• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 2014

The permitted limit, ${\pm}12%$, of the change in solid contents based on ASTM C 494 as an interim standard in Korea Expressway Corporation, can not reflect the kind of chemical admixture and the characteristics of solid content so that it differed depending on the admixture types. In this study, effect of cement concrete quality was investigated by solid changes which can be used chemical admixtures acceptance criteria. As a result of an evaluation of a change in the quality of concrete due to solid content, since Ligno-sulfonate based (LG) had a low water reducing ratio, the range of the change in solid content was great while Naphthalene sulfonated based (PNS) and Poly-carboxylate based (PC) High Range Water-reducing Admixtures (HRWR) had a high water reducing ratio, the permitted limit of the difference in solid content currently used as the acceptance criterion should be readjusted. As a result, it is found that the acceptable range must be managed within 10% and 5% when the solid contents less than 25% and more than 25%, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

A total of 150,624 records of Holstein milk production collected from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed to investigate the effects of two different contemporary group definitions, parity and somatic cell score (SCS). The first definition (H BY S) of contemporary group was milking cows and heifers born in the same year and season. And the second thing (H CY S) was milking cow and heifers that delivered calves in the same year and season. Effects of contemporary group, parity and regression effect on SCS from two models were highly significant sources of variation. Coverage of variation ($R^2$) was somewhat higher in models with H BY S as contemporary group. From multivariate models with H BY S, phenotypic correlation coefficients of milk components were estimated high and positive. However, the phenotypic correlation coefficient between milk yield and SCS was -0.09, which was low enough to evidence no correlation between them. Phenotypic correlation between SCS and butter fat or between SCS and protein were also negligible but negative. From multivariate models with H CY S as contemporary group, phenotypic correlation among milk traits and SCS were similar to the estimates from models with H BY S. However, SCS in these models were lowly but negatively correlated with milk yield, milk protein, butter fat or SNF, and the phenotypic correlation coefficients of which were -0.10, -0.08, -0.08, -0.11, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

In this study is investigated the various properties of concrete with the kinds of stabilizing agent of recycling water and solid content in order to suggest a practical use of recycling water. According to the results, fluidity and air content varies slightly with the kinds of stabilizing agent and solid content, but does not make a big difference. Setting time does not differ remarkably from plain concrete at 20℃, but is shortened with an increase of solid content. Bleeding is reduced more largely in the case of S than in the case of R, and is not influenced by solid content. Compressive strength is equal or decreases in comparison with plain concrete at solid content of I and 50%, and shows the highest value at solid content of 3%. Length change by drying shrinkage is larger than plain concrete at solid content of 5%, and decreases at solid content of I and 3%. Therefore, it proves that the influence of the kinds of stabilizing agent is minute, and solid content is most effective at 3%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

In this study is investigated the various properties of concrete with the kinds of stabilizing agent of recycling water and solid content in order to suggest a practical use of recycling water According to the results. fluidity and air content varies slightly with the kinds of stabilizing agent and solid content, but does not make a big difference. Setting time does not differ remarkably from plain concrete at 2$0^{\circ}C$, but is shortened with an increase of solid content. Bleeding is reduced more largely in the case of S than in the case of R, and is not influenced by solid content. Compressive strength is equal or decreases in comparison with plain concrete at solid content of 1 and 5%, and shows the highest value at solid content of 3%. Length change by drying shrinkage is larger than plain concrete at solid content of 5%, and decreases at solid content of 1 and 3%. Therefore, it proves that the influence of the kinds of stabilizing agent is minute, and solid content is most effective at 3%.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.695-703
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• 2015

Acceptance criteria for chemical admixtures of cement concrete were investigated in domestic and international specifications. The reliability was verified for solid content test method of chemical admixture examined statistical analysis by round robin test. The applicability of FT-IR spectroscopy for qualitative measurement of multi-compound chemical admixtures verified. From solid content experimental results, outlier analysed using Cochran, Grubbs and Dickson's Q test. Repeatability and reproducibility standard deviation for solid content results showed 0.25 and 0.098% respectively according to KS A ISO 5725-2 procedure, it can be confirmed reliability of test methods. FT-IR spectrum of liquefied or oven-dried chemical admixtures condition showed big differences. It is needed that the FT-IR analysis is performed on dry material. However there's no difference with the applicability of FT-IR spectroscopy for multi-compound chemical admixtures. So the utility of method analysis could not identify.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.653-659
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• 2008

