• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2000

우리나라의 제지산업은 천연펄프 자급능력이 20% 내외로서 낮은 실정이며 주원료의 7 70% 이상을 수입펄프와 고지에 의존하는 원료수급의 불균형이 심화된 상태이다 .. 1999년도 제지통계에 의하면 골판지 원지로 사용되는 라이너지와 골심지의 연간 생산량이 각각 169만 톤과 88만톤을 점유하여 국내 전체 지류생산량 887만톤의 약 29%를 점하고 있다. 이처럼 국내 제지산업에서 큰 비중을 차지하는 골판지 원지는 주로 국내에서 발생되는 고지를 원료 로 하여 생산되고 있어 환경친화적인 지류라 할 수 있다. 그러나, 국산 골판지 고지( Korean O Old Corrugated Container)의 경우 골판지 고지 이외에 각종 인쇄고지와 기타 산업용지가 혼합된 최하급지로서, 고지 재생 시 여러 가지 많은 제한요소를 지니고 있다. 국산 골판지 고지는 거듭된 재생처리로 인하여 미세분의 함량이 전체 지료의 절반에 달할 만큼 많으며, 아울러 섬유가 각질화됨에 따라 재생처리가 거듭될수록 그러한 미세분의 형성이 더욱 조장 되고 있다. 일반적으로 크기 75µm 이하의 무기질 및 단섬유를 일걷는 미세분은 골판지 원지 의 초지시 습지필의 탈수를 저해하여 생산성을 저하시키는 요인이 되어 왔다. 이러한 문제 를 해결하기 위해 선진국에서는 골판지 고지를 스크린 또는 클리너 둥으로 정선 처리하여 장단섬유를 분급한 다음, 장섬유분을 선택적으로 고해하여 종이의 강도를 향상시키는 기술 이 개발되어 적용돼 왔으나, 이러한 기술은 우리 나라와 같이 장섬유 보다 미세분 함량이 많은 저급의 골판지 고지를 주원료로 삼는 골판지 원지의 강도 개선에 큰 효과를 거둘 수 없는 기술이라고 판단된다. 이는 기존의 섬유 분급 처리는 고급 고지의 경우에는 효과적이 나 저급의 혼합고지를 100% 재활용하여 구성되는 국산 골판지의 생산 시에 적용하기에는 5 50-60%에 이르는 미세분이 포함되어 분리의 대상이 섬유장이 다른 펼프 섬유라기 보다는 미세섬유를 펄프섬유로부터 분리하는 것이 필요하기 때문이다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 기포의 수력학적 포집작용을 이용하여 고농도의 미세분을 선택적으로 분급시키는 부상부 유 분급처리방법을 적용하였다. 이 방법은 미세분의 농축을 위한 부가적인 처리가 필요치 않으며, 분급에 천공을 이용하지 않기 때문에 분급처리 시 천공의 plugging 문제가 발생되 지 않는다는 장점도 가지고 있다. 미세분 분급을 위한 최적의 부상부유 조건은 장섬유의 응 집을 촉진하면서 미세분은 그러한 응집체에 포함되지 않은 상태로 자유로이 부상하여 걷혀 지는 경우이다. 응집거동을 조절하기 위한 시도로서 부상부유 처리시 유량을 달리한 실험결 과에 의하면 유량이 낮을수록 장섬유 손실이 줄고 미세분이 선택적으로 포집되나 전체 부상 부유 리젝트의 양이 줄어드는 문제점이 있었다. 이에 본 실험에서는 장섬유의 응집에 영향 하는 또 다른 인자로서 지료의 농도를 증가시키면서, 미세분의 부상부유를 촉진시키도록 유 량을 증가시키는 조건으로 부상부유 처리에 의한 미세분 분급효율을 증가시키고자 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2022

In this study, the forest vegetation structure in the Maruguem (ridge line) area from Yuksipryeong to Cheonwangbong, Baekdudaegan, was analyzed using vegetation classification, importance values, species diversity, and NMS. Data were collected using 373 quadrates in a Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey conducted from May to October 2020. Vegetation was classified into nine vegetation units, which were verified using DCA analysis. Vegetation units 1-5, which were grouped by sub-alpine region, showed high importance values, mainly for sub-alpine vegetation, such as Abies koreana, Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis, and Betula ermanii. In Maruguem, which is not high above sea level, importance values for species such as Pinus densiflora and Quercus serrata were high due to the topographical characteristics of the ridge. The A. koreana community (vegetation unit 1-5), which had a relatively high average elevation, had higher species diversity compared with that of other vegetation units. According to NMS analysis, for abiotic environmental factors, there was a positive correlation between vegetation units 1, 2, 4, and 5 and elevation. Overall, this study describes all low-elevation area vegetation (P. densiflora and Lindera erythrocarpa) to high-elevation area vegetation (A. koreana and P. jezoensis) as well as the characteristics of the Baekdudaegan ridge vegetation that did not include valley vegetation.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.305-319
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• 2000

