• Title/Summary/Keyword: 고통추론

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Study of Suffering Inference by Nurses' pain Experience (간호사의 통증경험에 따른 고통추론 연구)

  • Ryoo, Eon-Na;Park, Kyung-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nurses' pain experience on the inference of their patients' suffering. Method: Study subjects were sampled from 184 nurses who worked in general wards in one S university hospital located at Seoul. Nurses' pain experience consists of personal pain experience and professional pain experience. The Standard Measure of Inference of Suffering (Davitz & Davitz, 1981) was used for suffering inference measure, and patients' suffering which consists of physical pain and psychological distress. Result: Suffering inference scores of nurses without personal pain experience revealed a higher value than that of nurses with personal pain experience. But these differences were not statistically significant. The higher intense pain was experienced, the higher were suffering inference scores. This physical pain inference score was statistically significant(p=.044). Of the nurses who had personal pain experience, suffering inference scores of nurses with unrelieved pain experience revealed a higher value than that of nurses with relieved pain experience. Physical pain and psychological distress inference scores were statistically significant(p=.010, p=.006). Suffering inference scores of nurses without professional pain experience(internal medicine, general surgery, orthopedic surgery) revealed a higher value than that of nurses with professional pain experience. Professional pain experience of internal medical illness was statistically significant in psychological distress of internal medical illness(p=.044), and professional pain experience of orthopedic surgical illness was statistically significant in physical pain of orthopedic surgical illness(p=.027). Conclusion: Nurses who have experienced low pain intensity or good pain relief are inclined n to underestimate patient' pain. Although nurses who care for the same patient over a long time deal skillfully with that patient, nurses are inclined to underestimate that patients' pain. Nurses need to be aware of possible biases related to pain assessment as a result of pain experience.

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Comparison of Feature Selection Methods in Anti-Spam Systems (스팸 대응 시스템에서 특징 추출 방법 비교에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Wan;Kim, Hui-Jae;Gang, Sin-Jae;Hwang, Un-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.352-355
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문에서는 스팸 대응 시스템의 특징 추출 방법들을 비교한다. 실험 결과는 퍼지추론 방법이 정보획득량, 카이제곱 통계량, 상호정보 방법에 비하여 정확률과 재현율의 결합 척도인 F-척도면에서 월등한 성능을 보여주지는 않는다. 하지만 제안된 퍼지추론 방법은 사용된 특징들의 수에 비례하여 성능이 증가하므로 좋은 특징 추출 방법으로 간주된다. 따라서 본 연구는 무수한 스팸 메일로 고통 받는 전자우편 사용자들을 위한 스팸 메일 필터링 시스템 개발에 도움을 줄 수 있다.

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Enhanced Self Health Diagnosis Using ART2 Algorithm And fuzzy Logic (ART2 알고리즘과 퍼지 논리를 이용한 개선된 자가 진단 시스템)

  • Jang, Dea-Sung;Jang, Ho-Joong;Park, Choong-Shik;Kim, Kwang-Baek
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.386-393
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    • 2008
  • 시간이 부족한 현대인과 보살핌이 부족한 고령화 인구의 증가로 인해 비교적 가벼운 질병을 방치해 더 큰 고통을 겪는 경우가 발생하여 직접 병원에 가지 않고 자신의 건강 상태를 파악할 수 있는 시스템의 개발이 필요하게 되었다. 하지만 질병의 특성상, 증상의 차이와 구분에 의해 같은 질병이라도 다른 치료와 예방이 필요하고 다른 질병으로 세부 도출될 가능성이 있다. 따라서 증상의 차이를 고려하지 않고 단순한 증상의 선택만으로 도출된 결과는 상황을 더욱 악화시킬 가능성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 ART2 알고리즘을 이용하여 질병을 도출하고 증상의 차이를 구분하기 위해서 애매한 증상의 정도를 퍼지 소속 함수로 표현하고 퍼지 추론 방법을 적용하여 더욱더 정확한 질병 상세를 도출 할 수 있는 개선된 자가진단 시스템을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 전문의에게 분석을 의뢰한 결과, 본 논문에서 제안된 자가진단 시스템 방법이 이전의 방법보다, 지능형 자가 보조 진단 시스템으로서 사용자에게 더욱 효과적인 도움을 줄 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다.