In this study, the optimum pre-heating condition was investigated to improve water extraction yield of Phelinus linteus tea. Pre-heating was carried out using drying oven or hot plate at different temperatures and times, and extraction yield was estimated by measuring optical density at 370 nm and soluble solid content. The highest optical density and soluble solid content of Phelinus linteus tea were observed when pre-heated at $70{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes in drying oven. Pre-heating in drying oven resulted in also faster color changes of Phelinus linteus tea at lower temperature. According to the organoleptic evaluation, pre-heated Phelinus linteus tea in drying oven at $70{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes was preferred compared to the non-treated. In conclusion, pre-heating in drying oven at $70{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes was found to be the most efficient conditions to increase extraction yield of Phelinus linteus tea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2013

The optimal amount of loquat leaf extract (LLE, $18^{\circ}$ Brix), fructose, and cream were determined to develop a rice beverage supplemented with LLE. The loquat leaves were extracted by water at $80^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs and then concentrated to 18% of solid for 1 hr at the same temperature to extraction. To investigate the optimal concentration of the additives, the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the experimental design. The addition amounts of the additives were coded. Sweetness, bitterness, off-taste, color, taste preference, and total preference were affected significantly (P<0.05) by the addition of LLE, fructose, and cream. Cream masked the bitterness and off-taste. The total preference of the LLEsupplemented rice beverage showed a lower score than the commercialiy available rice beverages. To achieve the preference level of the commercial rice beverages, the regression between fructose and LLE concentration was calculated as: fructose= $0.618{\times}(LLE)^2+0.406{\times}(LLE)$. Conclusively, cream had an effect of masking the bitterness of rice milk, and the preference was highly related to the addition amount of fructose.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.399-407
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• 2020

The aim of the research is to provide the boundary conditions for segregation of normal strength grade and high fluidity concrete mixture (so called mid-fluidity concrete) with rheology parameters. Since the normal strength grade concrete mixture has a relatively high water-to-cement ratio and no SCMs, it is easy to be segregated when superplasticizer is added. Hence, to achieve the mid-fluidity concrete of normal strength grade and high fluidity, preventing segregation of the mixture is inevitable. In this research, using two superplasticizers with different solid concentrations, the flow behaviors and rheological behaviors were assessed by increasing fluidity until the segregation happened. According to the experiment in this research, an unusual behavior in rheology parameters was observed when the concrete mixture started to be segregated. From this results and report, it is expected to contribute on the definition of segregation with rheological test methods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 1997

This study determined the effects of addtition of chicory extract on the rate of starch hydrolysis in vitro and blood glucose response in healthy subjects. The rate of corn starch hydrolysis in the presence or absence of chicory extract was determined in an in vitro enzyme/dialysis system for 2hr. Additions of dried or roasted chicory extract (5%, w/w) to corn starch solution reduced the starch hydrolysis and significantly (p<0.05) decreased the area under hydrolysis curve by 16% and 18%, respectively. Groups of five to nine volunteers underwent 60 g glucose tolerance tests (GTT) with 2.5, 5, 10, 20% (w/w) dried or roasted chicory extracts. The addition of chicory extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose concentration during the GTT and reduced the mean peak rise and area under blood glucose curve. The glycemic indices of all dried chicory extract, $5{\sim}20%$ roasted chicory extract groups were significantly decreased compared with glucose control. Chicory extract is therefore likely to be useful in modifying postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.334-339
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• 1981

Surface color, water extract color and soluble solids of the roasted barley resulted from the various roasting conditions were determined to establish the optimum roasting conditions. The correlation coefficients between the surface color of the roasted barley and its ground was in the range from 0.957 to 0.994, and which showed the internal color being well represented that of surface of the roasted grain. The degree of roasting was determined maim by the roasting temperature, rather than by the total heat energy input during roasting. The maximum yield of the water soluble solids was 68% and obtained from the barley roasted at $232^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes. The readings of Y-value of the roasted whole barley was a good index to judge and control the degree of roasting.