distribution curve, and the latter showed the bimodal distribution curve. The production of fine rock particles (based on 0.71mm of sieve, wt. %) increased to 13%<21%<22% in hard rock, soft rock, and weathered rock, and the greater the degree of weathering, the more fine rock particles were generated. The fine particles are recovered by the operation of the sand unit in the wet aggregate production process. Therefore, in order to minimize the amount of sludge generated in the aggregate production process, it was judged that a study on the optimal operation of cyclones could be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.541-550
• /
• 2011

Many researches have been performed on concrete with fly ash and bottom ash. However researches on concrete with pond ash (PA) and its application to RC (Reinforced Concrete) structure are limitedly carried out. This paper presents an applicability of PA concrete in construction of real size structure. Referring to the previous study, 2 domestic PA samples with normal performance are selected and 2 replacement ratios (25% and 50%) to fine aggregate are considered for 5 PA concrete structures consisting of column, slab, and wall. In order to evaluate the property of fresh concrete, several tests including air content, slump, and setting time are performed. Using cored out samples from hardened PA concrete structure, tests for strength, resistance to carbonation and chloride penetration are carried out and compared with control samples. Additionally, tests for rebound hardness, drying shrinkage, and hydration heat are performed for PA concrete structure. The test results showed that PA concrete has reasonable strength and durability performances compared to those of normal concrete. Therefore, its potential application to RC structure is promising. The PA aggregate can be more actively used for RC structures with better quality control for content of fly ash, bottom ash, and unburned carbon.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.1895-1899
• /
• 2006

Seawater intrusion phenomenons of coastal area happen by natural or artificial factor. For example, density difference of seawater and fresh water, surface of the water change by tidal current, pumping, aggregate picking from mouth of a river, large scale reclamation in water area business etc. This research analyzed effect that groundwater TDS changed by pumping.As a result, it was expose that TDS density increases by sudden inflow of seawater when do pumping up more than $200m^3/day$. Finally, We are expected to prevent calamity by seawater intrusion in coastal area through this study and propose optimum pumping amount to use groundwater safety.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1011-1015
• /
• 2010

하천의 이용과 관리적 측면에서 가장 빈번하게 발생하는 하도의 직선화, 홍수량의 변화, 하상굴착, 하폭의 확대 축소 및 횡단구조물 등은 중규모 스케일의 하천지형을 인위적으로 교란시키는 대표적인 사례이다. 따라서, 이러한 인위적 교란은 하천생태계의 기반인 하천의 물리적 구조를 크게 변화시키므로 하도지형의 응답방향을 규명할 필요가 있다. 하천 유역의 지형은 여러 가지 스케일의 지형단위가 조직화되어 있는 것이므로 대(大) 중(中) 소(小)의 3가지 스케일 지형단위로서 계(系, system)를 계층화하고, 작은 계층의 계(系)에서는 큰 계층의 계(系)를 고정적인 경계조건으로 하여, 그 내부의 여러 가지 특징이나 변화를 규정하는 주요 인자를 이용하여 분석해야 한다. 또한 대(大) 스케일은 유역스케일의 지형스케일이며, 하도의 수계망이나 하도종단형 형상 등이다. 중(中) 스케일은 segment에서 reach 스케일의 지형이며 사행형상, 하천 폭 등이다. 소(小)스케일은 수심의 10배 정도이하의 지형스케일이며, 소규모 하상파 등의 미지형(微地形)이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 남강과 황강을 대상하천으로 유량 조절과 유사공급이 차단되는 댐하류 및 골재채취와 같은 인위적 교란요인에 의한 중규모(segment scale) 하도지형의 변화와 응답방향을 조사, 분석하였다. 연구결과 유량 및 유사공급량의 변동의 크기에 따라 전체적인 하상저하와 더불어 사주와 소가 소멸되면서 여울과 소가 사라지는 현상이 동조하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 하상의 평탄화에 의하여 저수로의 폭이 넓어져 복열사주가 발달하면서 수심 및 유속의 다양성이 감소되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2011

Upon encountering weathering soil at a construction site, it may be necessary to change the design and construction plans for geotechnical structures. When weathering soil is exposed to air, the weathering process proceeds rapidly, resulting in significant damage to geotechnical structures, particle defects, and an increase in moisture sensitivity. The management of weathering-soil compaction is challenging. Because the engineering properties of weathering-soils vary regionally, it is important to report the result of research into the regional characteristics of such soils. At two locations of granite gneiss in the Gansung area of Gangwon-do, geological studies were performed at 22 and 8 sites, respectively. At each site, test samples were collected for analysis by XRD and to measure particle size, consistency, and compaction. To evaluate the suitability of the material for road subgrade, we examined the interrelationship between CBR value and the uniformity coefficient, the 200 sieve passing ratio and the aggregate ${\geq}$ 2 mm) content. We found that for the weathered granite soil, aggregate sized > 2 mm has a significant effect on the CBR value. In addition, the mixing of aggregate sized > 2 mm with sub-quality soil improves the soil condition.