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Elementary School Students' Polar Literacy (초등학생들의 극지 소양)

  • Choi, Haneul;Chung, Sueim;Kim, Minji;Shin, Donghee
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.19-32
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    • 2022
  • The need for polar education was further emphasized, depending on the importance of the pole, which is the best place for climate change detection and prediction, and treasure trove of future technology and resources. Therefore, this study analyzed the general cognitive and affective characteristics of elementary school students' polar literacy, and in addition, analyzed the cognitive and affective characteristics according to the level of diversity about polar experience. The items developed for the study were revised through a pilot survey of 43 fifth graders. They consisted of questions about gender, polar experience, scientific literacy, polar knowledge, polar literacy skills, polar literacy beliefs, and polar literacy attitudes. The types of questions used are selectable, reliable, and Likert (4 points), for a total of 66 questions. The students who participated in the study were 323 fifth grade elementary students. The study found that students were more interested in the dramatic consequences of polar changes than the scientific causes and processes associated with it. This is confirmed through the fact that they are more interested in and familiar with polar creatures suffering from polar changes than understanding ice, which is the main feature of and the central mechanism of polar changes. Students also recognized the issue of polar climate change as a global issue other than their own. They believe that what happens in the Arctic and Antarctica will affect the whole world, but not significantly to himself and his community. The level of knowledge about polar region and the ability to analyze and infer were not significantly related to each other, and students with a higher level of diversity of experience about polar region had a better understanding of polar science and technology. In this research, it is meaningful to check the characteristics related to the students' polar region and to use it as a basic data to show the direction in which polar literacy education should proceed in the future.

Dreams of Admiral Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598) in Nanjung Ilgi (Diary in War Time) and Some Aspects of His Personality: From Jungian Viewpoint (≪난중일기≫에서 본 이순신의 꿈과 인격의 몇 가지 측면: 분석심리학적 입장에서)

  • Bou-Yong Rhi
    • Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.99-148
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    • 2022
  • This study aims at the psychological elucidation of some conscious aspects of the personality of Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598), the Korean national hero, and the unconscious teleologic meanings of his dreams mentioned in Nanjung Ilgi (Diary in War Time) from the viewpoint of analytical psychology of C.G. Jung. Yi Sun-sin was a man of discipline, incorporated with the spirit of Confucian filial piety, hyo (hsiao) and royalty, chung. He was a stern man but with a warm heart. In his diary, Yi Sun-sin poured forth his feelings of suffering, despair, and extreme solicitude caused by slanders of his political opponents, his grief for the loss of mother and son, and his worries about the fate of his country, which the Japanese invaders now plundered. The moon night offered him the opportunity to touch with his inner soul, by reciting poems, playing Korean string, 'Keomungo', and flute. Further, he widened his scope by asking for the answers from the 'Heaven' through divination and dream. Yi Sun-sin's attitude toward his mother who raised the future hero and maternal principles were considered in concern with the Jungian term 'mother complex'. Won Gyun, Yi Sun-sin's rival admiral, who persistently accused Yi Sun-sin of 'slanders,' certainly represents the unconscious shadow image of Yi Sun-sin. The reciprocal 'shadow' projection has intervened in the conflicting relationship between Yi and Won. In concern to the argument for the suicidal death of Yi Sun-sin, the author found no evidence supporting such an argument, No trace of latent suicidal wish was found in his dreams. For Yi Sun-sin, the determination of the life and death depends on Heaven. 32 dreams from the diary and 3 from other historical references were reviewed and analyzed in the Jungian way. Symbols of anima, Self, and individuation process were found. His dream repeatedly suggests that Yi Sun-sin is an extraordinary man chosen by the divine man (神人). In the dream, Yi Sun-sin was a disciple of the divine man receiving instructions on various strategies, and he alone could see the great thing or events. The dream of a beautiful blue and red dragon, whom he was friendly touching, indicates Yi Sun-sin's eligibility for the kingship. Yi Sun-sin seemingly did not aware of this message of the unconscious. Perhaps he sensed something special but did not identify with 'the disciple of gods' and 'royal dragon' in his dream. His modest attitude toward the dream has prevented him from falling into ego inflation. There were warning signals in two dreams that suggested disorders in the dreamer's instinctive feminine drive. Spirits of the dead father and brothers appear in the dream, giving advice or mourning for the death of Sun-sin's mother. Though Yi Sun-sin was a genuine Confucian gentleman, a dream revealed his unconscious drive to destroy the Confucian authoritative 'Persona' by trampling down the cylindrical traditional Korean hat. To the dreams of synchronicity phenomena Yi Sun-sin immediately solves the problem in concrete reality. He understood dreams as valuable messages from the superior entity, for example, the Confucian Heaven (天) or Heaven's Decree (天命). Furthermore, the 'Heaven' presumably arranged for him the way to the national hero and imposed necessary trials upon him. Both his persecutors and advocates of him guided him in the way of a hero. Yi Sun-sin followed his destiny and completed the living myth of the hero. His mother, King Seon-jo, and prime minister Liu Seong Yong, all have contributed to embodying the myth of the hero. Yi Sun-sin died and became god, the divine healer of the nation.