A total of 50 diatom species and 1 subspecies belonging to 31 genera except Chaetoceros resting spores were identified in the 45 sediments subsampled from a gravity core GH98-1223 collected from the western Hokkaido Island located in the northeastern East Sea (Sea of Japan). The most dominant species is Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Hustedt, ranging 29 to 59% of the total assemblages, and most species including Denticulopsis seminae (Simonsen and Kanaya) Simonsen and Pseudoeunotia doliolus (Wallich) Grunow were less than 5% in average. Frequencies of cold-water species are generally higher than those of warm-water species and the vertical distribution of cold-water species was largely opposite to that of warm-water species in spite of ecological habitat difference. Frequency of cold-water species, D. seminae is reverse to that of P. doliolus, an indicator of the Tsushima Warm Current, which is consistent with diatom temperature value (T$_{d}$ value). The variation of T$_{d}$ values shows that the upper part of core with greater-than-average T$_{d}$ values represents postglacial warming trend. These T$_{d}$ values clearly demonstrate that the study area located in the northern part of the East Sea is gradually influenced by Tsushima Warm Current. In addition, the zig-zag variation in the lower part reflects the unstable seawater for diatom habitat. Chaetoceros resting spores indicating productivity and upwelling was 5.3 to 40%, with maximum peak at 80 cm. Chaetoceros resting spores/Chaetoceros vegetative cells, an indicator of relative amounts of biogenic material in the sediments was high at the upper 80 cm level, corresponding to the change of T$_{d}$ values. On the basis of diatom assemblages, the northeastern part of East Sea has experienced the effects of Tsushima Warm Current during the postglacial period of Holocene, which is similar to the modem climatic environment. However, the variation of P. doliolus reflects that the intensity of Tsushima Warm Current has been oscillated in the East Sea.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2012

In recent years, mobile phone has experienced an extremely fast evolution. It is equipped with high-quality color displays, high resolution cameras, and real-time accelerated 3D graphics. In addition, some other features are includes GPS sensor and Digital Compass, etc. This evolution advent significantly helps the application developers to use the power of smart-phones, to create a rich environment that offers a wide range of services and exciting possibilities. To date mobile AR in outdoor research there are many popular location-based AR services, such Layar and Wikitude. These systems have big limitation the AR contents hardly overlaid on the real target. Another research is context-based AR services using image recognition and tracking. The AR contents are precisely overlaid on the real target. But the real-time performance is restricted by the retrieval time and hardly implement in large scale area. In our work, we exploit to combine advantages of location-based AR with context-based AR. The system can easily find out surrounding landmarks first and then do the recognition and tracking with them. The proposed system mainly consists of two major parts-landmark browsing module and annotation module. In landmark browsing module, user can view an augmented virtual information (information media), such as text, picture and video on their smart-phone viewfinder, when they pointing out their smart-phone to a certain building or landmark. For this, landmark recognition technique is applied in this work. SURF point-based features are used in the matching process due to their robustness. To ensure the image retrieval and matching processes is fast enough for real time tracking, we exploit the contextual device (GPS and digital compass) information. This is necessary to select the nearest and pointed orientation landmarks from the database. The queried image is only matched with this selected data. Therefore, the speed for matching will be significantly increased. Secondly is the annotation module. Instead of viewing only the augmented information media, user can create virtual annotation based on linked data. Having to know a full knowledge about the landmark, are not necessary required. They can simply look for the appropriate topic by searching it with a keyword in linked data. With this, it helps the system to find out target URI in order to generate correct AR contents. On the other hand, in order to recognize target landmarks, images of selected building or landmark are captured from different angle and distance. This procedure looks like a similar processing of building a connection between the real building and the virtual information existed in the Linked Open Data. In our experiments, search range in the database is reduced by clustering images into groups according to their coordinates. A Grid-base clustering method and user location information are used to restrict the retrieval range. Comparing the existed research using cluster and GPS information the retrieval time is around 70~80ms. Experiment results show our approach the retrieval time reduces to around 18~20ms in average. Therefore the totally processing time is reduced from 490~540ms to 438~480ms. The performance improvement will be more obvious when the database growing. It demonstrates the proposed system is efficient and robust in many cases.